Cancer Family
Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000023Explore in graph →
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000023Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
2,011 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIT M541L2 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Does Not Support Positive | 4 | accepted | EID485M541L mutation was not associated with CML in caucasian patients, and was common among healthy controls (8.1%), in contrast to a previous study in a Japanese CML patient population in which M541L was … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16307017 · Krüger et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib | Chronic Leukemia | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1423In 5 patients with KIT M541L mutation-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia (4 somatic and 1 germline mutation), treatment with low dose imatinib resulted in complete and lasting remission with a med… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25015329 · Iurlo et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT Mutation2 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID8576This is a prospective clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of adding dasatinib to chemotherapy (cytarabine-daunorubicin/HiDAC) in patients with Core Binding Factor (CBF) AML (i.e RUNX1-RUNX1… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32092139 · Marcucci et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Nilotinib | Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID5573Compared to non-treated control cells, Kasumi-1 cells (KIT-mutated cell lines) that were exposed to nilotinib (30 uM) showed a 60% reduction in colony numbers. Further evidence to support cell death i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28720666 · Shen et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT N822K4 | ||||||||
| Imatinib Mesylate | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID6958Finally, although reports suggested and our study confirmed that D816 mutations were resistant to Gleevec (26), our results clearly show that t(8;21) leukemic cells carrying N822K mC-KIT, the most fre… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15650049 · Wang et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Ponatinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID7379In this preclinial trial, the AML cell line Kasumi-1 with c-KIT N822K mutation was treated with Ponatinib. This drug effectively inhibits both KIT phosphorylation and viability for Kasumi-1 cells at I… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21482694 · Gozgit et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sorafenib + SunitinibSubstitutes | ||||||||
| KIT RS37335421 | ||||||||
| Selumetinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1136Patients with relapsed/refractory AML or 60 years old or more with untreated AML were enrolled on a phase II study of selumetinib and analyzed for mutations in KIT, NRAS, KRAS and FLT3. KIT mutation a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24178622 · Jain et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT V560G2 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4134In an in vitro study, the recombinant KIT V560G mutation kinase was associated with increased sensitivity to bosutinib treatment (IC50: 181nM), as compared to wild-type KIT kinase (IC50: 6313nM). Sens… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19039322 · Remsing Rix et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4135In an in vitro study, the recombinant KIT V560G mutation kinase was associated with increased sensitivity to dasatinib treatment (IC50: 1.5nM vs 93.0nM), as compared to wild-type KIT kinase. Sensitivi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19039322 · Remsing Rix et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT V654A2 | ||||||||
| Bosutinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4149In an in vitro study, the recombinant KIT V654A mutation was associated with increased sensitivity to bosutinib treatment (IC50:132 nM), as compared to wild-type KIT kinase (IC50: 6313 nM). Sensitivi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19039322 · Remsing Rix et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4150In an in vitro study, the recombinant KIT V654A mutation was associated with increased sensitivity to dasatinib treatment (IC50: 4.2nM vs, 93.0nM), as compared to wild-type KIT kinase. Sensitivity was… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19039322 · Remsing Rix et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KLF2 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Diffuse Large B-Cell LymphomaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | EID11957This gene was identified as recurrently mutated in an analysis of 574 DLBCL exomes PMID 29641966 · Schmitz et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KLHL14 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Diffuse Large B-Cell LymphomaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | EID11958This study sequenced 73 DLBCL tumors (34 with matched constitutional DNA) and reported 322 genes they deemed recurrently mutated. Only genes that have been confirmed by other similar studies were adde… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23292937 · Zhang et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KLHL6 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Diffuse Large B-Cell LymphomaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | EID11924This study used a combination of RNA-seq, whole genome and targeted sequencing to identify recurrently mutated genes in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. They reported 30 genes that had si… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21796119 · Morin et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ABI1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID9750In this study of pediatric cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comparing the prognosis of several recurrent translocation partners for the KMT2A/MLL gene at 11q23, the the specific MLL-ABI1 fusion g… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19528532 · Balgobind et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AFDN Fusion2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | submitted | EID9748In this study of pediatric cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comparing the prognosis of several recurrent translocation partners for the KMT2A/MLL gene at 11q23, the specific MLL-AF6 fusion gene (… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19528532 · Balgobind et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Childhood Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID8515This is a large international retrospective study of the association between fusion partner and outcome in 756 children with KMT2A-rearranged (also known as MLL-rearranged) AML from 11 study group inc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19528532 · Balgobind et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2A Amplification1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | E | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | submitted | EID10071KMT2A is not a frequent finding. This study evaluate patients with this condition (n= 37 patients) detected by cytogenetics studies in the setting of AML/MDS. All patients showed a complex karyotype. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31425921 · Sakhdari et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MLLT10 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID9749In this study of pediatric cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comparing the prognosis of several recurrent translocation partners for the KMT2A/MLL gene at 11q23, the specific MLL-AF10 fusion gene … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19528532 · Balgobind et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MLLT3 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | A | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID8500Based on the 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemia and in Supplemental Table 1 (PMID: 27069254), referencing Balgobind et al (PMID: 1952… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2A Rearrangement3 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | B Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 5 | submitted | EID8601B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(v;11q23.3);KMT2A rearranged, is a well- defined subgroup in the current WHO classification of hematologic malignancies. PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID8600KMT2A, also called MLL (MIXED- LINEAGE-LEUKAEMIA) gene is mapped to chromosome band 11q23, a region of recurrent rearrangements in acute leukemias. Collectively, acquired abnormalities in the 11q23 re… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12057554 · Pui et al., 2002 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Menin Inhibitor + VTP50469Substitutes | Acute Leukemia | Predictive | D | |||||
| KMT2A Translocation1 | ||||||||
| Revumenib | Acute Leukemia | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID12214In the phase I/II trial AUGMENT-101 (NCT04065399), 94 patients (71 adults and 23 children under 18 years) with KMT2A-rearranged acute leukemia received at least one dose of revumenib. Among them, 78 p… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39121437 · Issa et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2A Fusion8 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with KMT2A RearrangementALIAS | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID1029In this publication, the 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia is discussed. The MLL-MLLT3 translocation, along with other MLL tra… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19357394 · Vardiman et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with KMT2A RearrangementALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12413In this 2018 study the authors include 1,023 young people diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The age at presentation for the participants ranged from 0 to 29 years (median of 10 years). The … (full text at CIViC) PMID 29227476 · Bolouri et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with KMT2A Rearrangement | |||||||
| KMT2C Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Diffuse Large B-Cell LymphomaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID11959The rate of KMT2C/MLL3 mutations reported in DLBCL was above 20% in the Zhang study but much lower in other studies (around 5%). Although the mutations do continue to be observed, the relevance and fr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23292937 · Zhang et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2D Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Follicular Lymphoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID435MLL2 was found to be the most frequently mutated gene in a sample of 31/35 follicular lymphoma patients and was not mutated in normal centroblast samples. Furthermore, MLL2 mutations were as frequentl… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21796119 · Morin et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2D mutation5 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Diffuse Large B-Cell LymphomaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | civic | |
| 〃 | Burkitt Lymphoma | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11835More common in DLBCL but also mutated in BL PMID 30617194 · Grande et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Mantle Cell Lymphoma | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11871[the study] identified 25 significantly mutated genes, including known drivers such as ataxia-telangectasia mutated (ATM), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and the tumor suppressor TP53; mutated genes encoding the … | |
| ASNS Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Asparaginase | T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/LymphomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID5926Fusion of the KMT2E promoter with the complete coding sequence of ASNS was observed in two relapsed ETP-ALL patients treated with l-asparaginase. The variant was shown to significantly increase ASNS e… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28069604 · Khater et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS A146T1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Lymphoma | Predisposing | D | Supports Pathogenic | 4 | submitted | EID7165A146T variant activates the transforming potential of the c-K-ras gene. DNA from the neutron-induced lymphoma containing the A146T varinat generated three independent nude mouse tumors containing addi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 2403644 · Sloan et al., 1990 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G123 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Multiple Myeloma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID487In a retrospective study of 439 patients with multiple myeloma enrolled in a clinical trial, 28 had mutations in KRAS (22/28 in G12/G13). Those with KRAS (but not NRAS) mutations had worse overall (me… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18528420 · Chng et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (diagnostic) | Acute Leukemia | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID8Children with early age leukaemia who had second hand smoke exposure are more likely to harbor KRAS mutation. PMID 24571676 · Andrade et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Multiple Myeloma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID377The presence of KRAS mutations in MM patients is prognostic for shorter overall and progression free survival. | |
| KRAS G12A4 | ||||||||
| Melphalan | Multiple Myeloma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2009In a study of patients receiving melphalan-based therapy, those with KRAS codon 12 mutations were less likely to have a positive response than those with wildtype KRAS (26.9% vs. 58.3%, P=0.015). PMID 19284554 · Greco et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Multiple Myeloma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2010Activating mutations in KRAS or NRAS were observed more frequently in multiple myeloma patients than in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) (31% vs. 5% ). Another stu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 11524732 · Bezieau et al., 2001 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Multiple Myeloma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | ||
Data updated 23 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Does Not Support Sensitivity Response |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID7370In a preclinical trial, the AML cell line Kasumi-1 with the KIT mutation N822K was treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) ponatinib, sorafenib, and sunitinib. Ponatinib was much more effect… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21482694 · Gozgit et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC |
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| Sunitinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID7371In a preclinical trial, Kasumi-1 AML cell lines with the KIT mutation N822K were treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) ponatinib, sorafenib, and sunitinib. Ponatinib was much more effectiv… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21482694 · Gozgit et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 5 |
| submitted |
EID7819Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models derived from patients with either MLL-r acute myeloid leukemia or MLL-r acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) showed dramatic reductions of leukemia burden when tre… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31821784 · Krivtsov et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC |
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| Diagnostic |
| B |
| Supports Positive |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID12414In this 2024 study the authors included patient data from 1256 children (aged less than 19 years) across 15 different countries diagnosed with KMT2A rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML). KMT2A rear… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38621200 · van Weelderen et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with KMT2A RearrangementALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12415In this 2023 publication the authors include 3401 KMT2A rearranged leukemia samples obtained from different diagnostic centers worldwide, and subject them to DNA sequence analyses. Of these patients, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37019990 · Meyer et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(v;11q23.3); KMT2A RearrangedALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12473In this study, the authors used long-distance inverse PCR and sequencing to comprehensively analyze KMT2A (MLL) gene rearrangements in 2,345 acute leukemia patients, including those with B-lymphoblast… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28701730 · Meyer et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(v;11q23.3); KMT2A RearrangedALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12474In this publication, the authors conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of 2,754 pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases using integrated whole genome, exome, and transcriptome sequenci… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36050548 · Brady et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma with t(v;11q23.3); KMT2A RearrangedALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12475In this publication, the diagnostic significance of KMT2A rearrangements in B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) is explored. The study reveals that KMT2A fusions are not restricted to lymphoid l… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38686611 · Aypar et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EPZ004777 | Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID7582KMT2A (MLL) gene encodes a transcriptional co-activator harboring a SET domain with H3K4 histone methyl transferase activity which mediates chromatin modifications associated with epigenetic transcrip… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21741596 · Daigle et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
PMID 24145436 · Beà et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC
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| 〃 | Mantle Cell Lymphoma | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11892Through a meta-analysis of exome and whole genome sequencing data, this study identified 18 genes that were significantly enriched for mutations in MCL (including KMT2D). PMID 32160292 · Pararajalingam et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Mantle Cell Lymphoma | Prognostic | E | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID11896This study did not confirm a previous reported association between KMT2D mutation status and outcome (Supplemental Figure 5) PMID 32160292 · Pararajalingam et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
PMID 18528420 · Chng et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC
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Activating mutations in KRAS or NRAS were observed more frequently in multiple myeloma patients than in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) (31% vs. 5% ). Another stu… (full text at CIViC)
PMID 15339850 · Rasmussen et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC
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| 〃 | Multiple Myeloma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2012In in vitro experiments, myeloma cell lines expressing activating NRAS and KRAS mutations are less sensitive to the apoptosis-inducing effects of dexamethasone, doxorubicin, and melphalan in compariso… (full text at CIViC) PMID 11050000 · Rowley et al., 2000 · Open in CIViC | civic |