Cancer Family
Carcinoma
CI-CAN-00000114Explore in graph →
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000114Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
2,354 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NRG1 Fusion + KRAS WildtypeNRG1KRAS1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7493Whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic analysis were performed on 47 advanced PDAC patients. 3/47 patients were KRAS wildtype and all three of these cases harbored a NRG1 fusion. In a 54-year-old … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31068372 · Jones et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ARAF S214C3 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID17In one patient with S214C mutation, the use of sorafenib has led to more than 5 years of survival and near remission. PMID 24569458 · Imielinski et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID40Sorafenib can inhibit ARF-mediated MEK phosphorylation and soft agar colony formation of AALE cells expressing ARAF S214C in vitro. PMID 24569458 · Imielinski et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trametinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | |||||
| AREG Expression4 | ||||||||
| Unspecified therapy | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | rejected | EID84747 HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab/docetaxel were retrospectively analyzed for EGFRvIII, EGFR and AREG expression with IHC. 45% of cases expressed high level of AREG. High AREG expression in tum… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21653686 · Tinhofer et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + DocetaxelCombination | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID84647 HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab/docetaxel were retrospectively analyzed for EGFRvIII, EGFR and AREG expression with IHC. 45% of cases expressed high level of AREG. High AREG expression in tum… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21653686 · Tinhofer et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Crizotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| ARID1A Loss1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | EID13135Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is a relatively chemotherapy-refractory ovarian cancer subtype with a comparatively stable genome and a well-recognized association with endometriosis, but the somatic alt… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20942669 · Wiegand et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ARID1A Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID5676This study included 290 patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma whose tumor tissues were sampled and then analyzed. These samples were then divided according to ARID1A expression after immunohis… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25628030 · Park et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ARID2 R1273* (c.3817C>T)1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predisposing | D | Supports Predisposition | 3 | submitted | EID8051Mutation of ARID2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is often seen. There is about 6/16 of the truncated mutations found at the C2H2 domain (zinc finger) and about 16/24 mutations show that this domain… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32071245 · Jiang et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AR W7421 | ||||||||
| Bicalutamide | Prostate Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID448LNCaP-FGC cells with mutations at codon 741 (W741C, W741L) were able to use bicalutamide as an AR agonist, promoting cell growth and increased prostate-specific antigen secretion. PMID 12517791 · Hara et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TFE3 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Renal Cell Carcinoma with MiT Translocations | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | rejected | EID11529Argani, et al. (2001) included eight morphologically distinctive renal cell carcinomas with the t(X;17) translocation as seen in alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), with the distinction that the t(X;17… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28766250 · Ju et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Renal Cell Carcinoma with MiT Translocations | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID11532Argani, et al. (2001) included eight morphologically distinctive renal cell carcinomas with the t(X;17) translocation as seen in alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), with the distinction that the t(X;17… (full text at CIViC) PMID 11438465 · Argani et al., 2001 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATM Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID5995Bi-allelic Atm deletion in mouse models of Kras-mutant lung adenocarcinoma does not affect cisplatin responses. In marked contrast, Atm-deficient tumors displayed an enhanced response to the topoisome… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28363999 · Schmitt et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATM Mutation3 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID8505This study (PMID 32343890) by de Bono et al, is a randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial evaluating the PARP inhibitor olaparib in 387 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32343890 · de Bono et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Rucaparib | Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID13268In the exploratory ATM subgroup of the randomized phase III TRITON3 trial, 103 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harboring germline or somatic deleterious ATM alterations w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36795891 · Fizazi et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Enzalutamide + TalazoparibCombination | Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma | Predictive | ||||||
| ATM R2034Ter1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID13230A 77 year old man with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with somatic ATM R2034Ter mutation received off label olaparib after prior chemotherap. His disease remained stable for 18 months. PMID 40273902 · Vornhülz et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATM Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID878Low ATM protein expression led to sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in TP53 -ve gastric cancer cell lines (8 lines were used for various aspects of this study). PMID 24841718 · Kubota et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5858In a single patient with presumed cholangiocarcinoma a novel ATP1B1-NRG1 gene fusion was detected. Integrative genome analysis was used to assess the potential functional significance of the gene fusi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28950338 · Jones et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion + KRAS WildtypeNRG1KRAS1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7492Whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic analysis were performed on 47 advanced PDAC patients. 3/47 patients were KRAS wildtype and all three of these cases harbored a NRG1 fusion. A 59-year-old met… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31068372 · Jones et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATR Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Enzalutamide + TalazoparibCombination | Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12217In the phase 3 TALAPRO-2 trial 805 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer were enrolled and randomized to talazoparib or placebo plus enzalutamide treatment. Patients were tested for homol… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37285865 · Agarwal et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATXN7 Q39P1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Thyroid Gland Carcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9861Mutations in the polyglutamine domain of ATXN7 were identified in a forward genetic screen of HRAS G12V mutant thyroid follicular cells using a transposon-based mutagenesis system. Thyroid cancer-deri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28584132 · Montero-Conde et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AURKA Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Alisertib + CisplatinCombination | Esophageal AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | E | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID456Antitumour effect of alisertib treatment in esophageal adenocarcinomas can be intensified in combination with cisplatin. PMID 22302096 · Sehdev et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AURKA EXPRESSION2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Ovarian Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID416In patients with ovarian carcinomas, those with Aurora kinase A expression (as measured by immunohistochemistry) had increased progression-free and overall survival compared to those without expressio… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19157502 · Mendiola et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cisplatin + Fluorouracil + Radiation TherapyCombination | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1653A retrospective study examining the expression of AURKA in tumor samples of 78 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients found that positive expression of AURKA (>10% of cells by IHC) was correlated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25924824 · Tamotsu et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AURKA Overexpression4 | ||||||||
| Alisertib + CisplatinCombination | Esophageal AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID9627The efficacy of novel AURKA inhibitor alisertib (MLN8327) was tested alone or in combination with cisplatin in three esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines (FLO-1, OE19 and OE33) that overexpress AURKA.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22302096 · Sehdev et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cisplatin | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID871High levels of Aurora-A expression (retrospectively assessed by IHC in 102 NSCLC patients) predicted poorer overall survival and progression free survival in a population treated with surgery and cisp… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25082261 · Xu et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Paclitaxel | ||||||||
| AURKB Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Alisertib + Barasertib + CopanlisibCombination | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10836Concurrent inhibition of both AURKB (and AURKA) and PI3K is synergistic in NOTCH1-wild type and NOTCH-1 mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. In NOTCH1-wt cell lines, the co… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36169922 · Shah et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AXL EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID1655Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors from 116 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma found that expression of AXL was associated with increased progression of the tumor (P < 0.0001), increased risk of d… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27172793 · Hsieh et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| B4GALT1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Renal Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1278438 patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal carcinoma were were retrospectively analysed for B4GALT1 expression via IHC. High B4GALT1 expression was associated with poor overall survival (P<0.00… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27092876 · Xie et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Fexagratinib | Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID9243Phase II study (NCT02465060) from NCI-MATCH Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol W addressed the use of AZD4547 (an FGFR 1-3 inhibitor) in 48 tumor patients carrying FGFR 1-3 variants. Partial responses were ob… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32463741 · Chae et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BAP1 Loss1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Kidney CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID5930BAP1 loss sensitized cells to the PARP inhibitor olaparib. In addition, BAP1-deficient cells were more sensitive to ionizing radiation. PMID 22683710 · Peña-Llopis et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BAP1 Mutation4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID459In patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, in a multivariate analysis those with mutations in BAP1 had worse overall survival than wild-type. PMID 23797736 · Sato et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Renal Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID460In patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, in a multivariate analysis those with mutations in BAP1 had worse overall survival than wild-type. PMID 23797736 · Sato et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | accepted | ||
| BAP1 Q267fs1 | ||||||||
| Niraparib | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID11199A patient with Clear cell renal cell carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib, axitinib, and everolimus was found to harbor a BAP1 frameshift mutation described as c.799_800del (p.Q267fs). Based o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35875073 · Lian et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BARD1 G320*1 | ||||||||
| Carboplatin + GemcitabineCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID13253A patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring a somatic homozygous BARD1 G320* stop-gain alteration and an RBBP8 exon 3–4 duplication was classified as homologous recombination deficient by HRDetect an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36964191 · Tsang et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BARD1 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID11209This randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial evaluated the PARP inhibitor olaparib in 387 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had disease progression while receiving a n… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32343890 · de Bono et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BCL2L11 Deletion Polymorphism1 | ||||||||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID1281The BIM (BCL2L11) deletion polymorphism was identified in an EGFR Mutant NSCLC cell line with resistance to EGFR-TKI (HCC2779). Introduction of this polymorphism in a previously EGFR-inhibitor sensiti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22426421 · Ng et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BIRC5 NUCLEAR EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Platinum Compound + Taxane CompoundCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID874Patients with nuclear survivin (BIRC5) expression had significantly better responses to taxane-platinum chemotherapy than those with low tumor N-survivin expression (P < 0.001) in a retrospective anal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24961465 · Wu et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BIRC5 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID144913 HER2 breast cancer patients were treated with trastuzumab and then trastuzumab + docetaxel prior to surgery. Pretreatment biopsies and post-treatment surgical samples were obtained, and microarray … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23204226 · Chakrabarty et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BIRC7 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | E | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID8314The results proposes a potential that BIRC7 represses PTC cell autophagy, causing increase in the migration and mtastatic ability of these cells PMID 32064154 · Liu et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CUL1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibitor | Ovarian Serous AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1662One patient with low-grade serous ovarian cancer had an in-frame fusion between the BRAF kinase domain and CUL1 identified by panel sequencing (MSK-IMPACT), with expression confirmed by whole-transcri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26324360 · Grisham et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF D594E1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7573Non-V600 BRAF mutations occur frequently in NSCLC. While BRAF D594E results in impaired kinase activity, it can induce MEK/ERK activation in the presence of RAF1 (CRAF). BEAS-2B lung epithelial cell l… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28947956 · Noeparast et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF D594N1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID8820Non-V600 BRAF mutations occur frequently in NSCLC. While BRAF D594N results in impaired kinase activity, it can induce MEK/ERK activation when expressed in HEK293T cells in the presence of RAF1 (CRAF)… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28947956 · Noeparast et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 21 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID41Trametinib can inhibit ARF-mediated ERK phosphorylation and soft agar colony formation of AALE cells expressing ARAF S214C in vitro. PMID 24569458 · Imielinski et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Predictive |
| B |
| Supports Resistance |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID781Five patients with acquired resistance to crizotinib showed high concentration of amphiregulin in malignant pleural effusions. PMID 23344087 · Kim et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID780A cell line (DFCI076) with EML1-ALK fusion and resistance mutation L1152R showed no response to ALK inhibition with crizotinib or TAE684. There was co-dependancy on AKT and EGFR-signaling and inhibiti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21791641 · Sasaki et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| B |
| Does Not Support Sensitivity Response |
| 1 |
| submitted |
EID11736This phase 3 study evaluated the PARP inhibitor talazoparib in combination with the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide as a first-line treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38049622 · Fizazi et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC |
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| Cervical AdenocarcinomaCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Resistance |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID457In the cervial andenocarcinoma cell line HeLa, when AURK-A was overexpressed, the cells were resistant to the apoptotic effects of Taxol. PMID 12559175 · Anand et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Platinum Compound | Ovarian Serous AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1650A study of 41 patients with high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma found that high expression levels of AURKA correlated with poorer overall survival (P = 0.001; HR 0.14) and platinum therapy resistance … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27209210 · Mignogna et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
EID461In patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, those with nonsilent mutations of BAP1 had worse overall survival than wild-type. PMID 23792563 · 2013, Nature · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Everolimus + SunitinibSequential | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID5339This study evaluated the effects of everolimus and sunitinib on patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A total of 220 patients with RCC were evaluated for 341 genes at 540x coverage. Of all 22… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27751729 · Hsieh et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |