Cancer Family
Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000236Explore in graph →
1,430 active trials17 approved drugs142 evidence items
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000236Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
250 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID462The AKAP9-BRAF fusion gene was found in 3/28 tumor samples of radiation-associated papillary thyroid carcinoma, and no samples of non-radiation associated papillary thyroid carcinoma. This fusion was … (full text at CIViC) PMID 15630448 · Ciampi et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALDH1A2 Overexpression2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1114IHC for expression of ALDH1A2 and CRABP2 was performed in 89 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. High expression of both, ALDH1A2 and CRABP2 (in comparison to ALDH1A2 low or AL… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26634247 · Seidensaal et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1116ALDH1A2 protein levels were determined (IHC) in 115 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with known HPV status (n = 89 non–HPV-driven; n = 26 HPV-driven). Low to moderate ALDH1A2 protei… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23635773 · Kostareli et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALDH1A2 Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| Tretinoin | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1115FaDu (a high ALDH1A2 expression cell line) and Cal27 (a low expression cell line) were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), Adapalene or Fenretinide. This led to concentration dependent decrea… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26634247 · Seidensaal et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AR AR-V71 | ||||||||
| Abiraterone Acetate | Malignant Salivary Gland NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID6954Case Report of a Patient with metastatic salivary gland cancer with androgen receptor overexpression under treatment with abiraterone. The patient experienced stable disease for 6 months. Analysis of … (full text at CIViC) PMID 29897400 · Cappelletti et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AREG Expression2 | ||||||||
| Unspecified therapy | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | rejected | EID84747 HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab/docetaxel were retrospectively analyzed for EGFRvIII, EGFR and AREG expression with IHC. 45% of cases expressed high level of AREG. High AREG expression in tum… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21653686 · Tinhofer et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + DocetaxelCombination | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID84647 HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab/docetaxel were retrospectively analyzed for EGFRvIII, EGFR and AREG expression with IHC. 45% of cases expressed high level of AREG. High AREG expression in tum… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21653686 · Tinhofer et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AR OVEREXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Bicalutamide + LeuprolideCombination | Malignant Salivary Gland NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID6953In this single institution, open-label, single arm, phase II Trial, salivary gland carcinomas, staining positive for androgen receptor expression on IHC (minimum of 1% tumor cells), were treated with … (full text at CIViC) PMID 29211833 · Fushimi et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATXN7 P40Q1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9863Mutations in the polyglutamine domain of ATXN7 were identified in a forward genetic screen of HRAS G12V mutant thyroid follicular cells using a transposon-based mutagenesis system. Thyroid cancer-deri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28584132 · Montero-Conde et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATXN7 P42_P43insP1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9864Mutations in the polyglutamine domain of ATXN7 were identified in a forward genetic screen of HRAS G12V mutant thyroid follicular cells using a transposon-based mutagenesis system. Thyroid cancer-deri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28584132 · Montero-Conde et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATXN7 Q30R1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9862Mutations in the polyglutamine domain of ATXN7 were identified in a forward genetic screen of HRAS G12V mutant thyroid follicular cells using a transposon-based mutagenesis system. Thyroid cancer-deri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28584132 · Montero-Conde et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATXN7 Q39P1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Thyroid Gland Carcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9861Mutations in the polyglutamine domain of ATXN7 were identified in a forward genetic screen of HRAS G12V mutant thyroid follicular cells using a transposon-based mutagenesis system. Thyroid cancer-deri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28584132 · Montero-Conde et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| AURKB Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Alisertib + Barasertib + CopanlisibCombination | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10836Concurrent inhibition of both AURKB (and AURKA) and PI3K is synergistic in NOTCH1-wild type and NOTCH-1 mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. In NOTCH1-wt cell lines, the co… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36169922 · Shah et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BIRC7 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | E | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID8314The results proposes a potential that BIRC7 represses PTC cell autophagy, causing increase in the migration and mtastatic ability of these cells PMID 32064154 · Liu et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Kinase Domain Duplication1 | ||||||||
| Regorafenib | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID12470A 30 year old women with advanced acinic cell tumor of the right parotid gland had her disease progressed after initial systemic chemotherapy, followed by empirical erlotinib hydrochloride therapy. Pr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26562024 · Klempner et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V6001 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib/Trametinib Regimen | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID12797A 63-year-old female patient presented with BRAF V600E-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Following three surgical resections and a new chemotherapy regimen the patient was diagnosed with lung me… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37900238 · Lee et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E34 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 5 | accepted | EID80Thyroid nodule with BRAF V600E mutation is highly correlated with papillary thyroid cancer. PMID 24570209 · Crescenzi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID102Unlike other studies that suggest a poorer outcome, BRAF mutation in this study was not correlated with poorer prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer. PMID 24354346 · Walczyk et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports | ||||
Data updated 15 minutes agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| 5 |
| accepted |
EID656In patients with papillary thyroid cancer harboring both BRAF V600E and the TERT promotor mutation C228T (N=35), recurrence-free survival is worse than in patients harboring one of these mutations (N=… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25024077 · Xing et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID2137In a study of 102 papillary thyroid cancer patients with a 15 year median follow-up time, those with BRAF V600E mutations had reduced overall survival compared to those with wildtype BRAF (P=0.015, lo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18682506 · Elisei et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID9170Clinical study including 219 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to determine a correlation between the BRAF V600E mutation and poor oncological outcome. This study found that 107 of the 219 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 16174717 · Xing et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (diagnostic) | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID79BRAF V600E is shown to be associated with the tall-cell variant of papillary thyroid cancer. PMID 21594703 · Howell et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID105BRAF mutation correlated with poor prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer in both older (>65 yo) and younger (<65 yo) cohorts. PMID 21594703 · Howell et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID106BRAF V600E is correlated with poor prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer in a study of 187 patients with PTC and other thyroid diseases. PMID 24396464 · He et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID107V600E is correlated with disease recurrence in both age cohorts (>65 and <65 yo). PMID 21594703 · Howell et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID2503In a meta-analysis of 8 studies, papillary thyroid cancer patients with BRAF V600E mutation had a higher frequency of recurrence and persistent disease compared to those with wildtype BRAF (28.5% vs.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21882184 · Kim et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (oncogenic) | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13014A systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 studies comprising 978 patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) reported a pooled prevalence of BRAF V600E of 33% (95% CI, 26%–40%). When cases with… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39086414 · Behnagh et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13015Targeted next-generation sequencing of 11 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) with matched normal tissue identified BRAF V600E in 10 of 11 tumors (91%), making BRAF the most frequently mutated gene i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26980298 · Jeon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | rejected | EID13016Comprehensive genomic profiling of 68 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) identified BRAF alterations in 10.3% of tumors. BRAF mutations were more common in ATCs with a concurrent or prior papillary … (full text at CIViC) PMID 40674659 · Trivedi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13011In BRAF V600E-positive murine anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cell lines (TBP-3743, TBPt-3403, and TBPt-3610R), treatment with the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 decreased ERK phosphorylation and significa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24994118 · Vanden Borre et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13012In an orthotopic mouse model generated using BRAF V600E-positive 8505c anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells, treatment with the selective BRAF V600E inhibitor PLX4720 decreased phospho-ERK1/2 expression… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22202162 · Nehs et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13013In transgenic mice with thyroid-specific expression of BRAF V600E, Tg-BRAF2 mice developed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in 14 of 15 animals at 12 weeks and 13 of 14 animals at 22 weeks. These tum… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15899815 · Knauf et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7761In a phase 2 trial, patients with radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma harboring BRAF mutation were treated with dabrafenib alone or combination with trametinib. 94% patients havd BRAF V… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6975Interim analysis of a basket trial evaluating the combination of dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) in previously treated V600E-mutated patients showed 11/16 patients with anap… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29072975 · Subbiah et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID12960In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors evaluated the predictive relevance of the BRAF V600E variant in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) treated with MAPK pathway-targ… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38709445 · Priantti et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7762In a phase 2 trial, patients with radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma harboring BRAF mutation were treated with dabrafenib alone or combination with trametinib. 94% of patients had BRAF… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12957In this retrospective, single-center, real-world study conducted between May 2018 and April 2022, 27 patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) were stratified into three groups: patients with B… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36651156 · da Silva et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12959This multi-institutional retrospective study analyzed 44 patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) treated across three hospitals in Taiwan. BRAF mutation testing was performed in 24 patients (… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36504909 · Chang et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13281In a single-center retrospective study of 10 patients with BRAF V600E-positive papillary thyroid carcinoma treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib, 5/10 patients (50%; 95% CI 24–76%) achieved an objec… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40844731 · Ando et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13282In a single-center retrospective study of 6 patients with BRAF V600E-positive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib, 4/6 patients (67%; 95% CI 24–94%) achieved an object… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40844731 · Ando et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12956A 47-year-old woman with advanced metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) harboring a BRAF V600E mutation, identified by comprehensive genomic profiling of a resected lung metastasis, received c… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27697975 · Agarwal et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12958This single-patient case report describes a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with BRAF V600E-mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Following multiple surgical resections, the patient developed recurr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37900238 · Lee et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib/Trametinib Regimen | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID10785An updated analysis of the phase 2 ROAR basket trial evaluating combination dabrafenib and trametinib in 36 BRAF V600E mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma patients (16 patients previously described i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35026411 · Subbiah et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dasatinib | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID3775In an in vitro study, K2, a papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line expressing the BRAFV600E mutation, was associated with sensitivity to dasatinib treatment. Sensitivity was determined by assessing cel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23729178 · Henderson et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MEK Inhibitor CI-1040 | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2138In a meta-analysis of 8 studies, papillary thyroid cancer patients with BRAF V600E mutation had a higher frequency of recurrence and persistent disease compared to those with wildtype BRAF (28.5% vs.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21882184 · Kim et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID2136Thyroid cancer cell lines with BRAF V600E mutations were more sensitive to the MAPK inhibitor CI-1040 than those with wildtype BRAF (IC50: 0.031-1.251 uM vs. 44.376-278.286 uM). In a mouse xenograft m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17911174 · Liu et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib + Pembrolizumab + TrametinibCombination | Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13283In a retrospective single-center cohort of patients with BRAF V600E-mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, 30 patients treated with upfront dabrafenib, trametinib, and pembrolizumab had a significantly… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38226606 · Hamidi et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PLX4720 + PonatinibCombination | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID8033Ghosh et al. provide compelling evidence that thyroid cancers with a BRAFV600E mutation are sensitive to combined PLX4720 and Ponatinib treatment. They predicted a synergistic effect using HTS of acti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31937621 · Ghosh et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PLX4720 + PonatinibCombination | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID8040Both in vitro and in vivo models in Kebebew et al. provide evidence that a combinatorial treatment of PLX4720 (a BRAF inhibitor) and ponatinib (a multi targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor) shows poten… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31937621 · Ghosh et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RDEA 119 | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2140In a meta-analysis of 8 studies, papillary thyroid cancer patients with BRAF V600E mutation had a higher frequency of recurrence and persistent disease compared to those with wildtype BRAF (28.5% vs.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21882184 · Kim et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |