Gene

BRAF

B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

Explore in graph →CI-GENE-00022038HGNC:1097 ENSG00000157764 NCBI 673 CIViC Cancer geneApproved

Curated evidence

Clinical evidence (574)

CIViC items involving this gene, grouped by molecular profile and therapy, with native levels and directions. 50 items per page.

civicCuratedShowing 151–200 of 574 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
BRAF Mutation5
Irinotecan	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	3

Cohorts

Alteration frequency by cohort (200)

Frequency = cases affected / cases profiled within one cohort. Cohorts are never pooled.

cbioportalObserved200 cohort rows (showing 50, sorted by frequency) · frequency = affected / profiled, as published by each cohort; cohorts are not pooled. Hover a row badge for its release.

Cohort	Mapped cancer	Alteration	Affected (n)	Profiled (n)	Frequency (%)	Rank in cohort	Source
Metastatic Melanoma (MSK, JCO Precis Oncol 2017) skcm_vanderbilt_mskcc_2015	Cutaneous Melanoma	Ssm	66

Literature

Linked publications (142)

25 per page, newest first.

pubmedPublishedShowing 126–142 of 142 publications · bibliographic data as recorded by PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced.

Oncogenic BRAF Deletions That Function as Homodimers and Are Sensitive to Inhibition by RAF Dimer Inhibitor LY3009120.
· Cancer Discov · 2016 · PMID 26732095 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR.
· Nature · 2012 · PMID 22281684 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Concomitant BRAF and PI3K/mTOR blockade is required for effective treatment of BRAF(V600E) colorectal cancer.
· Clin Cancer Res · 2013 · PMID 23549875 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-Raf kinase with potent antimelanoma activity.
· Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2008 · PMID 18287029 · validated civic_curation

BRAF N486_P490del4
(functional)	—UNRESOLVED	Functional	D	Supports Gain Of Function	3	submitted	EID7563 BRAF β3-αC deletions (BRAF N486_P490del, del T488_P492del, or P490_Q494del) are kinase-activating alterations, independent of CRAF and dimerization. Theses BRAF deletions are activating through restr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26996308 · Foster et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibitor	Solid NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID7562 BRAF β3-αC deletions (BRAF N486_P490del, del T488_P492del, or P490_Q494del) are kinase-activating alterations, independent of CRAF and dimerization. Theses BRAF deletions are activating through restr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26996308 · Foster et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
Trametinib	Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID7730 In a case report, a patient with pancreatic cancer harboring BRAF N486-P490del was treated with trametinib. Within 4 weeks of initiating therapy, her serum CA19-9 had fallen from 36,000 to 8,100 U/mL,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29903880 · Aguirre et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC	civic
Vemurafenib	Solid NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID7561 BRAF β3-αC deletions (BRAF N486_P490del, del T488_P492del, or P490_Q494del) are kinase-activating alterations, independent of CRAF and dimerization. Theses BRAF deletions are activating through restr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26996308 · Foster et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF Non-V6004
(prognostic)	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Better Outcome	5	accepted	EID3046 This study of 9,643 patients characterized clinical implications of non-V600 BRAF mutations in metastatic CRC. Of the patients with metastatic CRC that underwent NGS testing, 208 patients had non-V60… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28486044 · Jones et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cobimetinib	Erdheim-Chester Disease	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	submitted	EID11298 In an open-label, phase II trial, 18 patients with histiocytosis, including 12 patients with Erdheim-Chester disease with one patient having a non-V600 BRAF mutation, of any mutational status were enr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30867592 · Diamond et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	submitted	EID11299 In an open-label, phase II trial, 18 patients with histiocytosis, including two patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, with one patient having a non-V600 BRAF mutation, of any mutational status … (full text at CIViC) PMID 30867592 · Diamond et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
Trametinib	Solid NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID7855 In a phase II basket trial (NCI-MATCH), patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies harboring BRAF non-V600 mutations were treated with trametinib. Among 50 patients assigned, 32 were eligi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31924734 · Johnson et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF Q524L2
(functional)	—UNRESOLVED	Functional	D	Does Not Support Gain Of Function	3	submitted	EID10017 BRAF mutants (Q524L, L525R, V600E) were transfected into HEK293 cells and downstream ERK phosphorylation was measured by western blot. ERK phosphorylation induced by L525R was similar to that induced … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28972961 · Shinozaki et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cetuximab	Malignant NeoplasmALIAS	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID12687 BRAF mutants (Q524L, L525R, V600E) were transfected into HEK293 cells and downstream ERK phosphorylation was measured by western blot. Treatment with cetuximab reduced phosphorylation in wild-type and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28972961 · Shinozaki et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF T599dup2
Unspecified therapy	Pilocytic Astrocytoma	Predictive	C	Supports N/A	3	submitted	EID2990 Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is emerging as a tumor entity with dysregulated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. The well-known BRAF(V600E) mutation was found in 6/64 (9.38%) of our samples. Furthermore, 2/64 (3… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21190184 · Eisenhardt et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination	Ganglioglioma	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID9789 A pediatric case of ganglioglioma was previously reported (PMID: 29434027) to harbor a BRAF p.T599dup variant (observed at VAF of 5.2%). The patient had a partial resection and was then treated with V… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33637608 · Miller et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF V60016
(diagnostic)	Melanoma	Diagnostic	B	Supports Positive	4	accepted	EID30 BRAF mutations are associated with melanoma arising in non-chronic sun damaged skin and with superficial spreading melanoma. PMID 21166657 · Lee et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
Atezolizumab + Cobimetinib + VemurafenibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	A	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID11238 In this phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 514 patients with unresectable stage IIIc–IV, BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma were randomly assigned to either 28-day cycles of… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32534646 · Gutzmer et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	A	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	submitted	EID13046 In the second interim analysis of the randomized phase III IMspire150 trial (NCT02908672), 514 patients with previously untreated unresectable stage IIIc or stage IV BRAF V600 mutation-positive melano… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36460017 · Ascierto et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID13043 In a multicenter, open-label phase Ib dose-escalation and cohort-expansion study (NCT01656642), 39 checkpoint inhibitor-naive patients with previously untreated, unresectable stage IIIC or metastatic … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31171876 · Sullivan et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID13044 In the multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase II TRICOTEL study (NCT03625141), 65 patients with previously untreated BRAF V600 mutation-positive metastatic melanoma and CNS metastases received vemu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37459873 · Dummer et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cetuximab + VemurafenibCombination	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID1598 Patients with BRAF-V600 mutated cancers were identified (n=122) and subsequently underwent targeted therapy. 27 patients with colorectal cancer were treated with vemurafenib and cetuximab (N=24 with B… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26287849 · Hyman et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cobimetinib + VemurafenibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	A	Supports Sensitivity Response	5	accepted	EID6044 In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre study, adult patients with histologically confirmed BRAF(V600) mutation-positive unresectable stage IIIC or stage IV melanoma were ran… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27480103 · Ascierto et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID1407 In the NCT00880321 trial using mutant BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib in solid tumors, 10 cases of melanoma brain metastases were assessed for dabrafenib response. In nine patients a decrease in size of met… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22608338 · Falchook et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Childhood Low Grade Glioma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID8034 This clinical trial used a cohort of 32 pediatric low grade glioma (pLGG) patients. The primary endpoint of this study was objective response rate (ORR). In this study, an ORR of 44% and a 1-year prog… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31811016 · Hargrave et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	5	accepted	EID6937 In this Phase III trial (NCT01584648 COMBI-d), 423 previously untreated patients with unresectable stage IIIC or IV BRAF V600E or V600K mutant melanoma received dabrafenib and trametinib or dabrafenib… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25265492 · Long et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID1415 In clinical trial NCT01072175, 43 patients with BRAF V600 metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) received mutant BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib. Only 12% of patients showed partia… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26392102 · Corcoran et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	2	rejected	EID1431 43 patients with BRAF V600 mutant colorectal cancer were treated with dabrafenib and trametinib. 24 patients had stable disease, 4 patients achieved partial response and one patient (not previously tr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26392102 · Corcoran et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib/Trametinib Regimen	Histiocytic Sarcoma	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID12769 An 8-year-old girl presented with secondary BRAF V600-mutant histiocytic sarcoma following T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After the poor response to initial salvage chemotherapy, the patient res… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40057687 · Tan et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	1	submitted	EID12797 A 63-year-old female patient presented with BRAF V600E-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Following three surgical resections and a new chemotherapy regimen the patient was diagnosed with lung me… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37900238 · Lee et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC	civic
Binimetinib + EncorafenibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	A	Supports Sensitivity Response	5	accepted	EID7287 In a phase 3 trial, patients with melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutation were randomly assigned to encorafenib plus binimetinib or vemurafenib or encorafenib. mPFS was 14·9 months (95% CI 11·0-18·… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29573941 · Dummer et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	submitted	EID13042 In the multicenter, open-label phase Ib/II trial NCT01543698, 55 patients with BRAF V600-mutant metastatic melanoma who had not previously received a BRAF inhibitor were treated with encorafenib plus … (full text at CIViC) PMID 32669376 · Sullivan et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC	civic