Histology
Adenocarcinoma
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Histology
CI-CAN-00000403Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
841 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIK3CA Mutation8 | ||||||||
| Capecitabine + LapatinibCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID8705In a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT00829166), metastatic HER-2 amplified breast cancer patients whose tumors harbored PIK3CA mutations treated with standard of care capecitabine and lapatinib combination… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26920887 · Baselga et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Capivasertib | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1504HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines with PIK3CA mutation BT474c (K111N) and HCC-1954 (H1047R) were used to establish mouse tumor xenografts. In BT474c xenografts, three dosing schedules of AZ… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22294718 · Davies et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Everolimus | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1296Archival tumor samples from 549 patients from the BOLERO-1 and -3 trials were analyzed for alterations in the PI3K pathway using next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Sanger seque… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27091708 · André et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Nab-paclitaxel | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID13086Targeted NGS of 17 genes was utilized to assess alterations in pre-treatment tumour biopsy samples of HER2+ breast cancers from the prospective GeparSepto (G7) trial of anti-HER2 therapy (trastuzumab/… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41974716 · Van Mackelenbergh et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Pertuzumab/Trastuzumab Regimen | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID13085Targeted NGS of 17 genes was utilized to assess alterations in pre-treatment tumour biopsy samples of HER2+ breast cancers from the prospective GeparSepto (G7) trial of combination trastuzumab plus pe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41974716 · Van Mackelenbergh et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2098In a retrospective study of 105 HER2-positive metastic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapy, the presence of a PIK3CA mutation (E542K, E545K, or H1047R) was associated with a … (full text at CIViC) PMID 21594665 · Razis et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1384The HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cell line BT-474 transduced with mutant PIK3CA H1047R demonstrated essentially normal proliferation under trastuzumab, while control cells showed negligible proli… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17936563 · Berns et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab Emtansine | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID8536In a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT00829166), metastatic HER-2 amplified breast cancer patients whose tumors harbored PIK3CA mutations treated with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; n=40) were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26920887 · Baselga et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA Overexpression4 | ||||||||
| Dactolisib | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID8269In a preclinical study, efficacy of NVP-BEZ235 (dactolisib) monotherapy was evaluated in vitro against HER2 amplified breast cancer cell line BT474 with retrovirally induced PIK3CA amplification. Auth… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19010894 · Eichhorn et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Lapatinib | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID8268In a preclinical study, efficacy of lapatinib monotherapy was evaluated in vitro against HER2 amplified breast cancer cell lines (BT474 and SKBR3) with retrovirally induced PIK3CA expression. Authors … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19010894 · Eichhorn et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Lapatinib + TrastuzumabCombination | ||||||||
| POLD1 C284Y1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4776In a retrospective study of 34 non-small cell lung cancer patients, a lung adenocarcinoma patient with POLD1 deleterious (as determined by Polyphen or SIFT) C284Y mutation and a high nonsynonymous mut… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25765070 · Rizvi et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLD1 Y956N1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4771In a retrospective study of 34 non-small cell lung cancer patients, a lung adenocarcinoma patient with POLD1 deleterious Y956N mutation (as determined by Polyphen or SIFT), treated with pembrolizumab … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25765070 · Rizvi et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE4 A59E1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4775In a retrospective study of 34 non-small cell lung cancer patients, a lung adenocarcinoma patient with POLE4 deleterious A59E mutation (as determined by Polyphen or SIFT), treated with pembrolizumab m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25765070 · Rizvi et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE R1233*1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Endometrial AdenocarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Does Not Support Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID12525Studies submitted to cBioPortal (including 164 TCGA studies) were evaluated for POLE variants co-occurring with features of POLE-mutated tumors and co-occurring B2M variants. A single individual with … (full text at CIViC) PMID 29320758 · Voutsadakis, 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PROM1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID926CD133 (PROM1) expression in 39 samples of hepatocellular carcinomas was correlated with JNK activity. Both were more highly expressed in patients not responding to sorafenib. CD133+ cells (sorted) wer… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22596232 · Hagiwara et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PSMB8 NUCLEAR EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1051Microarray expression data from 48 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed for genes differentially expressed with regard to overall survival. Expression of 294 and 116 genes was enriched i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26894977 · Kwon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN Deletion1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Prostate Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID505In a study of 107 prostate adenocarcinomas, those with either hemi- or homozygous deletions of PTEN (as determined by interphase FISH) have shorter biochemical recurence-free survival than those witho… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17700571 · Yoshimoto et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN Expression1 | ||||||||
| Everolimus + FulvestrantCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID1624Case report of a 44-year-old patient with recurrent HER2-positive breast cancer. The primary tumor was HR positive; however, the metastatic tumor was HR negative. The patient was resistant to classica… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27445490 · Sun et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN Loss12 | ||||||||
| Dactolisib + Lapatinib + TrastuzumabCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID8280In a preclinical study, efficacy of NVP-BEZ235 (dactolisib), lapatinib, and trastuzumab combination therapy was evaluated in vitro against HER2 amplified breast cancer cell line BT474 with shRNA-induc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19010894 · Eichhorn et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Everolimus | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1297Archival tumor samples from 549 patients from the BOLERO-1 and -3 trials were analyzed for alterations in the PI3K pathway using next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Sanger seque… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27091708 · André et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Alpelisib + Enzalutamide + PI3Kbeta Inhibitor AZD8186Combination | Prostate Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1522Castrated mice bearing androgen-sensitive human prostate adenocarcinomas (LNCaP tumors) were treated with PI3K inhibitors (AZD8186, BYL719) and an androgen receptor inhibitor (MDV3100). Mice treated … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25544636 · Schwartz et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTPN12 Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib + SunitinibCombination | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID6931Cancer-associated mutation of PTPN12 or reduced PTPN12 protein leads to aberrant activity of several tyrosine kinase receptors (MET, PDGFRβ, EGFR, and others). Restoring PTPN12 protein levels restrain… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29578538 · Nair et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTPN6 Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | D | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID6390SHP-1 has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in hematopoietic cancers. Reduced SHP-1 expression in HCC correlates to aggressive tumor behavior resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. PMID 29776962 · Wen et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PXDNL P1460T1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4773In a retrospective study of 34 non-small cell lung cancer patients, a lung adenocarcinoma patient with PXDNL deleterious P1460T mutation, treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy, was associated with a … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25765070 · Rizvi et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RAF1 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9113Through the histological examination of 25 patient tumor samples with hepatocellular carcinoma, the efficacy of postoperative sorafenib treatment may be correlated with higher levels of c-Raf-1 expres… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26981887 · Lei et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RB1 Loss-of-function3 | ||||||||
| Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitor AZD7762 | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12330A drug screen of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines found several therapies to be synthetically lethal with RB1 loss of function. Cell lines with endogenous expression of RB1 (BT20, MB453… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29386107 · Witkiewicz et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gemcitabine | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12329A drug screen of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines found several therapies to be synthetically lethal with RB1 loss of function. Cell lines with endogenous expression of RB1 (BT20, MB453… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29386107 · Witkiewicz et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Volasertib | ||||||||
| RB1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Doxorubicin + Fluorouracil + Gemcitabine + MitomycinSubstitutes | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1324In Capan-1 cell lines engineered to reduce pRB expression (by transfection with p16), resensitization to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was observed. The effect was asserted to be specific to pRB depl… (full text at CIViC) PMID 11792751 · Plath et al., 2002 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET Overexpression2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID7056ASCL1 and RET mRNA levels were examined by microarray analysis in lung cancer samples. High expression of RET (RET-high) correlated with shorter overall survival compared to the RET-low group in patie… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24037524 · Kosari et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sunitinib | Papillary Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1518A 78-year-old man presented with oral papillary adenocarcinoma and lung metastases that were refractory to standard treatment. Tumor sequencing showed increased MAPK activity due to RET over-expressi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20696054 · Jones et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RICTOR Amplification2 | ||||||||
| Onatasertib + SapanisertibSubstitutes | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1440Study describes an 18 year old never smoker patient presenting with lung adenocarcinoma. A genomic profiling assay (FoundationOne) revealed a 7-copy amplification of RICTOR as the only somatic alterat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26370156 · Cheng et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vistusertib | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID1915Tumor samples from 640 patients with metastatic solid tumors were prospectively analyzed with a next-generation sequencing assay to identify molecular targets. 13 (2%) of 640 patients had a RICTOR-aam… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28028034 · Kim et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RIT1 A77P1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID9830RIT1 mutations were identified in lung adenocarcinoma tumors lacking typical driver gene mutations. RIT1 A77P was expressed in NIH3T3 cells and induced colony formation in soft agar. Similarly, RIT1 A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24469055 · Berger et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RIT1 A77S1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID9831RIT1 mutations were identified in lung adenocarcinoma tumors lacking typical driver gene mutations. RIT1 A77S was expressed in NIH3T3 cells and induced colony formation in soft agar. Similarly, RIT1 A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24469055 · Berger et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RIT1 F82L1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID9834RIT1 mutations were identified in lung adenocarcinoma tumors lacking typical driver gene mutations. RIT1 F82L was expressed in NIH3T3 cells and induced colony formation in soft agar. Similarly, RIT1 F… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24469055 · Berger et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RIT1 M90I1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID9825RIT1 mutations were identified in lung adenocarcinoma tumors lacking typical driver gene mutations. RIT1 M90I was expressed in NIH3T3 cells and induced colony formation in soft agar. Similarly, RIT1 M… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24469055 · Berger et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RIT1 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Pictilisib + SelumetinibSubstitutes | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID742RIT1 mutations were identified in approx. 2% of lung adenocarcinomas (5/87 in the "oncogene negative" samples of TCGA - no RIT1 mutations were observed in 143 samples with a known driver mutation). GD… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24469055 · Berger et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 2 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID8270In a preclinical study, efficacy of lapatinib and trastuzumab combination therapy was evaluated in vitro against HER2 amplified breast cancer cell lines (BT474 and SKBR3) with retrovirally induced PIK… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19010894 · Eichhorn et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC |
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| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID8267HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines (BT-474 and SKBR3) were retrovirally transduced with wildtype PIK3CA and treated with trastuzumab. PIK3CA overexpression diminished the growth inhibitory effects… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19010894 · Eichhorn et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 1 |
| accepted |
EID8012As part of a preclinical study, the efficacy of PI-103 was evaluated for several cell lines of breast cancer. Sensitivity and resistance was categorized as less than and more than an IC50 of 1umol/L, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 20453058 · O'Brien et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC |
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| PI3Ka/Di | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID8022As part of a preclinical study, the efficacy of PI3KA/Di—a selective inhibitor for the α and δ subunits of class I PI3K—was evaluated for several cell lines of breast cancer. Sensitivity and resistanc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20453058 · O'Brien et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Pictilisib | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2045This preclinical study tested the efficacy of GDC-0941, a selective inhibitor of class I PI3K, on several cell lines of breast cancer. Sensitivity and resistance was categorized as less than and more … (full text at CIViC) PMID 20453058 · O'Brien et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1385A subgroup of HER2-positive breast cancer patients that received first-line trastuzumab treatment were assessed for PTEN loss via IHC of FFPE samples. 46 samples showed PTEN loss while 41 did not, and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20813970 · Esteva et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1386While some reports indicate PTEN loss is associated with resistance to trastuzumab, in a subgroup of HER2 breast cancer FFPE samples from patients receiving trastuzumab as later line therapy (second o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20813970 · Esteva et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2035In a retrospective study of 111 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapy, PTEN loss (as measured by IHC) was associated with shorter survival as measured … (full text at CIViC) PMID 21594665 · Razis et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1383A large-scale RNAi genetic sereen in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cell line BT-474 was performed to discover genes whose loss induced trastuzumab resistance. The most prominently enriched gene in… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17936563 · Berns et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab Emtansine | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID8706In a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT00829166), metastatic HER-2 amplified breast cancer patients whose tumors had decreased, slightly decreased, or absent PTEN expression (assessed by IHC) treated with ad… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26920887 · Baselga et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Lapatinib + TrastuzumabSubstitutes | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID864In 48 patients with advanced gastric cancer, retrospectively analyzed for PTEN expression using IHC, PTEN loss was associated with a shorter duration of response (median 4.2 vs. 6.1 months, p = 0.04) … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25300346 · Zhang et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PI3K/BET Inhibitor LY294002 + TrastuzumabCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1455Knockdown of PTEN in trastuzumab sensitive HER2 breast cancer BT474 cells induced trastuzumab resistance. PTEN null cells treated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 also did not show substantial inhibition,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15324695 · Nagata et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 3 |
| submitted |
EID12331A drug screen of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines found several therapies to be synthetically lethal with RB1 loss of function. Cell lines with endogenous expression of RB1 (BT20, MB453… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29386107 · Witkiewicz et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC |
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