Subtype
Malignant Large Intestinal Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00003173Explore in graph →
- NCIt
- C215202
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00003173Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
823 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIK3CA Mutation2 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6362Mutational analysis of 110 metastatic colorectal cancer patients was used to examine objective tumor response, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) following treatment with anti-… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PD-1 Ligand Inhibitor | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID12362In the transplantable MC38 colon carcinoma cell line, expression of PIK3CA:p.H1047R (or constructs with similar function) confers survival advantage under PD-1 blockade compared with wildtype, which c… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35264433 · Collins et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA Mutation + PIK3R1 Mutation + PTEN MutationPIK3CAPTENPIK3R11 | ||||||||
| Aspirin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12602In a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled adjuvant trial in colorectal carcinoma with PI3K pathway mutations (ALASCCA, NCT02647099; group B n = 312), aspirin 160 mg daily (group B n = 156) for… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40961426 · Martling et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA N345K1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID4047Three patients participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored PIK3CA N345K, were wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and … (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA Q546K2 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | rejected | EID3727In a retrospective study of 168 chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a PIK3CA mutation (n=26) treated with cetuximab in combination with standard chemotherapy, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID2198One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA Q546K (exon 10), was wildtype for KRAS, BR… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA R1023Q1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | rejected | EID4685In a retrospective study of 168 chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a PIK3CA mutation (n=26) treated with cetuximab in combination with standard chemotherapy, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA R88Q1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID3832One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA R88Q, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and NRAS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA R93W1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + Fluorouracil + OxaliplatinCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID4467One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA R93W, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and NRAS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA S158L1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID4463One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored PIK3CA S158L, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and NRA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA V955G1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID10033A cohort of 32 colorectal cancer patients with acquired resistance to cetuximab (PFS > 12 weeks) was analyzed for resistance mutations using targeted deep sequencing of ctDNA. One patient had the PIK3… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28424201 · Xu et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA V955I1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID8063Among 32 colorectal cancer patients with acquired resistance (PFS > 12 weeks) to cetuximab, one was determined to have V955I mutation. V995I allelic fractions low at start of treatment but increased i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28424201 · Xu et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA Wildtype2 | ||||||||
| Aspirin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2038This was a retrospective study of 964 colorectal cancer patients who participated in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Of 964 patients, 803 patients had wildtype P… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23094721 · Liao et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | rejected | EID7047This was a retrospective study of 964 colorectal cancer patients who participated in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Of 964 patients, 803 patients had wildtype P… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23094721 · Liao et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLD1 Loss2 | ||||||||
| ATR Inhibitor | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13255siRNA-mediated POLA1 protein depletion sensitized DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells to the ATR inhibitors ceralasertib (AZD6738) and berzosertib (VE-822), with approximately 9-fold and 4-fold shifts in IC… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39128273 · Schneider et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Chk1 Inhibitor | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13256siRNA-mediated POLA1 protein depletion sensitized DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells to the CHK1 inhibitors LY2603618 and MK-8776, producing approximately 6-fold and 8-fold shifts in IC50, respectively, re… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39128273 · Schneider et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7469In a case report, patient with metastatic colorectal cancer harboring MSS and POLE mutation was treated with pembrolizumab and showed tumor response. PMID 28188185 · Gong et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE P286R1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID5017POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immunogenic colorectal cancers with excellent prognosis. PMID 28404093 · Domingo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE S459F1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID5019POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immunogenic colorectal cancers with excellent prognosis. PMID 28404093 · Domingo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POLE V411L2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID5018POLE proofreading domain mutations identify a subset of immunogenic colorectal cancers with excellent prognosis. PMID 28404093 · Domingo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Unspecified therapy | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID8631"CRCs with POLE proofreading deficiency had characteristics distinct from those of other CRCs. Analysis of POLE proofreading deficiency may be clinically significant for personalized management of CRC… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31240875 · Hino et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| POU5F1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Oxaliplatin | Malignant Colon Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID958OCT4B1 (POU5F1 splice variant) expression reduced sensitivity to oxaliplatin (via P-gp and ABCG2 differential expression) in vitro. PMID 26398480 · Wen et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PPP1R15A RS5578061 | ||||||||
| Bevacizumab + FOLFIRI RegimenCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1325Exome and RNA sequencing was performed in tumor and matched normal tissue of 19 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. The variant PPP1R15A (rs557806) sh… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27177629 · Roh et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PRNCR1 rs14563151 | ||||||||
| Unspecified therapy | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Adverse Response | 4 | submitted | EID7545Study shows connection between polymorphisms in PRNCR1 and higher risk of colorectal cancer in the Saudi population. Case-control study was performed on 144 patients with colorectal cancer and 130 ma… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31487296 · AlMutairi et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PSMD4 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Carfilzomib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7330Nrf2 transfected colorectal cancer cells (shNrf2-HCT116) were found to have a 13.6 fold elevation in PSMD4, suggesting cytoplasmic Nrf2 leads to PSMD4 overexpression. Increased HIF-1a and nuclear B-c… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27033953 · Lin et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN Loss3 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID506In 27 patients with chemotherapy-naive or chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated with cetuximab and chemotherapy, PTEN loss was associated with non-response. PMID 21163703 · De Roock et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6315In this study, 81 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a s… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm | |||||||
| PTGS2 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Aspirin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID1573Mail-in surveys conducted every two years since 1980 evaluated 82,911 woman and 47,363 men for regular aspirin use. In this cohort, aspirin use was associated with a lower relative risk of colorectal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17522398 · Chan et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTP4A3 OVEREXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID902In-vitro studies linked PRL-3 (PP4A3) expression to hyperactivation and dependence on EGFR signaling (through downregulation of PTP1B, an inhibitory phosphatase of EGFR). Retrospective analysis of 68 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23867504 · Al-Aidaroos et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RRM1 Decreased RNA expression1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13320shRNA-mediated reduction of RRM1 expression significantly increased fluorouracil sensitivity in HCT-116, HT-29, and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. Across the RRM1, NME1, and UNG experiments, the repor… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21449674 · Muhale et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SH2B3 RS31845041 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predisposing | B | Supports Predisposition | 2 | accepted | EID1744A genome wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 13,265 cancer cases (colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer) and 40,245 controls found this variant to be associated with colorectal cancer (O… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26621817 · Cheng et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SLFN11 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| 7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxycamptothecin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID870In this study, SLFN11 expression was associated with sensitivity to SN-38 (an active metabolite of topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan). PMID 25089570 · Tian et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Deletion1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1644A retrospective study with 202 colorectal cancer patients found that SMAD4 deletion was associated with worse outcomes during 5-fluorouracil treatment. The hazard ratio for disease-free survival was 2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12237773 · Boulay et al., 2002 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Lysine | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID6448In this study, the goal was to find the predictive effect of lysine treatment with the under expression of SMAD4 for patients with colorectal cancer(CRC). The study used only female patients as it was… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27875625 · Ganesh et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SMAD4 Mutation3 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID6451Sequence analysis between normal vs. tumor samples showed the presence of 4 missense mutations and a somatic 12–base pair deletion in 16% of the 31 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The results of thi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 8898652 · Takagi et al., 1996 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID719In a retrospective analysis of 65 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, SMAD4 mutations were more common among patients with no benefit from EGFR-inhibition (cetuximab or panitumumab) (4 patient… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26508446 · Lupini et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Regorafenib | ||||||||
| ALK Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Ceritinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5952Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with STRN-ALK fusion, sporadic microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) and KRAS R164Q received ALK inhibitor ceritinib. After pts received ceritinib perinumb… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26933125 · Yakirevich et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| THBS2 UNDEREXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID974172 patients treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were retrospectively analyzed for expression of thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) using IHC (discovery set with 46 rectal cancer patien… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26807188 · Lin et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| High5 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Rectal AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID13211This study evaluated genomic biomarkers associated with treatment response and clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37260182 · Lee et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID13242In a single-center observational study of 102 patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colon cancer receiving standard treatments, high tumor mutational burden (TMB ≥10 mutations/Mb) was a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39639373 · Di Mauro et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (diagnostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Diagnostic | ||||||
| TOP1 Amplification2 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + FOLFIRI RegimenCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12143The OncoBird framework utilizes data from the open-label, randomized phase III FIRE-3 trial, which involved patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma who received either cetuximab or bevacizumab i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37666855 · Ohnmacht et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Irinotecan | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID888FFPE tumor samples from 78 patients with colorectal cancer, who had received irinotecan monotherapy were analyzed with a FISH dual-probe. TOP1 gain was nonsignificantly associated with objective respo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24256029 · Nygård et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TOP1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Irinotecan | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID912498 patients were retrospectively analyzed for topoisomerase 1 expression (IHC). In the subgroup of patients treated with irinotecan (38% of the 498), those patients expressing Topoisomerase I had a b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19775480 · Kostopoulos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TP53 L3 Domain Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID3041A prospective study was performed using tumor and normal tissue from 160 colorectal cancer patients undergoing resection. 68 of 160 patients showed tumor p53 mutation, and 18 of 68 cases showed mutati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12433709 · Russo et al., 2002 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TP53 G245S + TP53 R213* + TP53 R273C1 | ||||||||
| Pazopanib + VorinostatCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID12732In the phase I study of pazopanib and vorinostat in 36 patients with advanced solid tumors, detection of hotspot TP53 mutation was associated with a higher rate of SD ≥6 months/PR, longer median PFS (… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25669829 · Fu et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 17 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| B |
| Does Not Support Resistance |
| 1 |
| submitted |
EID6361In this study, a large cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer patients were treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab). PTEN protein expression… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
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| Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| B |
| Supports Reduced Sensitivity |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID13265In a retrospective cohort of 76 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib monotherapy, SMAD4 mutations were identified in ~14% of the 76 patients. Patients with SMAD4-mutant … (full text at CIViC) PMID 33224274 · Lee et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC |
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| Does Not Support Negative |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID12971Whole genome sequencing and staining of anti-CD3 and anti-CD8 antibodies were performed on fresh-frozen tissue from 6 Lynch syndrome associated microsatellite (MSI) colorectal cancer patients and 20 M… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41535448 · Martin et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC |
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| Durvalumab + TremelimumabCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12042In this randomized phase II trial, 180 patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer were treated with either a combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab (D+T; n=119) or best supportive… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38727700 · Loree et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Pembrolizumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID12574Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRC) respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), but response rates vary, often < 50%, highlighting the need for better stratification.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31038663 · Schrock et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |