Gene

NRAS

NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase

Explore in graph →CI-GENE-00017216HGNC:7989 ENSG00000213281 NCBI 4893 CIViC Cancer geneApproved

Curated evidence

Clinical evidence (144)

CIViC items involving this gene, grouped by molecular profile and therapy, with native levels and directions. 50 items per page.

civicCuratedShowing 1–50 of 144 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
BRAF V600E + NRAS MutationBRAF NRAS1
Dabrafenib + VemurafenibSubstitutes	Melanoma	Predictive	B

Cohorts

Alteration frequency by cohort (150)

Frequency = cases affected / cases profiled within one cohort. Cohorts are never pooled.

cbioportalObserved150 cohort rows (showing 50, sorted by frequency) · frequency = affected / profiled, as published by each cohort; cohorts are not pooled. Hover a row badge for its release.

Cohort	Mapped cancer	Alteration	Affected (n)	Profiled (n)	Frequency (%)	Rank in cohort	Source
Melanoma (Broad/Dana Farber, Nature 2012) skcm_broad_dfarber	Cutaneous Melanoma	Ssm	9

Literature

Linked publications (37)

25 per page, newest first.

pubmedPublishedShowing 1–25 of 37 publications · bibliographic data as recorded by PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced.

Colon Cancer, Version 1.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.
· J Natl Compr Canc Netw · 2017 · PMID 28275037 · validated civic_curation pubmed
FOLFOX4 Plus Cetuximab for Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer According to Tumor RAS and BRAF Mutation Status: Updated Analysis of the CECOG/CORE 1.2.002 Study.
· Clin Colorectal Cancer · 2015 · PMID 25666295 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Genomic Classification and Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
· N Engl J Med · 2016 · PMID 27276561 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Binimetinib versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced NRAS-mutant melanoma (NEMO): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.
· Lancet Oncol · 2017 · PMID 28284557 · validated

BRAF V600E + HRAS Mutation + KRAS Mutation + NF1 Inactivating Mutation + NRAS MutationHRAS NF1 BRAF KRAS NRAS1
Selumetinib	Malignant NeoplasmALIAS	Predictive	B	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID11696 In this Phase II study, 20 patients harboring activating RAS gene mutations (KRAS = 8, NRAS = 3. HRAS = 1), BRAF V600E mutations, and NF1 inactivating mutations (n=7) were treated with Selumetinib. No… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35363510 · Eckstein et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF V600E + HRAS Mutation + KRAS Mutation + NF1 Inactivating Mutation + NRAS MutationHRAS NF1 BRAF KRAS NRAS1

Selumetinib

Malignant NeoplasmALIAS

Predictive

Does Not Support Sensitivity Response

accepted

EID11696

In this Phase II study, 20 patients harboring activating RAS gene mutations (KRAS = 8, NRAS = 3. HRAS = 1), BRAF V600E mutations, and NF1 inactivating mutations (n=7) were treated with Selumetinib. No… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 35363510 · Eckstein et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC

NRAS G12C4
Cetuximab	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3846 In an in vitro study, an OXCO-2 cell line expressing NRAS G12C mutation demonstrated acquired resistance after low level cetuximab exposure compared to OXCO-2 parental cells expressing NRAS wild-type.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24553387 · Misale et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	3	accepted	EID3845 Two patients participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored NRAS G12C and were wild type for KRAS, PIK3CA, an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dactolisib	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	rejected	EID2211 NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC	civic
Selumetinib	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	rejected	EID2214 NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC	civic

NRAS G13R8
Belvarafenib	Acral Lentiginous Melanoma	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID13214 A patient with acral melanoma harboring NRAS G13R received belvarafenib monotherapy after four prior lines of systemic therapy and achieved stable disease as the best RECIST response. The patient rece… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38470950 · Kim et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	1	accepted	EID2204 One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G13R, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dactolisib	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	rejected	EID2205 NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	submitted	EID2203 In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/mTor inhibitor BEZ235 resulted in disease stabiliza… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
Panitumumab	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	1	accepted	EID3842 One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G13R, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
Selumetinib	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	rejected	EID2208 NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC	civic
Vemurafenib	Melanoma	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3843 In a retrospective study of 30 metastatic melanoma patients, a patient harboring NRAS G13R mutation was reported to be resistant to vemurafenib treatment. The patient was initially found to harbor a B… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24463458 · Rizos et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	—	submitted	EID3844 In a retrospective study of 44 malignant melanoma patients, NRAS G13R was associated with acquired resistance to vemurafenib monotherapy in one patient with disease progressive tumors harboring NRAS G… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic

NRAS Gain2
(prognostic)	Melanoma	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	4	accepted	EID13293 In a retrospective cohort of 657 patients with melanoma, 92 (14.0%) had NRAS copy-number gain (>2 copies). Patients with NRAS gain had shorter median overall survival than patients with normal NRAS co… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29245078 · Yan et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC	civic
Binimetinib	Melanoma	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID6899 In melanoma preclinical models, increased NRAS expression enhanced sensitivity to binimetinib in NRAS-copy-normal A875 cells, whereas NRAS knockdown decreased binimetinib sensitivity in NRAS-gain WM26… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29245078 · Yan et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC	civic

NRAS Mutation10
(prognostic)	Multiple Myeloma	Prognostic	B	Supports N/A	4	accepted	EID496 In patients with multiple myeloma, the presence of a mutation in NRAS was not significantly associated with progression-free or overall survival. PMID 18528420 · Chng et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID27 Patients with colorectal cancer harboring NRAS mutation have poorer survival outcome and worse prognosis than patients with wildtype NRAS. PMID 24666267 · Therkildsen et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Does Not Support N/A	3	accepted	EID56 The presence of NRAS mutation in AML patients does not impact diease prognosis (resistant disease, disease-free survival, complete remission rate, relapse rate, induction death). PMID 15951308 · Bowen et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID71 In patients with stage IV melanoma, NRAS mutation was associated with reduced median survival compared to patients with wildtype NRAS. PMID 22180178 · Jakob et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
Amuvatinib	Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	1	accepted	EID1476 Preclinical study in melanoma cell lines. Cell lines (2-5/assay) with NRAS mutation were more sensitive to Amuvatinib (inhibitor targets multiple tyrosine kinases) than BRAF mutant cell lines in growt… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24950457 · Fedorenko et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
Belvarafenib	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID7452 In a phase1 trial, patients with advanced solid tumor harboring RAS or RAF mutation were treated with pan-RAF inhibitor Belvarafenib (HM99573/GDC-5573). In the dose-escalation cohort, 4 of 9 patients … (full text at CIViC) Open in CIViC	civic
Binimetinib	Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	5	accepted	EID2937 NEMO is an ongoing, randomised, open-label phase 3 study of patients with advanced, unresectable, AJCC IIIC/IV NRAS-mutant melanoma. 402 patients that were previously untreated or progressed on or aft… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28284557 · Dummer et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Solid NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID11674 In this NCI-MATCH trial, 47 patients harboring codon 12, 13, or 61 NRAS mutated refractory solid tumors were treated with binimetinib. Of the 47 patients, >50% of the patients had metastatic colorecta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33637626 · Cleary et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID1472 Phase II study in 71 patients with NRAS or BRAF V600 mutant melanoma treated with MEK162. Six (20%) of 30 patients with NRAS-mutated melanoma had a partial response (three confirmed). PMID 23414587 · Ascierto et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID1509 In a panel of 7 NRAS mutant melanoma cell lines, all 7 were found to be sensitive to the MEK inhibitor MEK162, whereas 3 of 5 melanoma cell lines that were wild type for BRAF and NRAS were not sensiti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24588908 · Thumar et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic