Cancer Family
Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000229Explore in graph →
Loading cancer entity…
Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000229Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,218 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSPB1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID939HSP27 (HSPB1) expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines was associated with sensitivity to treatment with gemcitabine. PMID 22004109 · Schäfer et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HSPH1 NUCLEAR EXPRESSION2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1162HSP110 (HSPH1) expression was immunohistochemically assessed using a tissue microarray in 210 gastric cancer patients. The overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high nuclear e… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26943774 · Kimura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cisplatin + FluorouracilSubstitutes | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID116349 patients gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were immunohistochemically assessed for nuclear HSPH1 (HSP110) expression. Overall survival rate in the high expression group (2+… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26943774 · Kimura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HSPH1 T17 DELETION1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil + OxaliplatinCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1164329 consecutive patients with stage II–III colorectal tumors with MSI after surgical resection at tertiary medical centers were screened for HSP110 T(17) by PCR. Patients underwent adjuvant chemothera… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24512910 · Collura et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IDH1 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Ivosidenib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7447In a phase1 trial, 73 patients with cholangiocarcinoma harboring IDH1 mutations were treated with mutant IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib. The response rate was 5%, median progression free survival was 3.8 m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31300360 · Lowery et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IDH1 R1322 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6439Through a high-throughput drug screen of a large panel of cancer cell lines, including 17 biliary tract cancers, this work found that IDH mutant (IDHm) ICC cells demonstrate a striking response to the… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27231123 · Saha et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Ivosidenib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID10886The multicenter randomized double-blind phase 3 study included patients with IDH1-mutant cholangiocarcinoma who had progressed on previous therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to Ivosidenib or pla… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32416072 · Abou-Alfa et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IDH1 R132H1 | ||||||||
| Ivosidenib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID5987A 48-year-old female was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and subsequently started on standard of care chemotherapy, during which her hepatic lesions progressed. Detailed mol… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27466707 · Brody et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IGF2 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Ganitumab + GemcitabineCombination | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID7000In pancreatic cancer patients, ganitumab was associated with improved OS compared with placebo. The effect of ganitumab on improved OS was stronger for patients with higher levels of IGF-2. As Figur… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23741071 · McCaffery et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IL6 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Cisplatin | Esophageal Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID7851Two human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, KYSE170 and TE13, were transfected with the IL6 gene. These cell lines produced 5-6 fold (KYSE170) and 16-17 fold (TE13) IL6 compared to contr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21273582 · Suchi et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IRS2 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Dual IGF-1R/InsR Inhibitor BMS-754807 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7075Cell lines with IRS2 copy number gain had higher levels of ligand-stimulated activation of IGF-1R and AKT. IRS2 siRNA knockdown reduced IRS2 protein expression levels and decreased sensitivity to BMS-… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25527633 · Huang et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 A1086S1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10058JAK1 mutations were identified by sequencing 60 HCC PDX tumour models. There mutations were then functionally characterized. HEK293FT cells were transfected with JAK1 WT or mutants (N451S, E483D, S703… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 E483D1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10057JAK1 mutations were identified by sequencing 60 HCC PDX tumour models. There mutations were then functionally characterized. HEK293FT cells were transfected with JAK1 WT or mutants (N451S, E483D, S703… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 N451S1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10056JAK1 mutations were identified by sequencing 60 HCC PDX tumour models. There mutations were then functionally characterized. HEK293FT cells were transfected with JAK1 WT or mutants (N451S, E483D, S703… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 S703I1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1900A JAK1 S703I mutation was found to activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ruxolitinib causes the suppression of JAK-STAT signaling pathway in PDX mod… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 W690*1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID2981This study finds JAK1 and JAK2 mutation as determinants of primary resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy. Baseline tumors from patients with melanoma and colon cancer who did not respond to PD-1 blockad… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27903500 · Shin et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JUN Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Irbesartan | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1633A 67-year-old female presents with recurrent metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical and genetic workup showed overexpression of c-JUN and FOS, which presumably signals through the RAA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27022066 · Jones et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALK Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Alectinib | Pancreatic Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID10327Case report of a 62-year old male patient diagnosed with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Liver metastases were diagnosed and treatment was started with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel regimen. After… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35005993 · Gaule et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDM6A Loss1 | ||||||||
| BET Inhibitor | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11750In this study, sensitivity to BET domain inhibitors was tested in KDM6A-null pancreatic cancer cell lines. The BET inhibitor was reported to inhibit the growth of KDM6A null cell lines upon transplant… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29533787 · Andricovich et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR G800D1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9952COLO-320 colon cancer cells transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) G800D caused tumor formation reaching the established humane endpoint in immune deficient mice, while empty vector and a kinase inactive VEGFR… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR G800R1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9953COLO-320 colon cancer cells transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) G800R caused tumor formation reaching the established humane endpoint in immune deficient mice, while empty vector and a kinase inactive VEGFR… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR G843D1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9954COLO-320 colon cancer cells transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) G843D caused tumor formation reaching the established humane endpoint in immune deficient mice, while empty vector and a kinase inactive VEGFR… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR L840F1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9951COLO-320 colon cancer cells transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) L840F caused tumor formation reaching the established humane endpoint in immune deficient mice, while empty vector and a kinase inactive VEGFR… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR R1022Q1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9956COLO-320 colon cancer cells transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) R1022Q caused tumor formation reaching the established humane endpoint in immune deficient mice, while empty vector and a kinase inactive VEGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR R1032Q2 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9957COLO-320 colon cancer cells transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) R1032Q caused tumor formation reaching the established humane endpoint in immune deficient mice, while empty vector and a kinase inactive VEGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Axitinib + Cabozantinib + Dovitinib + LenvatinibSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID9339R1032Q affects the gene's universal kinase catalytic motif. The authors found that injection of mice with COLO-320 cells that harbor this mutation resulted in tumor generation, indicating that this mu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR R961W1 | ||||||||
| Regorafenib Anhydrous | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1191Case Report of a 84-year-old woman with stage IVb CRC after progression under 5-fluorouracil and bevacizumab. NGS revealed a frameshift mutation in APC, a missense mutation in KRAS. Variants of uncert… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27004155 · Loaiza-Bonilla et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR S1100F1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9950The colon cancer cell line COLO-320 was transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) S1100F mutation. When injected into immune deficient mice, these cells were capable of causing tumor formation reaching the establ… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR S925F1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID9955COLO-320 colon cancer cells transfected with VEGFR2 (KDR) S925F caused tumor formation reaching the established humane endpoint in immune deficient mice, while empty vector and a kinase inactive VEGFR… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29588308 · Toledo et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIF23 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1745KIF23 variant 1 was found to be expressed in the cDNA of tumor tissues from a large cohort of HCC patients of chinese descent via PCR. This expression was absent in the normal tissues of these patient… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26674738 · Sun et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT Internal Duplication1 | ||||||||
| Imatinib | Anal MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID302In a case study, a patient with anal melanoma harboring a 7 codon duplication in the juxtamambrane region (exon 11) of KIT showed marked response 4 months after imatinib treatment. PMID 18421059 · Hodi et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Imatinib | Malignant Digestive System NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID10152Imatinib-resistant GIST882IR cells were derived by treating mice inoculated with GIST882 with imatinib over 6 passages. Western blots showed increased KIT protein expression in GIST882IR cells compare… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26587973 · Lai et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT V5591 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib + ImatinibSequential | Malignant Digestive System NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID3030High efficacy toward the imatinib-sensitive KITV559D mutant, with an IC50 of 82 nM. Also, decrease in KIT activation with an increasing dose of dasatinib (while total protein expression remaining unaf… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21953054 · Emile et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2D Loss-of-function2 | ||||||||
| Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12583In a retrospective TCGA cohort of microsatellite-instable colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 43; KMT2D LOF = 16, WT = 27), KMT2D loss of function was associated with higher TMB (p < 0.001), higher neoanti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39578878 · Takemon et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| WRN Inhibitor HRO761 + WRN Inhibitor RO7589831Substitutes | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12584In microsatellite-instable (MSI) colorectal carcinoma cell-line assays, KMT2D loss of function (LOF) stratified sensitivity to WRN perturbation. In DepMap viability data, WRN knockout was lethal in MS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39578878 · Takemon et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS A11_G12insGA1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | accepted | EID9331FFPE tumor tissue from 1506 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients was analyzed at codons 12, 13, 61 and 146 by PCR. 672 KRAS mutations were found in 670 patients, and from these, two were inframe inserti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24642870 · Tong et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS A1462 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | submitted | EID10656A study of 419 patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer identified 12 with A146 mutations. Compared to KRAS G12 tumors, patients with A146 positive tumors exhibited higher ctDNA levels. Pat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34820593 · van 't Erve et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID3939This was a retrospective study of 605 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy. Patients harboring KRAS codon 146 mutant tumors (n=11) … (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS A146P9 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13020In a systematic analysis of KRAS mutations across 2,280 KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer samples from three large clinical sequencing cohorts (DFCI, TCGA, MSKCC), KRAS A146P was confirmed as one of three… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41299036 · Navarro-Jiménez et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13019Edkins et al. identified KRAS c.436G>C (p.A146P) in one primary colorectal cancer, PD1978a, during sequencing of two independent colorectal cancer cohorts. Normal DNA from the same individuals was ana… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16969076 · Edkins et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| KRAS A146T3 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID7167The variant was found in 6 of 220 primary colorectal cancer patients. Found in 2 Colorectal Cancer cell lines: HCC2998 and LS1034 Found in 1 AML cell line: ML-2 Mutations of this residue presumably al… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16969076 · Edkins et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID2226In irinotecan-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer patients who had been treated with cetuximab and irinotecan, KRAS mutations in codon 61 or 146 were associated with shorter progression-free surviv… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603018 · Loupakis et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
Data updated 12 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Resistance |
| — |
| submitted |
EID3856In a retrospective study of 138 metastatic irinotecan-refractory, colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 61 or 146 mutation (8/68) treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603018 · Loupakis et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2225In a retrospective study of 68 irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients, one patient's tumor harbored a KRAS codon 146 mutation but was wildtype for BRAF, and KRAS codons 12, 13, an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603018 · Loupakis et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID13017In a retrospective study of patients with irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer whose tumors were wild type for KRAS codons 12 and 13, one patient whose tumor harbored a KRAS A146 mutatio… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603018 · Loupakis et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PD98059Substitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12068Colorectal cancer cell line HT29 was invected with KRAS lentivirus constructs for wildtype, A146V, A146T, A146P, and empty. Cells were treated with the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab, and MEK… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30448735 · Seol et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID13023In a pooled analysis of the CAVE (cetuximab + avelumab) and VELO (panitumumab + trifluridine/tipiracil) anti-EGFR rechallenge trials in tissue RAS-wild-type mCRC, pretreatment plasma ctDNA genotyping … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37046778 · Ciardiello et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FOLFIRI-Panitumumab Regimen + PanitumumabCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID13022In a prospective-retrospective analysis of the second-line phase III 20050181 trial, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer received panitumumab plus FOLFIRI or FOLFIRI alone. Extended RAS testing… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26341920 · Peeters et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FOLFOX-4 Regimen + PanitumumabCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID13021In the PRIME trial, patients with KRAS exon 3/4 or NRAS mutations beyond exon 2 (n=108) had worse outcomes with panitumumab-FOLFOX4 vs. FOLFOX4 alone (PFS HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.79–2.07; updated OS HR 1.39… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24024839 · Douillard et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Resistance |
| — |
| submitted |
EID3857In a retrospective study of 138 metastatic irinotecan-refractory, colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 61 or 146 mutation (8/68) treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy were associa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603018 · Loupakis et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |