Gene

BRAF

B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

Explore in graph →CI-GENE-00022038HGNC:1097 ENSG00000157764 NCBI 673 CIViC Cancer geneApproved

Curated evidence

Clinical evidence (574)

CIViC items involving this gene, grouped by molecular profile and therapy, with native levels and directions. 50 items per page.

civicCuratedShowing 201–250 of 574 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
BRAF V60017
Binimetinib + EncorafenibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted

Cohorts

Alteration frequency by cohort (200)

Frequency = cases affected / cases profiled within one cohort. Cohorts are never pooled.

cbioportalObserved200 cohort rows (showing 50, sorted by frequency) · frequency = affected / profiled, as published by each cohort; cohorts are not pooled. Hover a row badge for its release.

Cohort	Mapped cancer	Alteration	Affected (n)	Profiled (n)	Frequency (%)	Rank in cohort	Source
Metastatic Melanoma (MSK, JCO Precis Oncol 2017) skcm_vanderbilt_mskcc_2015	Cutaneous Melanoma	Ssm	66

Literature

Linked publications (142)

25 per page, newest first.

pubmedPublishedShowing 1–25 of 142 publications · bibliographic data as recorded by PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced.

Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation.
· N Engl J Med · 2011 · PMID 21639808 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib.
· N Engl J Med · 2015 · PMID 25399551 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib in advanced BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma (coBRIM): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
· Lancet Oncol · 2016 · PMID 27480103 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Encorafenib plus binimetinib versus vemurafenib or encorafenib in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma (COLUMBUS): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.
· Lancet Oncol · 2018 · PMID 29573941 · validated

BRAF Amplification + BRAF V6001
Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID7677 In a retrospective study, authors analyzed BRAF V600 mutated melanoma metastases derived from 10 patients treated with the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib for resistance mechanisms and geneti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25452114 · Long et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF Amplification + BRAF V6001

Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination

Melanoma

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID7677

In a retrospective study, authors analyzed BRAF V600 mutated melanoma metastases derived from 10 patients treated with the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib for resistance mechanisms and geneti… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 25452114 · Long et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC

BRAF V600D5
BRAF Inhibitor	Melanoma	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID7616 In a retrospective study from 20 institutes in 4 countries, the efficacy of BRAF inhibitor and/or MEK inhibitor in patients with melanoma harboring BRAF nonV600E/K mutations were evaluated. Treated wi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31580757 · Menzer et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
BRAF Inhibitor + Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase InhibitorCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID7629 In a retrospective study from 20 institutes in 4 countries, the efficacy of BRAF inhibitor and/or MEK inhibitor in patients with melanoma harboring BRAF nonV600E/K mutations were evaluated. Treated wi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31580757 · Menzer et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	5	accepted	EID94 Patients with other BRAF V600 mutations also respond well to the V600E drug dabrafenib. PMID 23463675 · Ponti et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC	civic
Vemurafenib	Melanoma	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID4489 In an in vitro study, the WM2664 and WM239A cell lines expressing BRAF V600D were associated with increased sensitivity to vemurafenib treatment, as compared to cell lines expressing BRAF wild-type. S… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20551065 · Yang et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID4488 In an in vitro study, WM2664, a BRAF V600D expressing cell line, demonstrated improved sensitivity to vemurafenib treatment, compared to BRAF wild-type expressing cells. Sensitivity was determined by … (full text at CIViC) PMID 18287029 · Tsai et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF V600E25
(diagnostic)	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Diagnostic	B	Supports Positive	5	accepted	EID80 Thyroid nodule with BRAF V600E mutation is highly correlated with papillary thyroid cancer. PMID 24570209 · Crescenzi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
(prognostic)	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Does Not Support Poor Outcome	5	accepted	EID102 Unlike other studies that suggest a poorer outcome, BRAF mutation in this study was not correlated with poorer prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer. PMID 24354346 · Walczyk et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	5	accepted	EID103 V600E is associated with adverse pathological features of colorectal cancer. This can be concluded as a marker of poor prognosis. PMID 24594804 · Chen et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	5	accepted	EID656 In patients with papillary thyroid cancer harboring both BRAF V600E and the TERT promotor mutation C228T (N=35), recurrence-free survival is worse than in patients harboring one of these mutations (N=… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25024077 · Xing et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
(diagnostic)	Hairy Cell Leukemia	Diagnostic	B	Supports Positive	4	accepted	EID1127 In 47 patients with Hairy Cell Leukemia, sequencing discovered a V600E mutation in all 47 of the sequenced patients. PMID 21663470 · Tiacci et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
(prognostic)	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	4	accepted	EID2137 In a study of 102 papillary thyroid cancer patients with a 15 year median follow-up time, those with BRAF V600E mutations had reduced overall survival compared to those with wildtype BRAF (P=0.015, lo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18682506 · Elisei et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	4	accepted	EID7156 Patients with completely resected colorectal adenocarcinoma (Stage II-III) were treated with fluorouracil and leucovorin +/- ironotecan. Of the 1,307 FFPE samples tested, V600E was observed in 31 Stag… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20008640 · Roth et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	4	accepted	EID7157 The CRYSTAL Phase III Trial evaluated efficacy of irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRI) with or without Cetuximab for colorectal cancer patients who presented with unresectable metastatic… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21502544 · Van Cutsem et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Childhood Low Grade Glioma	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	4	accepted	EID7191 Using Sanger sequencing, BRAFV600E mutations were identified in 21 of 285 patients with PLGGs (7.4%). This mutation was enriched in hemispheric tumors (p<0.007) and was associated with shorter progres… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29948154 · Yang et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	4	accepted	EID9170 Clinical study including 219 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to determine a correlation between the BRAF V600E mutation and poor oncological outcome. This study found that 107 of the 219 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16174717 · Xing et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC	civic
(functional)	—UNRESOLVED	Functional	B	Supports Gain Of Function	4	submitted	EID13052 In this study, immunofluorescence analysis of treatment-naive melanoma biopsies from 6 patients with BRAF-mutant tumors and 7 patients with BRAF wild-type tumors demonstrated significantly more cortac… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27210749 · Lu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
(diagnostic)	Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm	Diagnostic	B	Supports Positive	3	accepted	EID79 BRAF V600E is shown to be associated with the tall-cell variant of papillary thyroid cancer. PMID 21594703 · Howell et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
(prognostic)	Melanoma	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID104 BRAF V600E is correlated with shorter disease-free and overall Survival in a Spanish cohort of melanoma patients. PMID 24388723 · Nagore et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID105 BRAF mutation correlated with poor prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer in both older (>65 yo) and younger (<65 yo) cohorts. PMID 21594703 · Howell et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID106 BRAF V600E is correlated with poor prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer in a study of 187 patients with PTC and other thyroid diseases. PMID 24396464 · He et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID107 V600E is correlated with disease recurrence in both age cohorts (>65 and <65 yo). PMID 21594703 · Howell et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Multiple Myeloma	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID463 In patients with multiple myeloma, those with BRAF V600E had shorter overall survival than wild-type. PMID 23612012 · Andrulis et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID1552 In a study of 908 patients with colorectal cancer, 45 patients had BRAF V600E mutations and 589 patients were BRAF wild type. BRAF V600E mutations were more likely to be proximal tumors (68.9%, 20.7%… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27404270 · Amaki-Takao et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID2116 In a study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received 5-FU-based first-line chemotherapy, those with BRAF V600E mutations had reduced progression-free survival (4.3mo vs. 12.5mo, HR:4.9, 95… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS	Prognostic	B	Supports Poor Outcome	3	accepted	EID2503 In a meta-analysis of 8 studies, papillary thyroid cancer patients with BRAF V600E mutation had a higher frequency of recurrence and persistent disease compared to those with wildtype BRAF (28.5% vs.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21882184 · Kim et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
(oncogenic)	Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13014 A systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 studies comprising 978 patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reported a pooled prevalence of BRAF V600E of 33% (95% CI, 26%–40%). When cases with… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39086414 · Behnagh et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13015 Targeted next-generation sequencing of 11 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) with matched normal tissue identified BRAF V600E in 10 of 11 tumors (91%), making BRAF the most frequently mutated gene i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26980298 · Jeon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	rejected	EID13016 Comprehensive genomic profiling of 68 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) identified BRAF alterations in 10.3% of tumors. BRAF mutations were more common in ATCs with a concurrent or prior papillary … (full text at CIViC) PMID 40674659 · Trivedi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC	civic
(prognostic)	Melanoma	Prognostic	B	Does Not Support Poor Outcome	2	accepted	EID82 BRAF status does not predict outcome in patients treated with dacarbazine or temozolomide. PMID 24586605 · Meckbach et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Prognostic	C	Does Not Support Poor Outcome	2	accepted	EID2362 This study examined outcomes of 240 rectum cancer patients treated with total mesorectal excision therapy. Tumor samples were obtained at the time of surgery and genotyped for BRAF exon 15 mutations. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19903786 · He et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC	civic