Gene

KRAS

KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase

Explore in graph →CI-GENE-00007164HGNC:6407 ENSG00000133703 NCBI 3845 CIViC Cancer geneApproved

Curated evidence

Clinical evidence (525)

CIViC items involving this gene, grouped by molecular profile and therapy, with native levels and directions. 50 items per page.

civicCuratedShowing 301–350 of 525 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
KRAS G12S21
Dasatinib	Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma	Predictive	D	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID4020 In an in vitro study, the A549 cell line, which harbors the KRAS G12S mutation, was found to have insensitivity to dasatinib treatment (IC50: 7.4 uM). In in vivo experiments, KRAS G12S expressing A549…

Cohorts

Alteration frequency by cohort (200)

Frequency = cases affected / cases profiled within one cohort. Cohorts are never pooled.

cbioportalObserved200 cohort rows (showing 50, sorted by frequency) · frequency = affected / profiled, as published by each cohort; cohorts are not pooled. Hover a row badge for its release.

Cohort	Mapped cancer	Alteration	Affected (n)	Profiled (n)	Frequency (%)	Rank in cohort	Source
Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, Firehose Legacy) luad_tcga	Lung Adenocarcinoma	Ssm	75	230	32.6%

Literature

Linked publications (113)

25 per page, newest first.

pubmedPublishedShowing 76–100 of 113 publications · bibliographic data as recorded by PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced.

T-Cell Transfer Therapy Targeting Mutant KRAS in Cancer.
· N Engl J Med · 2016 · PMID 27959684 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Amplification of the MET receptor drives resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer.
· Cancer Discov · 2013 · PMID 23729478 · validated civic_curation pubmed
KRAS codon 61, 146 and BRAF mutations predict resistance to cetuximab plus irinotecan in KRAS codon 12 and 13 wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer.
· Br J Cancer · 2009 · PMID 19603018 · validated civic_curation pubmed
NRG1 Gene Fusions Are Recurrent, Clinically Actionable Gene Rearrangements in KRAS Wild-Type Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
· Clin Cancer Res · 2019 · PMID 31068372 · validated civic_curation

KRAS G12V27
(prognostic)	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID987 Retrospective analysis of data from 841 patients who underwent surgery and molecular testing for NSCLC. Mutant KRAS was observed in 265 (31.5%) cases and 90 of these were G12V. Patients with KRAS G12… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26372703 · Renaud et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cetuximab	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	3	accepted	EID2219 This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 39 patients harbored KRAS G12V, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, and had individual response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3916 In a retrospective study of 23 EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with KRAS codon G12 or G13 mutations (n=6) treated with cetuximab were associated with decreased partial … (full text at CIViC) PMID 17363584 · Benvenuti et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3919 In a phase 3 clinical study of 533 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS G12V mutation and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy (n=72) were associated with reduce… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22734028 · Tejpar et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3911 In a retrospective study of 30 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=13) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were associated with an absen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16618717 · Lièvre et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3912 In a retrospective study of 59 metastatic, chemotherapy-refractory, colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (n=22) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were assoc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17375050 · Di Fiore et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3913 In a retrospective study of 113 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan (34/83) were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17998284 · De Roock et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	rejected	EID3914 In a retrospective study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (32/92) treated with cetuximab as salvage therapy (second-line therapy or higher) in combina… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3915 In a retrospective study of 89 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=24) treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18202412 · Lièvre et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3918 In a retrospective study of 572 advanced colorectal cancer patients, patients treated with cetuximab and best supportive care with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (81/164) were associated with reduced response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18946061 · Karapetis et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3920 In a phase 3 clinical study of 1,198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI were associated with reduced overal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21502544 · Van Cutsem et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3921 In a phase 2 clinical study of 344 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 (n=52) were associated with reduced … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19114683 · Bokemeyer et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3922 In a retrospective study of 95 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS activating mutation (n=33) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were reportedly non-respo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20010090 · Yen et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3923 In a phase 3 clinical study (NCT00154102) of 1198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI (n=105) were associate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19339720 · Van Cutsem et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colon Neoplasm	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3931 In a phase 3 clinical study,�BRAF wild-type stage III colon cancer patients harboring KRAS G12V mutation (n=213) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were associated with decreased di… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24687927 · Yoon et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID136 Cells harboring KRAS G12V mutation were insensitive to cetuximab treatment in isogenic SW48 cells and in a mouse xenograft model. PMID 20978259 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cetuximab + PanitumumabCombination	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	2	submitted	EID6313 KRAS G12V was the only variant noted in the primary tumors of two metastatic colorectal cancer patients who experienced stable disease following treatment with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (E… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC	civic
Crizotinib	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	3	submitted	EID8891 This study analyzed patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were positive for EML4-ALK fusions (ALK+) and progressed on crizotinib monotherapy. One patient harbored KRAS G12V co-mutation … (full text at CIViC) PMID 22235099 · Doebele et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant NeoplasmALIAS	Predictive	C	Does Not Support Resistance	2	accepted	EID1715 Case report of a 59-year-old white female patient (60 pack-years) with a CUP-syndrome. Molecular profiling identified both MET amplification (16 copies) and a KRAS G12V mutation. The patient was treat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25232318 · Palma et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dactolisib + SelumetinibCombination	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID2001 In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors harboring KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA mutations and implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
Docetaxel + SelumetinibCombination	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	1	accepted	EID1143 83 patients from a phase II trial (docetaxel + placebo or selumetinib) with KRAS mutant tumors were retrospectively assessed for differences in OS, PFS, ORR and change in tumor size at week 6 accordin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26125448 · Jänne et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
Erlotinib	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3927 In a retrospective study of 274 stage IIIB or IV non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (25/55) treated with erlotinib plus chemotherapy were associated with decreas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16043828 · Eberhard et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3928 In a prospective study of 522 European non-small cell lung cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (42/307) treated with erlotinib as a second-, third-line or more treatment were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982650 · Cadranel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
Gefitinib	Malignant Lung Neoplasm	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	2	accepted	EID2268 In recurrent lung cancer patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, patients with KRAS mutations had a lower frequency of partial response (PR) and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17409929 · Endoh et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC	civic
Palbociclib	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	1	accepted	EID795 In vivo studies confirmed the activity of PD0332991 (CDK4 inhibitor) on KRAS G12V mutant tumors. 17% (2/12) of mice treated with PD0332991 developed detectable lesions, whereas 75% of mice (3/4) treat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20609353 · Puyol et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	submitted	EID3926 In an in vitro study, SKCO1 and SW403 cell lines expressing KRAS G12V mutation were associated with sensitivity to palbociclib treatment as compared to cells treated with DMSO control. Sensitivity wa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27167191 · Lee et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
Panitumumab	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	3	accepted	EID3824 One patient participating in a large retrospective study of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored KRAS G12V, was wildtype for NRAS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic

KRAS G12V27

(prognostic)

Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER

Prognostic

Supports Poor Outcome

accepted

EID987

Retrospective analysis of data from 841 patients who underwent surgery and molecular testing for NSCLC. Mutant KRAS was observed in 265 (31.5%) cases and 90 of these were G12V. Patients with KRAS G12… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 26372703 · Renaud et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC

KRAS G12V2
EFTX-G12V	Malignant NeoplasmALIAS	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID13114 EFTX-G12V is an EGFR-directed, chemically modified siRNA designed to selectively target KRAS G12V. EFTX-G12V utilizes EGFR-mediated delivery to target tumor cells, taking advantage of the elevated EGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40541192 · Stanland et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC	civic
MRNA Vaccine + PembrolizumabCombination	Solid Tumors, AdvancedUNRESOLVED	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	submitted	EID12180 This paper presents two case studies on patients with advanced solid tumours harbouring the KRAS G12V mutation, treated with a combination of an mRNA vaccine targeting KRAS G12V and pembrolizumab. Pa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38914844 · Wang et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC	civic