Histology
Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
CI-CAN-00002109Explore in graph →
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Histology
CI-CAN-00002109Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,033 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation10 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID11391A 60-year old woman (non-smoker) was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma after finding a 5.7 x 5.1 cm left pleural-based mass with multiple invasions. The patient was put on carboplatin and pe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27987579 · Dong et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11399A 77-year-old Caucasian woman (previous smoker) was diagnosed with stage IV adenocarcinoma with pleural disease. She received six cycles of carboplatin/pemetrexed which was followed by pemetrexed main… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30762593 · Wang et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11401A 62-year old Asian man (non-smoker) was diagnosed with stage IV adenocarcinoma with pleural metastases. He received pemetrexed, docetaxel, nivolumab, and gemcitabine. Genetic testing revealed MET exo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30762593 · Wang et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID4786In a never-smoking metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring a MET splice site mutation (c.2887-18_2887-7del12) treated with crizotinib monotherapy, was associated with a response as evident … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25769807 · Jenkins et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cabozantinib + CrizotinibSequential | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11410A 77-year old woman was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma harboring a MET exon 14 skipping mutation after PET-CT scans showed a right upper lobe mass, right hilar enlarged lymph nodes, and multiple b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33530219 · Qin et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Savolitinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11474A 49-year old female (non-smoker) presented with a 3.8 x 2.9 cm mass that was diagnosed as Stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma. Genetic testing revealed a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, to which the patien… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36052259 · Fu et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Tepotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11465A 56-year old male (smoker: 50 pack-years) was diagnosed with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma. Patient underwent four cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed and maintenance therapy with pemetrexed but was … (full text at CIViC) PMID 33387444 · Tanaka et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11476A 57-year female (non-smoker) was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma via pleural fluid cytology. After multigene testing revealed MET exon 14 skipping mutation, the patient was switched from cisplatin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36810936 · Ikeo et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11464A 75-year old woman presented with lung adenocarcinoma (stage IVA) to which next-generation sequencing revealed METex14del. The patient was put on crizotinib (500 mg/day) and showed partial response f… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33533182 · Takamori et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11477A 60-year old male (smoker: 38 pack-years presented with stage IIB lung adenocarcinoma. After receiving an upper lobectomy, the left lobar lymph node was pathologically positive and received cisplati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37228358 · Onodera et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CD274 Overexpression + MET Exon 14 Skipping MutationCD274MET5 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID11396A 71-year old woman (non-smoker) was diagnosed with poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma following immunohistochemistry of tumor cells and biopsy staining. High PD-L1 expression was also confirme… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30600919 · Baba et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Carboplatin + PemetrexedCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11397A 71-year old woman (non-smoker) was diagnosed with poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma following immunohistochemistry of tumor cells and biopsy staining. High PD-L1 expression was also confirme… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30600919 · Baba et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Tepotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | |||||||
| MET D1228N + MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID11413A 70-year old male (former smoker: 50 pack-years) was diagnosed with stage Ib lung adenocarcinoma. Next-generation sequencing showed a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, confirmed later with RNA analysis.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34994615 · Pruis et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation + MET Y1230C1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID11389A 67-year old Asian female (non-smoker) diagnosed with stage IV metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and also presented with superior vena cava syndrome and weight loss. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of lymph no… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27666659 · Ou et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation + MET Y1230H1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID11392A 71-year old male (non-smoker) was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma. Genomic profiling of a lung cavity showed MET exon 14 skipping mutation and the patient began crizotinib therapy. Treat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28629543 · Schrock et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Foretinib | Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID796In a retrospective analysis of 74 patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma, treated with foretinib, MET germline mutation was associated with improved response rate. A response was observed in 5 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23213094 · Choueiri et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Rilotumumab | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID5835In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, 609 patients with MET+ (expression of at least 1+ intensity on 25% or more tumor cells) gastric cancer or gastroesophageal adenocarc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28958504 · Catenacci et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET R988C + MET T1010I1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Small Cell Carcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11370Patient small-cell lung cancer cells with c-MET juxtamembrane mutations (R988C or T1010I) were shown to have increased tyrosine phosphorylated cellular proteins such as paxillin, a focal adhesion cyto… (full text at CIViC) PMID 14559814 · Ma et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Splice Site (c.3025_3028+5del)1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11393A 69-year old male (50 year history of smoking) was diagnosed with stage IIIC lung adenocarcinoma after a 13.2 x 8.8 x 9 cm mass with multiple lymph node metastases were found in a CT scan. Next-gener… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29381967 · Tan et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Splice Site (c.3028+2T>C)1 | ||||||||
| Capmatinib + TepotinibSubstitutes | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11412A 72-year old man (non-smoker) was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and developed multiple recurring brain and lung metastases. Systemic chemotherapy was administered, and genomic analysis of the su… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34695875 · Kunimasa et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Y1003H1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7860In one patient with metastastic lung adenocarcinoma harboring a c-Cbl binding site alteration (Y1021H) deomonstrated radiological response to crizotinib and a PFS of 10.6 months. PMID 31809977 · Wiesweg et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Y1003S1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11402A 61-year old female (non-smoker) was diagnosed with stage IIIb adenocarcinoma of the left lung. Next-generation sequencing of the peripheral blood revealed MET Y1003S mutation. The patient was treate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30885356 · Miao et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MGMT Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| Temozolomide | Neuroendocrine Tumor | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID2904Among those patients who received temozolomide-based therapy in this study, the median progression-free survival for patients whose tumors showed intact MGMT expression was 9.3 months compared with 19… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19118063 · Kulke et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MMP2 SERUM LEVELS1 | ||||||||
| Bevacizumab | Breast Inflammatory CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1156MMP2 serum levels were assessed (ELISA) at baseline (b) and before surgery in 45 available samples from patients with inflammatory breast cancer treated with bevacizumab-based neoadjuvant therapy. Hig… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26921265 · Tabouret et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MMP9 SERUM LEVELS1 | ||||||||
| Bevacizumab | Breast Inflammatory CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1157MMP9 serum levels were assessed (ELISA) at baseline (b) and before surgery in 45 available samples from patients with inflammatory breast cancer treated with bevacizumab-based neoadjuvant therapy. Low… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26921265 · Tabouret et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| CDKN2A Underexpression + MTAP UnderexpressionMTAPCDKN2A1 | ||||||||
| Pemetrexed | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12723In a retrospective cohort of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma from the BATTLE-2 trial (n = 72), patients with CDKN2A and MTAP co-underexpression tumors (n = 26; representative for 9p21 loss) demonstrate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35379845 · Alhalabi et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MTHFR A222V1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Prostate Adenocarcinoma | Predisposing | B | Supports Protectiveness | 4 | accepted | EID1756Study of 1817 prostate adenocarcinoma cases and 2026 cancer free controls to clarify the association of (MTHFR)c.677C>T (and c.1298A>C ) of prostate cancer risk in a population of Han Chinese in Shang… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27819322 · Wu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MTOR Gain-of-Function1 | ||||||||
| MTOR Inhibitor | Renal Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID5839In a retrospective study of 79 RCC patients treated with diverse rapalogs (mTOR inhibitors) inactivating TSC1 and TSC2-mutations and activating MTOR-mutations were significantly more common in respons… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26831717 · Kwiatkowski et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MTOR Q2223K1 | ||||||||
| Temsirolimus | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4522In an in vitro study, HEK293T cells expressing MTOR Q2223K, demonstrated sensitivity to temsirolimus treatment, comparable to HEK293T cells expressing wild-type MTOR. Sensitivity was determined by ass… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24622468 · Voss et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MYC Overexpression2 | ||||||||
| Ganetespib | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10151Collectively data from expression analysis of 102 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) sample tissues established MYC and HSP90 as potential targets with overexpression of MYC observed in over ha… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32308431 · Guan et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cisplatin + Olaparib + PrexasertibCombination | Lung Small Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID3003A preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy of targeting the overexpressed CHEK1 cell cycle chekpoint kinase, including both miRNA and Prexasertib-induced inhibition. Both in vitro and in vivo, Prexa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28490518 · Sen et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NCOA3 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Anti-PDL1 Therapy + PD-1 Ligand InhibitorSubstitutes | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12626In a retrospective cohort analysis of colon adenocarcinoma treated with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors from the MSKCC ICIs-treated COAD dataset (n = 76; NCOA3-mutant n = 7, NCOA3-wild-type n … (full text at CIViC) PMID 40215778 · Liu et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NEDD9 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1059IHC was performed in 123 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and their adjacent normal liver tissues for protein expression of HEF1 (NEDD9). Overexpression of HEF1 protein was observed in HCC tissue when… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26893853 · Li et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| High1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID13207In a cohort of 178 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas, high neoantigen burden was significantly associated with improved disease-free survival compared with low ne… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30824826 · Chae et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NFE2L2 Mutation3 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID12559In a mutational analysis of 1,145 primary cancers, NFE2L2 (NRF2) mutations occurred predominantly in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the esophagus (11.4%), skin (6.3%), lung (15.8%), and larynx (13… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19967722 · Kim et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sapanisertib | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7425In a phase 2 trial, patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma harboring NFE2L2 mutation were treated with oral TORC1/2 inhibitor TAK228. ORR 25% (1 PR, 3 SD, 0 PD). | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7446In an NCI-CTEP phase 2 trial, patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma with NFE2L2 mutations were treated with TORC1/2 inhibitor TAK-228. The response rate was 29% (2/7)and disease control rate was … | |
| NOTCH1 Loss-of-function2 | ||||||||
| Bimiralisib | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13292In a phase II, nonrandomized, single-arm trial (NCT03740100), 8 patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC harboring NOTCH1 mutations predicted to cause loss of function received bimiralisib after prior… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36124629 · Johnson et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Porcupine Inhibitor WNT974 | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1525In an evaluation of 96 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, 31 were responsive to LGK974 (PORCN inhibitor). Of 40 cell lines (25 responsive, 15 non-responsive) that were exome seq… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24277854 · Liu et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF D594G + BRAF V600E + KRAS MutationBRAFKRAS1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11060The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NQO1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| NSC84167 | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID12560In preclinical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models with high NQ01 expression, which indicates the NFE2L2 (NRF2) pathway activation, the small molecule NSC84167 (NSLC01, 50 mg/kg) selectivel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34247201 · Dai et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NR4A2 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| C-DIM 12 + GemcitabineCombination | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID12649In pancreatic cancer cell lines MiaPaCa2 and Panc1, gemcitabine 1 μmol/L induced NR4A2/NURR1 expression and triggered cytoprotective autophagy, while both CRISPR-mediated NR4A2 knockout and the NR4A2 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 35582016 · Zarei et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATG12 Overexpression + ATG7 Overexpression + NR4A2 OverexpressionNR4A2ATG7ATG121 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID12650In a retrospective TCGA PDAC (tumors n = 179, normals n = 171), high ATG7 expression was significantly associated with poorer survival on Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = 0.013), and high ATG12 expression s… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35582016 · Zarei et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NR4A3 rearrangement1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12030In this study, using genome sequencing the authors identified a t(4;9)(q13;q31) in six acinic cell carcinoma cases (AciCCs). The 4q13 breakpoints were at the secretory Ca-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30664630 · Haller et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS G13V1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID3035From 31 patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas evaluated for mutations in RAS, BRAF, and EGFR genes, only 2 RAS mutated samples (6.5%) were identified. Patients with NRAS p.G12D (c.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28259104 · Picard et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Mutation + KRAS Mutation + NRAS MutationKRASNRASBRAF1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID11061The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS Q611 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Follicular CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports N/A | 3 | accepted | EID497In patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma, those with mutations in NRAS at codon 61 did not have significantly different overall survival than patients with wild-type NRAS (p=0.36). PMID 22650231 · Fukahori et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 21 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| submitted |
EID11463A 77-year old woman presented with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with MET exon 14 skipping mutation and PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 90%. Pembrolizumab was given but progressed after 1 year. Lepto… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34590003 · Ninomaru et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11460A 75-year old female (non-smoker) was diagnosed with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma harboring PD-L1 overexpression (tumor proportion score = 90%). After preliminary treatments became resistant and were… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35252894 · Hashiguchi et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11695A 86-year old male (former smoker) presented to the hospital after an accidental fall. PET/CT confirmed lung adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid transformation. Immunohistochemical evaluation and next-gen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37840886 · Inno et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
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