Publication
Acquired resistance and clonal evolution in melanoma during BRAF inhibitor therapy.
Authors not recorded
- Source
- PubMed
- Retrieved
- Sep 8, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Run
- ING-CIVIC-20260908-000001
Abstract
Abstract (excerpt)
Only the opening of the abstract is shown; abstract text may carry publisher copyright.
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Linked entities
Linked entities (35)
How each link was made (MeSH, dictionary, registry reference, curation…) and whether it has been validated. Candidate links are not counted in entity statistics.
Validated 35
- cancerMelanomacivic_curation1.00
- drugDabrafenibcivic_curation1.00
- drugVemurafenibcivic_curation1.00
- geneAKT1civic_curation1.00
- geneAKT3civic_curation1.00
- geneBRAFcivic_curation1.00
- geneKRAScivic_curation1.00
- geneNRAScivic_curation1.00
- genePIK3CAcivic_curation1.00
- genePIK3R2civic_curation1.00
- genePREX2civic_curation1.00
- genePTENcivic_curation1.00
- variantAKT1 E17Kcivic_curation1.00
- variantAKT1 Overexpressioncivic_curation1.00
- variantAKT1 Q79Kcivic_curation1.00
- variantAKT3 E17Kcivic_curation1.00
- variantAKT3 Overexpressioncivic_curation1.00
- variantBRAF Amplificationcivic_curation1.00
- variantBRAF intron 10 rearrangementcivic_curation1.00
- variantBRAF intron 9 rearrangementcivic_curation1.00
- variantBRAF V600civic_curation1.00
- variantBRAF V600Ecivic_curation1.00
- variantBRAF V600Kcivic_curation1.00
- variantKRAS Amplificationcivic_curation1.00
- variantKRAS G12Dcivic_curation1.00
- variantKRAS Mutationcivic_curation1.00
- variantNRAS Mutationcivic_curation1.00
- variantPIK3CA D350Gcivic_curation1.00
- variantPIK3CA E545Gcivic_curation1.00
- variantPIK3CA E545Kcivic_curation1.00
- variantPIK3CA Overexpressioncivic_curation1.00
- variantPIK3R2 N561Dcivic_curation1.00
- variantPIK3R2 Overexpressioncivic_curation1.00
- variantPREX2 R172Icivic_curation1.00
- variantPTEN Underexpressioncivic_curation1.00
Curated evidence
Evidence citing this paper (29)
- Source
- CIViC — Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer
- Dataset
- CIViC evidence items
- Version
- civic-2026-09-08
- Retrieved
- Sep 8, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Evidence
- expert curation
- License
- CC0 1.0
- PMID
- 24265155
- Run
- ING-CIVIC-20260908-000001
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKT1 E17K1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID4029In an in vitro study, a M229 cell line endogenously expressing BRAF V600E mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) and overexpressing AKT1 E17K mutation was associated with resistance to ve… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AKT1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6259An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wild-type AKT1 and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells induced to stably over-expre… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AKT1 Q79K2 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID6260In a retrospective study of 44 relapsed melanoma patients with BRAF V600E/K (known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutations), AKT1 Q79K was associated with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor (dabrafeni… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4498In an in vitro study, a M229 cell line endogenously expressing BRAF V600E mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) and overexpressing AKT1 Q79K mutation was associated with resistance to ve… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AKT3 E17K1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID4521An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype AKT3 and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells virally induced to stably ove… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AKT3 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6261An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype AKT3 and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells induced to stably over-expres… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Amplification + BRAF V600E + BRAF V600K1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + VemurafenibSubstitutes | Melanoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6262In a retrospective study of 44 relapsed melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E or V600K (known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutations), MAPK pathway reactivation mechanisms were implicated in acquired r… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF intron 10 rearrangement1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + VemurafenibSubstitutes | Melanoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6400In a retrospective study of 44 relapsed melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E or V600K (known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutations), MAPK pathway reactivation mechanisms were implicated in acquired r… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF intron 9 rearrangement1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + VemurafenibSubstitutes | Melanoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6401In a retrospective study of 44 relapsed melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E or V600K (known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutations), MAPK pathway reactivation mechanisms were implicated in acquired r… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600 + PTEN UnderexpressionBRAFPTEN1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID6271An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PTEN and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that PTEN knockdown cells (achieved via … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + KRAS G12DBRAFKRAS1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID3957In vitro studies of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype KRAS and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells virally induced to stably over… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + KRAS MutationBRAFKRAS1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + VemurafenibSubstitutes | Melanoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6264In a retrospective study of 44 relapsed melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E or V600K (known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutations), MAPK pathway reactivation mechanisms were implicated in acquired r… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + NRAS MutationBRAFNRAS1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + VemurafenibSubstitutes | Melanoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6263In a retrospective study of 44 relapsed melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E or V600K (known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutations), MAPK pathway reactivation mechanisms were implicated in acquired r… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + PIK3CA OverexpressionBRAFPIK3CA1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6275An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PIK3CA and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells induced to stably over-expr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + PIK3R2 N561DBRAFPIK3R21 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID4783An in vitro study of WM2664 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PIK3R2 and BRAF V600D (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells virally induced to stably… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600K + PREX2 R172IBRAFPREX21 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6268In a retrospective study of 44 relapsed melanoma patients harboring BRAF V600E/K (known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutations), PREX2 R172I was associated with a case of acquired resistance to BRAF inh… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CDKN2A Loss1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + VemurafenibSubstitutes | Melanoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID7679In a retrospective study, authors analyzed 100 tumor samples from 44 patients with BRAF mutant melanoma whose tumor developed acquired resistance to either vemurafenib or dabrafenib monotherapy. Among… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6317In vitro studies of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype KRAS and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF sensitizing mutation) found that cells induced to stably over-express wildtype … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS G13R1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3844In a retrospective study of 44 malignant melanoma patients, NRAS G13R was associated with acquired resistance to vemurafenib monotherapy in one patient with disease progressive tumors harboring NRAS G… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS Q61K1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3835In a retrospective study of 44 malignant melanoma patients, NRAS Q61K was associated with acquired resistance to vemurafenib monotherapy in two patients with disease progressive tumors harboring NRAS … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS Q61L1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3825In a retrospective study of 44 malignant melanoma patients, NRAS Q61L was associated with acquired resistance to vemurafenib monotherapy in one patient with disease progressive tumors harboring NRAS Q… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS Q61R1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3829In a retrospective study of 44 malignant melanoma patients, NRAS Q61R was associated with acquired resistance to vemurafenib monotherapy in three patients with disease progressive tumors harboring NRA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA D350G1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4784An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PIK3CA and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells virally induced to stably o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA E545G1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID3724An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PIK3CA and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells virally induced to stably o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA E545K1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID3722An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PIK3CA and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) used PIK3CA E545K as a positive control for … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | rejected | EID6265An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PIK3CA and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells induced to stably over-expr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3R2 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6266An in vitro study of WM2664 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PIK3R2 and BRAF V600D (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that cells induced to stably over-ex… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN WILD TYPE1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | rejected | EID6272An in vitro study of WM2664, a PTEN non-expressing and BRAF V600E mutated human melanoma cell line, associated PTEN expression with sensitivity to vemurafenib, as measured by cell survival. When treat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TF Loss1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Melanoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID6269An in vitro study of M229 (a human melanoma cell line) endogenously expressing wildtype PTEN and BRAF V600E (a known BRAF inhibitor sensitizing mutation) found that PTEN knockdown cells (achieved via … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24265155 · Shi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |