Biomarker · Gene alteration

KRAS G12C

KRAS codon 12 point mutation p.G12C detected by sequencing or PCR in tumor tissue or plasma; used as a predictive marker for KRAS G12C inhibitors in non-small cell lung and colorectal cancer.

CI-BIO-00000015KRAS graph →NCIt C98365

Also calledp.G12C · KRAS G12C-mutated · c.34G>T

Derived

Associated cancers (6)

Cancers mapped in ACCEPTED CIViC predictive, prognostic or diagnostic items whose variant (molecular markers) or gene (gene-level markers) is in this biomarker's scope. Counts by type and native level; each row links to the cancer's evidence tab.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Cancer	Items	Predictive	Prognostic	Diagnostic	Levels A / B / C / D / E
Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm	7	7	—	—	2 / 2 / 1 / 2 / 0
Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	4	3	1	—	1 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Multiple Myeloma	3	3	—	—	0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0
Malignant Lung Neoplasm	2	1	—	1	0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Malignant Neoplasm

Derived

Drugs with predictive evidence (15)

Therapies named in in-scope PREDICTIVE CIViC items, plus targets of PREDICTS_RESPONSE_TO knowledge edges from in-scope variants. Sensitivity and resistance are counted separately and never merged into a verdict.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Drug	CIViC items	Sensitivity	Resistance	Best level	Edges (S / R)	Cancer context
MelphalanSmall Molecule	3	—	3	D	0 / 3	Multiple Myeloma
AdagrasibSmall Molecule	2	2	—	A	2 / 0	Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm, Solid Neoplasm
Cetuximab

Curated evidence

Predictive evidence items (16)

ACCEPTED CIViC predictive items in scope, grouped by molecular profile and therapy with native level, direction and cancer context. 50 per page.

civicCuratedShowing 1–16 of 16 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
KRAS G12C16
Divarasib

Regulatory

Approvals mentioning the linked drugs (168)

Approval records of the derived drug set, plus records whose indication text names this biomarker. Each record names its authority, jurisdiction, indication text and status — a drug approved in one jurisdiction for one indication is not 'approved' in general, and an approval listed here is not necessarily restricted to this biomarker.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Drug	Jurisdiction · authority	Cancer	Indication	Status	Approval date	Source
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as APO-ERLOTINIB (DIN 02461889) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Aug 22, 2017	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as PMS-ERLOTINIB (DIN 02454386) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Dormantsince Jul 31, 2025	Jul 28, 2016	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as PMS-ERLOTINIB (DIN 02454394) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Jul 28, 2016	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as TEVA-ERLOTINIB (DIN 02377691) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Dec 8, 2014	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as TEVA-ERLOTINIB (DIN 02377705) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Dec 8, 2014	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as TEVA-ERLOTINIB (DIN 02377713) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Dec 8, 2014	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as TARCEVA (DIN 02269007) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Cancelled Post Marketsince Oct 1, 2024	Jan 5, 2007	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as TARCEVA (DIN 02269023) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Cancelled Post Marketsince Oct 1, 2024	Jul 19, 2005	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as TARCEVA (DIN 02269015) under ATC L01EB02 ERLOTINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Cancelled Post Marketsince Oct 1, 2024	Jul 19, 2005	health-canada-dpd
Erlotinib	EU EMA	—	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Tarceva is also indicated for switch maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR activating mutations and stable disease after first-line chemotherapy. Tarceva is also indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. In patients with tumours without EGFR activating mutations, Tarceva is indicated when other treatment options are not considered suitable. When prescribing Tarceva, factors associated with prolonged survival should be taken into account. No survival benefit or other clinically relevant effects of the treatment have been demonstrated in patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-IHC - negative tumours. Pancreatic cancer Tarceva in combination with gemcitabine is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. When prescribing Tarceva, factors associated with prolonged survival should be taken into account.	approved	Sep 19, 2005	ema
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	The treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test receiving first-line, maintenance, or second or greater line treatment after progression following at least one prior chemotherapy regimen.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	Limitations of Use: Safety and efficacy of erlotinib tablets have not been established in patients with NSCLC whose tumors have other EGFR mutations.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	—	Erlotinib tablets are not recommended for use in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm	First-line treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer, in combination with gemcitabine.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	The treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test receiving first-line, maintenance, or second or greater line treatment after progression following at least one prior chemotherapy regimen.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm	First-line treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer, in combination with gemcitabine.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	Limitations of Use: Safety and efficacy of erlotinib tablets have not been established in patients with NSCLC whose tumors have other EGFR mutations.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	—	Erlotinib tablets are not recommended for use in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Gefitinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as JAMP GEFITINIB (DIN 02500663) under ATC L01EB01 GEFITINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Dec 23, 2020	health-canada-dpd
Gefitinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as NAT-GEFITINIB (DIN 02491796) under ATC L01EB01 GEFITINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Dormantsince Mar 1, 2026	Nov 13, 2019	health-canada-dpd
Gefitinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as SANDOZ GEFITINIB (DIN 02487748) under ATC L01EB01 GEFITINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Cancelled Post Marketsince Jul 31, 2026	Jun 26, 2019	health-canada-dpd
Gefitinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as APO-GEFITINIB (DIN 02468050) under ATC L01EB01 GEFITINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Oct 18, 2017	health-canada-dpd
Gefitinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as IRESSA (DIN 02248676) under ATC L01EB01 GEFITINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Dec 17, 2003	health-canada-dpd
Gefitinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as AURO-GEFITINIB (DIN 02533685) under ATC L01EB01 GEFITINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approved	—	health-canada-dpd
Gefitinib	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as EUGIA-GEFITINIB (DIN 02547546) under ATC L01EB01 GEFITINIB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approved	—	health-canada-dpd
Gefitinib	EU EMA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	Gefitinib Mylan is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations of EGFR TK.	withdrawnsince Sep 27, 2024	Sep 27, 2018	ema
Gefitinib	EU EMA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	Iressa is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with activating mutations of epidermal-growth-factor-receptor tyrosine kinase.	approved	Jun 24, 2009	ema
Gefitinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	IRESSA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Limitation of Use: Safety and efficacy of IRESSA have not been established in patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors have EGFR mutations other than exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . IRESSA is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test. (1) Limitation of Use: Safety and efficacy of IRESSA have not been established in patients whose tumors have EGFR mutations other than exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations. (1)	approved	Jul 13, 2015	openfda
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as TARO-MELPHALAN (DIN 02480026) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Jan 25, 2021	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as MELPHALAN FOR INJECTION (DIN 02468921) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Dormantsince Apr 13, 2023	Nov 20, 2018	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as MELPHALAN FOR INJECTION (DIN 02473348) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Jun 18, 2018	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as ALKERAN (DIN 02087286) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Dec 31, 1995	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as ALKERAN (DIN 00004715) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Dec 31, 1964	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as MELPHALAN FOR INJECTION (DIN 02537389) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approved	—	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as MELPHALAN FOR INJECTION (DIN 02526077) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Cancelled Pre Marketsince Jul 29, 2026	—	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as MELPHALAN FOR INJECTION (DIN 02508214) under ATC L01AA03 MELPHALAN. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approved	—	health-canada-dpd
Melphalan	EU EMA	—	High-dose of Phelinun used alone or in combination with other cytotoxic medicinal products and/or total body irradiation is indicated in the treatment of: multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma (Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia, childhood neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, mammary adenocarcinoma. Phelinun in combination with other cytotoxic medicinal products is indicated as reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) treatment prior to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in malignant haematological diseases in adults. Phelinun in combination with other cytotoxic medicinal products is indicated as conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in haematological diseases in the paediatric population as: Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) treatment in case of malignant haematological diseases RIC treatment in case of non-malignant haematological diseases.	approved	Nov 16, 2020	ema
Melphalan	US FDA	Multiple Myeloma	Multiple Myeloma-Palliative Treatment IVRA is indicated for the palliative treatment of patients with multiple myeloma for whom oral therapy is not appropriate. IVRA is an alkylating drug indicated for palliative treatment of patients with multiple myeloma for whom oral therapy is not appropriate. ( 1 )	approved	Aug 18, 2023	openfda
Melphalan	US FDA	Multiple Myeloma	Evomela is an alkylating drug indicated for use as a high-dose conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic progenitor (stem) cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma.	approved	Mar 10, 2016	openfda
Melphalan	US FDA	Multiple Myeloma	Evomela is an alkylating drug indicated for use as a high-dose conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic progenitor (stem) cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma.	approved	Mar 10, 2016	openfda
Melphalan	US FDA	Multiple Myeloma	Melphalan Hydrochloride for Injection is indicated for the palliative treatment of patients with multiple myeloma for whom oral therapy is not appropriate.	approved	Jun 9, 2009	openfda
Panitumumab	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as VECTIBIX (DIN 02308509) under ATC L01FE02 PANITUMUMAB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	Jan 3, 2017	health-canada-dpd
Panitumumab	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as VECTIBIX (DIN 02308487) under ATC L01FE02 PANITUMUMAB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approvedsource: Marketed	May 27, 2008	health-canada-dpd
Panitumumab	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as VECTIBIX (DIN 02308495) under ATC L01FE02 PANITUMUMAB. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	approved	—	health-canada-dpd
Panitumumab	EU EMA	Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm	Vectibix is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): in first-line in combination with Folfox or Folfiri. in second-line in combination with Folfiri for patients who have received first-line fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy (excluding irinotecan). as monotherapy after failure of fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy regimens.	approved	Dec 3, 2007	ema
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2025-01-16 (see label)	approved	Jan 16, 2025	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2017-06-29 (see label)	approved	Jun 29, 2017	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2014-05-23 (see label)	approved	May 23, 2014	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2014-05-23 (see label)	approved	May 23, 2014	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2008-06-23 (see label)	approved	Jun 23, 2008	openfda

Associated cancers (6)

Drugs with predictive evidence (15)

Predictive evidence items (16)

Approvals mentioning the linked drugs (168)

Active trials (279)

Linked publications (17)