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Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis.

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Lancet Oncol2010PMID 20619739stubpubmedProvenance
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PubMed
Retrieved
Sep 8, 2026
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normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
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ING-CIVIC-20260908-000001
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Linked entities

Linked entities (54)

How each link was made (MeSH, dictionary, registry reference, curation…) and whether it has been validated. Candidate links are not counted in entity statistics.

Validated 54

Curated evidence

Evidence citing this paper (52)

50 items per page.

civicProvenance
Source
CIViC — Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer
Dataset
CIViC evidence items
Version
civic-2026-09-08
Retrieved
Sep 8, 2026
Layer
normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
Evidence
expert curation
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CC0 1.0
PMID
20619739
Run
ING-CIVIC-20260908-000001
Open at source
CuratedShowing 1–50 of 52 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.
TherapyCancerTypeLevelDirection · significanceRating (1–5)StatusEvidenceSource
BRAF D594G1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID2201

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored BRAF D594G and was wildtype for KRAS, NRAS and PI… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
BRAF Mutation1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2187

This was a retrospective study of 350 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy who had individual response data and whose tumors were K… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
BRAF V600E2
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID126

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer. Of those, 30 patients harbored BRAF V600E, were KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, a… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PanitumumabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3827

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored BRAF V600E, was wildtype for NRAS, KRAS and PIK3CA, an… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS A1461
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID3939

This was a retrospective study of 605 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy. Patients harboring KRAS codon 146 mutant tumors (n=11) … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G12A1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID4429

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 22 patients harbored KRAS G12A, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, and had individual response… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G12C1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3967

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer. Of those, 16 patients harbored KRAS G12C, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, an… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G12D2
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2207

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 76 patients harbored KRAS G12D, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, and had individual response… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PanitumumabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2193

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored KRAS G12D, was wildtype for NRAS… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G12/G131
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID134

Chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer harboring KRAS mutations (primarily G12/G13; n=230 out of 253 total KRAS mutant patients) had lower response rates (17/253; 6.7% vs K… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G12R1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3987

Three patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored KRAS G12R, were wildtype for NRAS, BRAF and PIK… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G12S1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID4006

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer. Of those, 16 patients harbored KRAS G12S, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, an… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G12V2
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2219

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 39 patients harbored KRAS G12V, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, and had individual response… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PanitumumabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3824

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored KRAS G12V, was wildtype for NRAS… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS G13D2
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3881

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 50 patients harbored KRAS G13D, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, and had individual response… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PanitumumabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2178

Three patients participating in a large retrospective study of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored KRAS G13D, were wildtype for N… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS Mutation1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance4accepted
EID3704

This was a retrospective study of 605 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy. Patients with KRAS mutant tumors (total [n = 253], codo… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS Q611
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance4accepted
EID3917

This was a retrospective study of 605 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy. Patients harboring KRAS codon 61 mutations (n=13) had a… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS Q61H1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3861

Seven patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored KRAS Q61H (either c.183A > C or >T) and were wi… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS Q61K1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3872

Two patients participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored KRAS Q61K. One patient was a 61 year old female w… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS Q61L1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3867

Two patients participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored KRAS Q61L. One patient, a 67 year old male, whose… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
KRAS Q61R1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3870

Two patients participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored KRAS Q61R and were wild type for PIK3CA, BRAF, an… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS G12C1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3845

Two patients participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored NRAS G12C and were wild type for KRAS, PIK3CA, an… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS G12D1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2002

One patient participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G12D and was wild type for KRAS, PIK3CA, and… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS G13R2
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance1accepted
EID2204

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G13R, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PanitumumabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance1accepted
EID3842

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G13R, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS Mutation1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance2accepted
EID2210

This was a retrospective study of 605 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy. Patients with KRAS wildtype, NRAS assessable tumors, an… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS Q612
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID124

In chemotherapy-refractory patients with colorectal cancer, NRAS mutation status (primarily Q61, N=13) was not informative for disease control rate, progression free survival or overall survival follo… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance2accepted
EID36

Chemotherapy-refractory patients with KRAS wt metastatic colorectal cancer harboring NRAS mutation (primarily Q61, n=10) have a significantly lower response rate to cetuximab than patients wildtype fo… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS Q61H4
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance—rejected
EID3823

In a retrospective study of 368 chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, patients with a NRAS mutation (n=13) treated with cetuximab in combination with standard chemotherapy were associa… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance2accepted
EID3690

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS Q61H was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA.… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
DactolisibMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Sensitivity Response—rejected
EID2173

In chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab-based therapy, NRAS mutations were associated with a lower objective response (7.7% vs. 38.1%, odds ratio (OR):0.14, 95% CI:… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
SelumetinibMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Sensitivity Response—rejected
EID2176

In chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab-based therapy, NRAS mutations were associated with a lower objective response (7.7% vs. 38.1%, odds ratio (OR):0.14, 95% CI:… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS Q61K1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2189

Four patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored NRAS Q61K and were wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and P… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS Q61L1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID2181

Two patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored NRAS Q61L and were wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PI… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
NRAS Q61R1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance2accepted
EID2184

Five patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored NRAS Q61R and were wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and P… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA C420R1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID1999

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA C420R and was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA E542K1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID4424

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 7 patients harbored PIK3CA E542K (exon 10), were wt for BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA, and had ind… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA E545K1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID2217

This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer. Of those, 16 patients harbored PIK3CA E545K (exon 10), were wt for BRAF, NR… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA E545Q1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID2213

Two patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored PIK3CA E545Q (exon 10), were wildtype for NRAS, B… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA E81K1
Cetuximab + Fluorouracil + OxaliplatinCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance2accepted
EID4464

Two patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored PIK3CA E81K, were wildtype for NRAS, BRAF and PIK… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA Exon 10 Mutation1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID123

In chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and KRAS wt tumors, Exon 10 PIK3CA mutations (listed as Exon 9 in the source) had no significant impact on response rate (6/21 [28… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA Exon 21 Mutation1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBSupports Resistance3accepted
EID138

Chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer harboring wildtype KRAS and Exon 21 (listed as exon 20 in the source) PIK3CA mutations had lower response rates (0/9 vs 121/329; OR: … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA G1049R1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3847

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA G1049R (exon 20), was wildtype for KRAS, B… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA H1047L1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID4432

Two patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored PIK3CA H1047L (exon 21), were wildtype for NRAS, … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA H1047R1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance3accepted
EID3841

Five patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored PIK3CA H1047R (exon 21), were wildtype for KRAS,… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA Mutation1
Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveBDoes Not Support Resistance2accepted
EID3732

This was a retrospective study of 605 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy. Patients with KRAS wildtype, PIK3CA assessable tumors, … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA N345K1
CetuximabMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCSupports Resistance1accepted
EID4047

Three patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored PIK3CA N345K, were wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA Q546K1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance2accepted
EID2198

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA Q546K (exon 10), was wildtype for KRAS, BR… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic
PIK3CA R88Q1
Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombinationMalignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADERPredictiveCDoes Not Support Resistance3accepted
EID3832

One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA R88Q, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and NRAS… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

civic