Biomarker · Hormone receptor

Androgen receptor (AR)

Androgen receptor expression or alteration assessed by immunohistochemistry or sequencing; the therapeutic target of androgen-deprivation and AR-pathway inhibitors in prostate cancer and a subtyping marker in breast cancer.

CI-BIO-00000036AR graph →NCIt C94297

Also calledAR · AR-positive · androgen receptor expression

Derived

Associated cancers (3)

Cancers mapped in ACCEPTED CIViC predictive, prognostic or diagnostic items whose variant (molecular markers) or gene (gene-level markers) is in this biomarker's scope. Counts by type and native level; each row links to the cancer's evidence tab.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Cancer	Items	Predictive	Prognostic	Diagnostic	Levels A / B / C / D / E
Malignant Prostate Neoplasm	6	6	—	—	0 / 5 / 0 / 1 / 0
Malignant Breast Neoplasm	1	1	—	—	0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Prostate Carcinoma	1	1	—	—	0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0

Derived

Drugs with predictive evidence (8)

Therapies named in in-scope PREDICTIVE CIViC items, plus targets of PREDICTS_RESPONSE_TO knowledge edges from in-scope variants. Sensitivity and resistance are counted separately and never merged into a verdict.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Drug	CIViC items	Sensitivity	Resistance	Best level	Edges (S / R)	Cancer context
EnzalutamideSmall Molecule	5	—	5	B	0 / 5	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm
AbirateroneSmall Molecule	4	—	4	B	0 / 4	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm
BicalutamideSmall Molecule

Curated evidence

Predictive evidence items (8)

ACCEPTED CIViC predictive items in scope, grouped by molecular profile and therapy with native level, direction and cancer context. 50 per page.

civicCuratedShowing 1–8 of 8 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
AR OVEREXPRESSION1
Dactolisib

Regulatory

Approvals mentioning the linked drugs (98)

Approval records of the derived drug set, plus records whose indication text names this biomarker. Each record names its authority, jurisdiction, indication text and status — a drug approved in one jurisdiction for one indication is not 'approved' in general, and an approval listed here is not necessarily restricted to this biomarker.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

health-canada-dpdRegulatory

Clinical trials

Active trials (92)

Trials with an active ClinicalTrials.gov status, an intervention mapped to a derived drug and a condition mapped to an associated cancer. 42 recruiting · 18 active phase 3 · 351 in any status. Most recently updated first, 50 per page.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

clinicaltrialsPublishedShowing 1–50 of 92 active studies · status and phase as posted by the registrant; each row links to the study record.

NCT	Title	Status	Phase	Enrollment (n)	Sponsor	Countries	Last update	Source
NCT02489318	A Study of Apalutamide (JNJ-56021927, ARN-509) Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Versus ADT in Participants With mHSPC(TITAN)	active not recruiting

Literature

Linked publications (12)

Publications linked to the scope gene(s) through PubMed entity edges; 25 per page, newest first.

pubmedPublishedShowing 1–12 of 12 publications · bibliographic data as recorded by PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced.

Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer.
· Cell · 2015 · PMID 26000489 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Prospective Multicenter Validation of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 and Hormone Therapy Resistance in High-Risk Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The PROPHECY Study.
· J Clin Oncol · 2019 · PMID 30865549 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Association of AR-V7 on Circulating Tumor Cells as a Treatment-Specific Biomarker With Outcomes and Survival in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
· JAMA Oncol · 2016 · PMID 27262168 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Assessment of the Validity of Nuclear-Localized Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 in Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictive Biomarker for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

AR AR-V74
Abiraterone + EnzalutamideSubstitutes	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID9547 This multicenter clinical trial study (PROPHECY) enrolled 118 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) on Abiraterone or Enzalutamide treatment. The Johns Hopkins Universi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30865549 · Armstrong et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID12463 A cross-sectional cohort study was performed in 161 men with metastatic prostate cancer undergoing a change in treatment to determine if pre-therapy AR-V7 nuclear protein expression in circulating tum… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27262168 · Scher et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID12464 A blinded, multi-institutional cohort study was performed in 142 men with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer to determine if pre-therapy nuclear-localized expression of AR-V7 protein in … (full text at CIViC) PMID 29955787 · Scher et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC	civic
Abiraterone + EnzalutamideSubstitutes	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	3	accepted	EID863 This prospective study enrolled 31 Enzalutamide-treated (group 1) and 31 Abiraterone-treated (group 2) patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). AR-V7 variant was detected… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25184630 · Antonarakis et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic

AR AR-V74

Abiraterone + EnzalutamideSubstitutes

Malignant Prostate Neoplasm

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID9547

This multicenter clinical trial study (PROPHECY) enrolled 118 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) on Abiraterone or Enzalutamide treatment. The Johns Hopkins Universi… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 30865549 · Armstrong et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC

civic

〃

Malignant Prostate Neoplasm

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID12463

A cross-sectional cohort study was performed in 161 men with metastatic prostate cancer undergoing a change in treatment to determine if pre-therapy AR-V7 nuclear protein expression in circulating tum… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 27262168 · Scher et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC

civic

〃

Malignant Prostate Neoplasm

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID12464

A blinded, multi-institutional cohort study was performed in 142 men with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer to determine if pre-therapy nuclear-localized expression of AR-V7 protein in … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 29955787 · Scher et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC

civic

Abiraterone + EnzalutamideSubstitutes

Malignant Prostate Neoplasm

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID863

This prospective study enrolled 31 Enzalutamide-treated (group 1) and 31 Abiraterone-treated (group 2) patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). AR-V7 variant was detected… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 25184630 · Antonarakis et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC

civic

AR Mutation1
Bicalutamide + Cyproterone Acetate + Flutamide + NilutamideSubstitutes	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID1521 In a study of 150 patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), 71.3% of cases (n=107) harbored androgen receptor (AR) pathway aberrations. Within the AR mutation cohort, 78… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26000489 · Robinson et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic

AR Mutation1

Bicalutamide + Cyproterone Acetate + Flutamide + NilutamideSubstitutes

Malignant Prostate Neoplasm

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID1521

In a study of 150 patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), 71.3% of cases (n=107) harbored androgen receptor (AR) pathway aberrations. Within the AR mutation cohort, 78… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 26000489 · Robinson et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC

civic

AR F877L1
Apalutamide + EnzalutamideSubstitutes	Malignant Prostate Neoplasm	Predictive	D	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID447 Mutations F876L in the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor confered resistance to enzalutamide and ARN-509, causing these compounds to function as partial agonists in two prostate cancer ce… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23779130 · Joseph et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC	civic

AR F877L1

Apalutamide + EnzalutamideSubstitutes

Malignant Prostate Neoplasm

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID447

Mutations F876L in the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor confered resistance to enzalutamide and ARN-509, causing these compounds to function as partial agonists in two prostate cancer ce… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 23779130 · Joseph et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC

civic

AR W7421
Bicalutamide	Prostate Carcinoma	Predictive	D	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID448 LNCaP-FGC cells with mutations at codon 741 (W741C, W741L) were able to use bicalutamide as an AR agonist, promoting cell growth and increased prostate-specific antigen secretion. PMID 12517791 · Hara et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC	civic

AR W7421

Bicalutamide

Prostate Carcinoma

Predictive

Supports Resistance

accepted

EID448

LNCaP-FGC cells with mutations at codon 741 (W741C, W741L) were able to use bicalutamide as an AR agonist, promoting cell growth and increased prostate-specific antigen secretion.

PMID 12517791 · Hara et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC

civic

Drug	Jurisdiction · authority	Cancer	Indication	Status	Approval date	Source
Nilutamide	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as ANANDRON TAB 50MG (DIN 00863890) under ATC L02BB02 NILUTAMIDE. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Cancelled Post Marketsince Sep 9, 1996	Dec 31, 1992	health-canada-dpd
Nilutamide	CA Health Canada	—	Marketed in Canada as ANANDRON TAB 100MG (DIN 01989650) under ATC L02BB02 NILUTAMIDE. Indications are not published in the Drug Product Database — see the Health Canada Product Monograph.	withdrawnsource: Cancelled Post Marketsince Aug 11, 1999	Dec 31, 1992	health-canada-dpd