Histology
Adenocarcinoma
CI-CAN-00000403Explore in graph →
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Histology
CI-CAN-00000403Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
841 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF1 Mutation + RIT1 MutationRIT1NF11 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 5 | submitted | EID11373This study contained 230 patients with untreated lung adenocarcinoma. Whole-exome sequencing of tumor cells yielded that RTK/RAS/RAF based mutations to be 62%. However, analysis shows that NF1 mutatio… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25079552 · 2014, Nature · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RIT1 Q40L1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Does Not Support Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID9829RIT1 mutations were identified in lung adenocarcinoma tumors lacking typical driver gene mutations. RIT1 Q40L was expressed in NIH3T3 cells and did not induce colony formation in soft agar greater tha… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24469055 · Berger et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RIT1 Q79L1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID9827RIT1 mutations were identified in lung adenocarcinoma tumors lacking typical driver gene mutations. RIT1 Q79L, a known activating mutation, was expressed in NIH3T3 cells and induced colony formation i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24469055 · Berger et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 D2033N1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4770In a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patient with a CD74-ROS1 gene fusion (a known sensitizing alteration to crizotinib) and a D2033N mutation in the ROS1 portion of the CD74-ROS1 gene fusion, D2033N w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26673800 · Drilon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 G2032R1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID2934Resistance to crizotinib developed in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring a CD74-ROS1 rearrangement who had initially shown a dramatic response to treatment. A biopsy of a resistan… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23724914 · Awad et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 Fusion + ROS1 G2032R1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID1100Resistance to crizotinib developed in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring a CD74-ROS1 rearrangement who had initially shown a dramatic response to treatment. An acquired G2032R mut… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23724914 · Awad et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 G2032R + ROS1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| DS-6501b | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7538In preclinical models, DS-6051b inhibited tumour growth and phospho-ROS1 levels in CD74-ROS1 G2032R mutant Ba/F3 cells. Similar results were seen in the crizotinib-resistant patient derived MGH047-4 c… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31399568 · Katayama et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RPS6 PHOSPHORYLATION1 | ||||||||
| Everolimus | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID93054 patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with everolimus. Two patient responsed and potential biomarkers were explored. High pre-treatment expression of phosphorylated RPS6 (pS6; at Ser24… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22343617 · Yoon et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SCN8A Q225X1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4772In a retrospective study of 34 non-small cell lung cancer patients, a lung adenocarcinoma patient with SCN8A deleterious Q427* mutation, treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy, was associated with a d… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25765070 · Rizvi et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5859In patient with lung adenocarcinoma an SDC4-NRG1 gene fusion was detected. Integrative genome analysis was used to assess the potential functional significance of the detected gene fusion, prioritizin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28950338 · Jones et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1690In an evaluation of a patient and never smoker with crizotinib-sensitive lung adenocarcinoma, an SDC4-ROS1 rearrangement was identified using comprehensive genomic profiling. The patient attained a de… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25922291 · Le et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SDHB Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Metformin + VandetanibCombination | Hereditary Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID7959Vandetanib in Combination With Metformin is tested in Phase II trial in People With HLRCC or SDH-Associated Kidney Cancer or Sporadic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma PMID 27325049 · Sidana et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + GefitinibCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID10899Case report describing a patient with NSCLC and EGFR(ex25)::Intergenic Region of SEC61G(breakpoint 32 aa downstream of SEC61G) fusion and concurrent EGFR amplification with treatment response to a com… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34342091 · Zhang et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SETD2 Loss2 | ||||||||
| Anti-PD1 Monoclonal Antibody + ATR InhibitorCombination | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12580In preclinical RCC models (n ≈ 5/group), Setd2 loss enhanced sensitivity to the ATR inhibitor VE822 (60 mg/kg orally, 5 days/week) and anti–PD-1 antibody (100 µg intraperitoneally, every 3 days) reduc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37527013 · Liu et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Akt Inhibitor MK2206 + PI3Kbeta Inhibitor AZD8186 + TGX221Substitutes | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12581In clear cell RCC, SETD2 loss predicts sensitivity to PI3Kβ pathway inhibition: SETD2-deficient 786-0 and SETD2-mutant A498 cells treated with PI3Kβ inhibitors TGX221 or AZD8186 showed reduced viabili… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31695846 · Terzo et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SLC29A1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID10145Surgically resected PDACs were used to create tissue microarrays, which were scored for antibody staining of hENT1 (SLC29A1). For patients treated with gemcitabine (n=243), high levels of hENT1 were a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22705007 · Maréchal et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion3 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Mucinous Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID7489A 42 year old nonsmoker with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma that was wild-type for EGFR, KRAS, ROS1, and ALK, was found to have re-arranged NRG1. Treatment with afatanib resulted in rapid symptomatic … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28502724 · Gay et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7491A 42 year old nonsmoker with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma that was wild-type for EGFR, KRAS, ROS1, and ALK, was found to have re-arranged NRG1. Treatment with afatanib resulted in rapid symptomatic … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28502724 · Gay et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib + LumretuzumabCombination | Mucinous Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports | ||||
| ROS1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11651In this case report of a single patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma was found to harbour a SLC4A4::ROS1 fusion by NGS analysis. Based on the presence of the ROS1 fusion the patient was initiated on… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37079858 · Reutter et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Expression1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1306In 249 patients that have undergone a pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) for the resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, expression of SMAD4 is associated with favorable prognosis. SMAD4 was ass… (full text at CIViC) PMID 11751510 · Tascilar et al., 2001 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID511In a study of 89 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy, those with mutations in SMAD4 had shorter overall survival than wild-type patients. PMID 19584151 · Blackford et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMARCA4 INACTIVATING MUTATION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID513In patients with lung adenocarcinoma, those with loss-of-function mutations in SMARCA4 had worse overall survival than those with only missense or no mutations. PMID 24658004 · Jelinic et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMARCB1 Loss2 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Renal Medullary Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 2 | accepted | EID11165In a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with renal medullary carcinoma, all patients had loss of SMARCB1 staining by IHC. FISH revealed 11 (55%) had a SMARCB1 translocation with loss of the second… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30980040 · Jia et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Renal Medullary Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 2 | accepted | EID11167In a comparison of 6 renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) and 22 collecting duct carcinomas (CDC), all 6 RMC were negative for SMARCB1 by IHC whereas only 1 of 22 CDC lost SMARCB1 expressing, supporting S… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22686875 · Calderaro et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SPRY2 UNDEREXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID6455The correlation between FGFR2/SPRY2 and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed by Chi-square to screen the FGFR2/SPRY2-relevant factors. SPRY2 low expression was demonstrated to be significantly assoc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28002800 · Xu et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Larotrectinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID11574Drilon et al (2022) assessed the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in lung cancer patients with TRK fusions in a phase II adult/young adult trial (NCT02576431) and a phase I adult trial (NCT0212291… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35085007 · Drilon et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID11575Bragas et al (2022) report a case study of a 50-year old female with a papillary thyroid carcinoma with multiple metastases containing a SQSTM1::NTRK1 fusion treated with larotrectinib. SQSTM1::NTRK1 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 35118995 · Bargas et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| STK11 Loss1 | ||||||||
| Roflumilast | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID12555In a preclinical study using STK11/LKB1-deficient pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (TB 32047, PANC-1, SUIT2, SU86.86, KPC792) and C57BL/6 orthotopic mouse models (n = 5 per group), t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38461159 · Zhang et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| STK11 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Atezolizumab + Nivolumab + PembrolizumabSubstitutes | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID6441In a retrospective analysis in two separate datasets (Stand Up To Cancer 2 Cohort and Checkmate-057), patients with concomitant KRAS and STK11 mutations had significantly worse response rates, PFS and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29773717 · Skoulidis et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALK Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Ceritinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5952Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with STRN-ALK fusion, sporadic microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) and KRAS R164Q received ALK inhibitor ceritinib. After pts received ceritinib perinumb… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26933125 · Yakirevich et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TACSTD2 T256R1 | ||||||||
| Sacituzumab Govitecan | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID12265TROP2 T256R mutation alters the plasma membrane localization and cell-surface binding of hRS7, the humanized antibody incorporated into Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG). The TROP2 T256R encoded protein was … (full text at CIViC) PMID 34404686 · Coates et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TERT C228T1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID655In patients with papillary thyroid cancer harboring both BRAF V600E and the TERT promotor mutation C228T, recurrence-free survival is worse than in patients harboring one of these mutations or no muta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25024077 · Xing et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TERT Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| UO126 | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID2900A total of 96 histopathologically confirmed RCC cases and corresponding normal tissues were subjected to hTERT gene expression using real-time PCR. Two RCC cell lines viz. ACHN and A498 were treated w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28215740 · Pal et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TFE3 VCP::TFE31 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Renal Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | rejected | EID10148This study evaluates 200 nephrectomy cases. Within the 200 cases, there are four cases that are Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Previous studies identified two stages (pediatric and … (full text at CIViC) PMID 34917511 · Ge et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TFEB Amplification1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Renal Cell Carcinoma with MiT Translocations | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID10625This manuscript is a study of 37 TFEB-altered tumors, 15 of which are associated with TFEB amplification at 6p21.1 and 22 of which are associated with TFEB-rearrangement. Previous literature had indic… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31600176 · Gupta et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| High7 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Rectal AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID13211This study evaluated genomic biomarkers associated with treatment response and clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37260182 · Lee et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID13242In a single-center observational study of 102 patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colon cancer receiving standard treatments, high tumor mutational burden (TMB ≥10 mutations/Mb) was a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39639373 · Di Mauro et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Carboplatin + PaclitaxelCombination | Ovarian Serous AdenocarcinomaALIAS | |||||||
| TOP1 -122fs + TOP1 E418K1 | ||||||||
| Sacituzumab Govitecan | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID12266TOP1 E418K mutation and TOP1 122fs contribute to acquired resistance to Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) therapy through alterations in the drug target TOP1. The patient, a 42-year-old female with metastati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34404686 · Coates et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TP53 Mutation4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID6031In an analysis of 321 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received potentially curative pulmonary resection, patients with TP53 mutated tumors (N=115, exons 4-10 evaluated) had significantly poorer … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19096302 · Kosaka et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID6032Analysis of 135 patients with chemotherapy naive lung adenocarcinoma, TP53 mutations were associated with reduced progression free survival (p = 0.0014, log rank test) using primary resection specimen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22980975 · Imielinski et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Adrenal Cortical CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports | ||||
| TP53 R213*1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Salivary Gland Mucinous Adenocarcinoma | Predisposing | E | Supports Pathogenic | 3 | submitted | EID7321As seen in Figure 1, the R213* mutation is predominantly found in colorectal and breast cancers. The variant was described as being a frequent p53 nonsense mutation in melanoma, kidney chromophobe, es… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28249646 · Panaccione et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Larotrectinib | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID8042A healthy 12 year old with right neck mass was found to have heterogeneous solid mass originating from the right thyroid lobe. Total thyroidectomy confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with mult… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29610391 · Ronsley et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 23 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID7495Two patients with EGFR/KRAS/ALK wild-type invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung were found to have SLC3A2-NRG1 fusions. Both patients were treated with combination lumretuzumab, an anti-HER3 mo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30268483 · Kim et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC |
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| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Resistance |
| 3 |
| submitted |
EID13010In a retrospective cohort of 16 patients treated with primary debulking surgery followed by platinum-taxane chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel), patients classified as platinum-resistant exhibit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35093146 · Yang et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC |
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| Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | E | Supports N/A | 3 | submitted | EID12950This review synthesizes current preclinical, translational, and clinical evidence evaluating tumor mutational burden (TMB) as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response in t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41249701 · Das et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | E | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID13213TMB is being investigated as a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TMB is defined as the number of somatic mutations per m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41249701 · Das et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Ipilimumab/Nivolumab Regimen | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12614This part of the open-label multipart phase 3 trial, CheckMate 277 (Trial ID: 29658845), examined the performance of nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared to chemotherapy among non-small-cell lung cancer… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29658845 · Hellmann et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Ipilimumab + Lenvatinib + PembrolizumabCombination | Adrenal Cortical CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID13303A 54-year-old female with recurrent stage IV ACC that progressed after adrenalectomy, radiation, and mitotane had a TMB-high (11.6 mutations/Mb), MSS, PD-L1-negative tumor with a markedly clonal molec… (full text at CIViC) PMID 42158873 · Nakhleh et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID1028TP53 mutation was shown to be associated with shorter overall survival in patients with adrenocortical tumors (log-rank test; P=0.098). Of 20 patients studied, 5 had coding mutation in TP53. Four of t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15922892 · Sidhu et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC |
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| Chemotherapy | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID850In this meta-analysis of 13 studies (564 patients) p53 positivity as defined by high protein expression and/or p53 mutation was associated with improved response to chemotherapy (risk ratio [RR] = 0.7… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24740294 · Xu et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |