Subtype
Digestive System Carcinoma
CI-CAN-00000812Explore in graph →
- NCIt
- C96963
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00000812Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
282 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APC Mutation1 | ||||||||
| JW55 | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID445Canonical Wnt signaling in colon carcinoma cells with APC mutation was inhibited by JW55 treatment. PMID 22440753 · Waaler et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion + KRAS WildtypeNRG1KRAS1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7493Whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic analysis were performed on 47 advanced PDAC patients. 3/47 patients were KRAS wildtype and all three of these cases harbored a NRG1 fusion. In a 54-year-old … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31068372 · Jones et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ARID2 R1273* (c.3817C>T)1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predisposing | D | Supports Predisposition | 3 | submitted | EID8051Mutation of ARID2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is often seen. There is about 6/16 of the truncated mutations found at the C2H2 domain (zinc finger) and about 16/24 mutations show that this domain… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32071245 · Jiang et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATM R2034Ter1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID13230A 77 year old man with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with somatic ATM R2034Ter mutation received off label olaparib after prior chemotherap. His disease remained stable for 18 months. PMID 40273902 · Vornhülz et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATM Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID878Low ATM protein expression led to sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in TP53 -ve gastric cancer cell lines (8 lines were used for various aspects of this study). PMID 24841718 · Kubota et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5858In a single patient with presumed cholangiocarcinoma a novel ATP1B1-NRG1 gene fusion was detected. Integrative genome analysis was used to assess the potential functional significance of the gene fusi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28950338 · Jones et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion + KRAS WildtypeNRG1KRAS1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7492Whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic analysis were performed on 47 advanced PDAC patients. 3/47 patients were KRAS wildtype and all three of these cases harbored a NRG1 fusion. A 59-year-old met… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31068372 · Jones et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AURKA Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Alisertib + CisplatinCombination | Esophageal AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | E | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID456Antitumour effect of alisertib treatment in esophageal adenocarcinomas can be intensified in combination with cisplatin. PMID 22302096 · Sehdev et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AURKA EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Cisplatin + Fluorouracil + Radiation TherapyCombination | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1653A retrospective study examining the expression of AURKA in tumor samples of 78 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients found that positive expression of AURKA (>10% of cells by IHC) was correlated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25924824 · Tamotsu et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AURKA Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Alisertib + CisplatinCombination | Esophageal AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID9627The efficacy of novel AURKA inhibitor alisertib (MLN8327) was tested alone or in combination with cisplatin in three esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines (FLO-1, OE19 and OE33) that overexpress AURKA.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22302096 · Sehdev et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AXL EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID1655Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors from 116 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma found that expression of AXL was associated with increased progression of the tumor (P < 0.0001), increased risk of d… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27172793 · Hsieh et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V6001 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID5905Eight patients with BRAF V600 (7 with V600E, 1 with V600 unknown) mutated cholangiocarcinoma received vemurafenib. Only one patients showed partial response and duration of response of this patient wa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26287849 · Hyman et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E7 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID12446Cell growth of several BRAF mutant cell lines were analyzed in response to treatment with increasing concentrations of cetuximab (0-300nM). Cell lines with activating BRAF mutations were insensitive, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7453In NCI-MATCH trial, patients with advanced solid tumors, lymphoma or multiple myeloma harboring BRAF V600E mutation were treated with dabrafenib and trametinib. Patients with melanoma, thyroid carcino… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| 〃 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | |||
| BRAF V600E + High1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1940In a study of 468 colorectal adenocarcinoma 61 patients had micro-satellite instability (MSI) and there was a marginally statistically significantly better prognosis for BRAF WT (n=26) patients relati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27302369 · Schell et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + Low1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colon Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID120725577 colon carcinoma tumors were evaluated for BRAF, KRAS, and mismatch repair status. From those successfully evaluated, 201 had microsatellite instability (MSI or MSI-H) and BRAF V600E, 72 had MSI a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28040692 · Taieb et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRCA1 Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID7384In the phase 3 POLO trial patients who had germline BRCA1/2 mutation and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma that had not progressed during first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were allocated to ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31157963 · Golan et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRCA1 Mutation + BRCA2 Mutation + PALB2 MutationBRCA2BRCA1PALB21 | ||||||||
| Rucaparib | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11317In this phase II study, 46 patients were enrolled (42 were evaluable; 27 gBRCA2, seven gBRCA1, six gPALB2, and two sBRCA2) and their chemotherapy was discontinued; patients then received rucaparib 600… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33970687 · Reiss et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRCA2 Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID7385In the phase 3 POLO trial patients who had germline BRCA1/2 mutation and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma that had not progressed during first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were allocated to ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31157963 · Golan et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CCNE1 Overexpression2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric Adenosquamous Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | rejected | EID364Elevated levels of CCNE1 mRNA has been shown to be correlated with advanced stage gastric carcinoma. PMID 10224221 · Donnellan et al., 1999 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Gastric Adenosquamous Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID365Elevated levels of CCNE1 mRNA has been shown to be correlated with increased depth of tumor invasion in gastic carcinoma. PMID 10224221 · Donnellan et al., 1999 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CD274 Expression1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1275465 gastric cancer samples and 15 corresponding liver metastases underwent IHC for PD1/PD-L1 protein expression. PD-L1 positivity in tumor cells was defined by at least 2% tumor cells with membranous … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27009855 · Böger et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CD44 CD44v61 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | submitted | EID9407In a meta-analysis including nine trials with a total of 942 patients, high CD44v6 expression is significantly associated with a decrease in survival outcome (HR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.88). PMID 25887688 · Fu et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CD44 CD44v6+/CD44s-1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID9433In a multivariate analysis from a clinical trial of 101 patients, CD44v6 expression combined with CD44s non-expression is significantly correlated with a reduced survival (p= 0.003). PMID 24708709 · Li et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CDH1 MUTATION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | E | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1682285 intestinal-type tumors and 183 diffuse-type tumors were evaluated for mutational profiles. CDH1 mutations are associated with diffuse type mucinous gastric carcinoma, which indicate worse prognos… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27313181 · Rokutan et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CDK9 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Dinaciclib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID9312This preclinical study elucidated the potential varying efficaciousness of cyclin dependent Kinase inhibitor (CDK) dinaciclib. When forcing overexpression of differing CDKs (CDK1 and 9). Overall Hepat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31561409 · Shao et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CDKN2A Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Palbociclib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID7300In a phase 2 trial, patients with gallbladder cancer or bile duct cancer with CDKN2A loss or mutation were received palbociclib. Among 10 patients, no overall response or stable disease at 16 weeks we… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| CDKN2A RS38149601 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1635124 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with radical resection were genotyped using MassArray. The TC/CC genotype of p14ARF at rs3814960 had decreased overall survival (HR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.3… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27414035 · Li et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CEACAM1 CEACAM1-L1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID9606In a clinical study including 128 patients, CEACAM1-L dominant expression is significantly associated with decreased recurrence-free survival rate by a multivariate analysis (p = 0.04). Moreover CEACA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24390710 · Kiriyama et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BEND2 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Neuroendocrine CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID9219A 35 year-old patient presented with a grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and liver metastasis. Whole genome sequencing and RNAseq revealed a previously undescribed somatic translocation between … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31160355 · Williamson et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CIP2A EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1117Expression of the protein CIP2A was investigated in 72 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 27 cases of adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant difference in expression … (full text at CIViC) PMID 26894380 · Xu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CIP2A Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1118Researchers studied the effect of CIP2A expression in relation to gemcitabine sensitivity via SW1990 cell lines. SW1990 cells with CIP2A expression knocked-down displayed lower IC50 (p=.024), indicat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26894380 · Xu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CLDN18 positive2 | ||||||||
| CAPOX Regimen + ZolbetuximabCombination | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID12216In the phase 3 GLOW trial (NCT03653507), 507 patients with CLDN18.2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomized 1:1 to receive either zolbetuximab combined with CAPOX … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37524953 · Shah et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FOLFOX-6 Regimen + ZolbetuximabCombination | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID12215In the phase 3 SPOTLIGHT trial (NCT03504397), 565 patients with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive either zolbetuximab combined with mFOLFOX6 (n=283) or placebo with m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37068504 · Shitara et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CXCR4 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Docetaxel | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID949CXCR4 expression as assessed by microarray analysis, was associated with resistance to docetaxel in 11 cancer cell lines (R^2 = 0.23, p = 0.019). Expression levels (by qtPCR) were also higher in resis… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20651371 · Xie et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PRKACA Fusion3 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Fibrolamellar Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 5 | accepted | EID532RT-PCR and FISH assays were developed for the detection of rearrangements of the PRKACA locus. A total of 106 primary liver tumors were studied by RT-PCR (26 fibrolamellar carcinomas, 25 conventional … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25698061 · Graham et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Fibrolamellar Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID405A head-to-tail in-frame fusion between exon1 of DNAJB1 and exon2 of PRKACA resulting from a ~400kb deletion was observed in 100% (15/15) fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas examined. The fusion wa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24578576 · Honeyman et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Fibrolamellar Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | |||
| DNMT1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Cisplatin | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID946High DNMT1 expression was found in 105/127 (83%) or patients (by qPCR assay). Low DNMT1 expression was associated with improved histopathological and clinical response and OS in patients with gastric … (full text at CIViC) PMID 21458988 · Mutze et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Amplification2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Barrett AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID470In patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma, those with amplification of EGFR had shorter disease-specific survial. PMID 20840671 · Marx et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID6927This retrospective analysis of a Phase 2 trial shows significant association between increased EGFR gene copy number (≥ 4.0) and overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric and oesophago-gastric ju… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22152101 · Luber et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Amplification + SEPTIN14 FusionSEPTIN14EGFR2 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID11003A case report of a 49 year old female with gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, in whom a genomic screen of cf tumour DNA revealed an EGFR::SEPT14 fusion at a VAF of 45.3%. The fusion was confirmed by … (full text at CIViC) PMID 33969073 · Kim et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID10913Case report describing a 63-year-old patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma. He started treatment with XELOX and bevacizumab. After findings of disease progression, they changed to bevacizumab and FOL… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32162810 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Alteration + EGFR Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Lenvatinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID12052The ctDNA of 46 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed to investigate whether EGFR alterations could lead to lenvatinib resistance. Among these patients, 16 had been treated with lenvatin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36708791 · Lim et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR EGFRVIII1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID11116Case report describing a 63-year-old patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma with disease progression after treatment with XELOX-bevacizumab and bevacizumab-FOLFIRI. After the detection of EGFR aberrat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32162810 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 12 minutes agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| accepted |
EID5902Chemotherapy-refractory, metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with CNS involvement and a BRAF V600E mutation had a partial response at 8 weeks to dabrafenib and trametinib combination with complete radiologi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28480077 · Kocsis et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5903Two cases of patients with BRAF V600E positive, refractory intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma showed excellent clinical and radiographic response to combination dabrafenib and trametinib treatment. One p… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28078132 · Lavingia et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5904Dabrafenib and trametinib combination showed durable response for a patient with standard chemotherapy and radiation refractory, poorly differentiated, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring BRAF V… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25435907 · Loaiza-Bonilla et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib/Trametinib Regimen | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12811A 78-year-old Chinese female patient presented with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy. Following the second incomplete cycle of ch… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41367868 · Liu et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Irinotecan + Panitumumab + VemurafenibCombination | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5906A 31 year old patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with BRAF V600E was treated with vemurafenib, panitumumab and irinotecan triplet therapy. By 2 months, 50% reduction of tumor volume was noted,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26687137 · Silkin et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| accepted |
EID754The DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion was detected in 79% (58/73) of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas assayed. PMID 25557953 · Cornella et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC |
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