Cancer Family
Digestive System Neoplasm
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Cancer Family
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Variants & evidence
1,220 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POLD1 Loss3 | ||||||||
| ATR Inhibitor | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13257siRNA-mediated POLA1 protein depletion sensitized PaTu8988t pancreatic cancer cells to the ATR inhibitors ceralasertib (AZD6738) and berzosertib (VE-822), producing approximately 7-fold and 6-fold IC5… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39128273 · Schneider et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Chk1 Inhibitor | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13256siRNA-mediated POLA1 protein depletion sensitized DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells to the CHK1 inhibitors LY2603618 and MK-8776, producing approximately 6-fold and 8-fold shifts in IC50, respectively, re… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39128273 · Schneider et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13258siRNA-mediated POLA1 protein depletion sensitized PaTu8988t pancreatic cancer cells to the CHK1 inhibitors LY2603618 and MK-8776, producing approximately 7-fold and 13-fold IC50 shifts, respectively, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 39128273 · Schneider et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7469In a case report, patient with metastatic colorectal cancer harboring MSS and POLE mutation was treated with pembrolizumab and showed tumor response. PMID 28188185 · Gong et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE P286R1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID5017POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immunogenic colorectal cancers with excellent prognosis. PMID 28404093 · Domingo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE S459F1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID5019POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immunogenic colorectal cancers with excellent prognosis. PMID 28404093 · Domingo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE V411L2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID5018POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immunogenic colorectal cancers with excellent prognosis. PMID 28404093 · Domingo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Unspecified therapy | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID8631"CRCs with POLE proofreading deficiency had characteristics distinct from those of other CRCs. Analysis of POLE proofreading deficiency may be clinically significant for personalized management of CRC… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31240875 · Hino et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POU5F1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Oxaliplatin | Malignant Colon Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID958OCT4B1 (POU5F1 splice variant) expression reduced sensitivity to oxaliplatin (via P-gp and ABCG2 differential expression) in vitro. PMID 26398480 · Wen et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PPP1R15A RS5578061 | ||||||||
| Bevacizumab + FOLFIRI RegimenCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1325Exome and RNA sequencing was performed in tumor and matched normal tissue of 19 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. The variant PPP1R15A (rs557806) sh… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27177629 · Roh et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PRNCR1 rs14563151 | ||||||||
| Unspecified therapy | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Adverse Response | 4 | submitted | EID7545Study shows connection between polymorphisms in PRNCR1 and higher risk of colorectal cancer in the Saudi population. Case-control study was performed on 144 patients with colorectal cancer and 130 ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31487296 · AlMutairi et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PROM1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID926CD133 (PROM1) expression in 39 samples of hepatocellular carcinomas was correlated with JNK activity. Both were more highly expressed in patients not responding to sorafenib. CD133+ cells (sorted) wer… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22596232 · Hagiwara et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PSMB8 NUCLEAR EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1051Microarray expression data from 48 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed for genes differentially expressed with regard to overall survival. Expression of 294 and 116 genes was enriched i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26894977 · Kwon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PSMD4 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Carfilzomib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7330Nrf2 transfected colorectal cancer cells (shNrf2-HCT116) were found to have a 13.6 fold elevation in PSMD4, suggesting cytoplasmic Nrf2 leads to PSMD4 overexpression. Increased HIF-1a and nuclear B-c… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27033953 · Lin et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN Loss8 | ||||||||
| Akt Inhibitor MK2206 | Pancreatic Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID938Among 33 patients treated with pan-AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in this phase 1 study, one patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and PTEN loss/KRAS G12D mutation experienced a decrease of approximately 60% … (full text at CIViC) PMID 22025163 · Yap et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Capivasertib + DocetaxelCombination | Malignant Gastric Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1500A patient derived mouse xenograft model was established with gastric cancer cells having PTEN loss. The xenograft was resistant to monotherapy with both the pan-Akt inhibitor AZD5363, and also to the … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24088382 · Li et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| PTGS2 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Aspirin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID1573Mail-in surveys conducted every two years since 1980 evaluated 82,911 woman and 47,363 men for regular aspirin use. In this cohort, aspirin use was associated with a lower relative risk of colorectal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17522398 · Chan et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTP4A3 OVEREXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID902In-vitro studies linked PRL-3 (PP4A3) expression to hyperactivation and dependence on EGFR signaling (through downregulation of PTP1B, an inhibitory phosphatase of EGFR). Retrospective analysis of 68 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23867504 · Al-Aidaroos et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTPN6 Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | D | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID6390SHP-1 has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in hematopoietic cancers. Reduced SHP-1 expression in HCC correlates to aggressive tumor behavior resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. PMID 29776962 · Wen et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RABL3 MUTATION1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predisposing | C | Supports Pathogenic | 3 | submitted | EID7497Whole-genome sequence analysis in a family with multiple cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identified a germline RABL3 truncating mutation. RABL3 was associated with the regulation of the pren… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31406347 · Nissim et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RAF1 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9113Through the histological examination of 25 patient tumor samples with hepatocellular carcinoma, the efficacy of postoperative sorafenib treatment may be correlated with higher levels of c-Raf-1 expres… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26981887 · Lei et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RB1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Doxorubicin + Fluorouracil + Gemcitabine + MitomycinSubstitutes | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1324In Capan-1 cell lines engineered to reduce pRB expression (by transfection with p16), resensitization to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was observed. The effect was asserted to be specific to pRB depl… (full text at CIViC) PMID 11792751 · Plath et al., 2002 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RHOA MUTATION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | E | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1683285 intestinal-type tumors and 183 diffuse-type tumors were evaluated for mutational profiles. RHOA mutations are associated with diffuse type mucinous gastric carcinoma, which indicate worse prognos… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27313181 · Rokutan et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RICTOR Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Vistusertib | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID1915Tumor samples from 640 patients with metastatic solid tumors were prospectively analyzed with a next-generation sequencing assay to identify molecular targets. 13 (2%) of 640 patients had a RICTOR-aam… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28028034 · Kim et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RPS6 PHOSPHORYLATION1 | ||||||||
| Everolimus | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID93054 patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with everolimus. Two patient responsed and potential biomarkers were explored. High pre-treatment expression of phosphorylated RPS6 (pS6; at Ser24… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22343617 · Yoon et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RRM1 Decreased RNA expression1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13320shRNA-mediated reduction of RRM1 expression significantly increased fluorouracil sensitivity in HCT-116, HT-29, and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. Across the RRM1, NME1, and UNG experiments, the repor… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21449674 · Muhale et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RRM1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1859The mRNA expression level of RRM1 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 3 human pancreatic cancer cell lines cultured in incrementally increased concentrations of gemcitabine. Expression levels of RRM1 progressiv… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17224927 · Nakano et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RRM1 Underexpression2 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5506There were 68 patients enrolled in this study, 28 of which were treated with gemcitabine. Of those 28, 14 patients had a low RRM1 expression and 14 had a high RRM1 expression. Only the patients with … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19543324 · Akita et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5508In this study, human pancreatic carcinoma cell line MiaPaCa2, which is a gemcitabine-sensitive cell line, was used for the establishment of chemoresistant cells MiaPaCa2-RG. Analysis for identifying g… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17131328 · Nakahira et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RRM2 OVEREXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1860The mRNA expression level of RRM2 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 3 human pancreatic cancer cell lines cultured in incrementally increased concentrations of gemcitabine. Expression levels of RRM2 progressi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17224927 · Nakano et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SH2B3 RS31845041 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predisposing | B | Supports Predisposition | 2 | accepted | EID1744A genome wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 13,265 cancer cases (colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer) and 40,245 controls found this variant to be associated with colorectal cancer (O… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26621817 · Cheng et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SIRT1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Niacinamide | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID1294In-vitro study with MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Inhibition of Sirt1 by increasing concentrations of nicotinamide led to a decrease in viability. Gefitinib treatment with concent… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24088390 · Stenzinger et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SLC29A1 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID10145Surgically resected PDACs were used to create tissue microarrays, which were scored for antibody staining of hENT1 (SLC29A1). For patients treated with gemcitabine (n=243), high levels of hENT1 were a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22705007 · Maréchal et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11651In this case report of a single patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma was found to harbour a SLC4A4::ROS1 fusion by NGS analysis. Based on the presence of the ROS1 fusion the patient was initiated on… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37079858 · Reutter et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SLFN11 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| 7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxycamptothecin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID870In this study, SLFN11 expression was associated with sensitivity to SN-38 (an active metabolite of topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan). PMID 25089570 · Tian et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Deletion1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1644A retrospective study with 202 colorectal cancer patients found that SMAD4 deletion was associated with worse outcomes during 5-fluorouracil treatment. The hazard ratio for disease-free survival was 2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12237773 · Boulay et al., 2002 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Expression2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1306In 249 patients that have undergone a pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple) for the resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, expression of SMAD4 is associated with favorable prognosis. SMAD4 was ass… (full text at CIViC) PMID 11751510 · Tascilar et al., 2001 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Prognostic | C | Supports N/A | 3 | submitted | EID7179One of the goals in this study was to examine the correlation between Smad4 expression, detected by immunostaining, and the pattern of disease progression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eleven of 15 (7… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21709185 · Crane et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 LOSS1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1412Study employed a rapid autopsy technique on a cohort of 76 patients with pancreatic cancer and explored the status of several genes. 63% (41/65) of carcinomas analyzed showed inactivation of SMAD4 (DP… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19273710 · Iacobuzio-Donahue et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Lysine | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID6448In this study, the goal was to find the predictive effect of lysine treatment with the under expression of SMAD4 for patients with colorectal cancer(CRC). The study used only female patients as it was… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27875625 · Ganesh et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Mutation4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID511In a study of 89 patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy, those with mutations in SMAD4 had shorter overall survival than wild-type patients. PMID 19584151 · Blackford et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID6451Sequence analysis between normal vs. tumor samples showed the presence of 4 missense mutations and a somatic 12–base pair deletion in 16% of the 31 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The results of thi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 8898652 · Takagi et al., 1996 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
Data updated 16 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| B |
| Supports Resistance |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID506In 27 patients with chemotherapy-naive or chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated with cetuximab and chemotherapy, PTEN loss was associated with non-response. PMID 21163703 · De Roock et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC |
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| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6315In this study, 81 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a s… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | submitted | EID6361In this study, a large cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer patients were treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab). PTEN protein expression… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Chemotherapy | Gastric CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1493Cancer and normal tissue samples were taken from 68 gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery without prior chemotherapy. Tissue samples were divided into high grade and low grade for phospho Akt (p-… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15900596 · Oki et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Docetaxel | Malignant Gastric Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID11064SGC020 was a gastric PDGCX mouse model established from a gastric cancer patient, with a PTEN exon 2-6 gene deletion resulting in undetectable PTEN protein expression. The chemotherapy Taxotere was gi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24088382 · Li et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Lapatinib + TrastuzumabSubstitutes | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID864In 48 patients with advanced gastric cancer, retrospectively analyzed for PTEN expression using IHC, PTEN loss was associated with a shorter duration of response (median 4.2 vs. 6.1 months, p = 0.04) … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25300346 · Zhang et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| B |
| Supports Resistance |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID719In a retrospective analysis of 65 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, SMAD4 mutations were more common among patients with no benefit from EGFR-inhibition (cetuximab or panitumumab) (4 patient… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26508446 · Lupini et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC |
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| Regorafenib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Reduced Sensitivity | 2 | submitted | EID13265In a retrospective cohort of 76 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib monotherapy, SMAD4 mutations were identified in ~14% of the 76 patients. Patients with SMAD4-mutant … (full text at CIViC) PMID 33224274 · Lee et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |