PD-L1 expression

Programmed death-ligand 1 protein expression measured by immunohistochemistry on tumor and/or immune cells; used as a predictive marker for PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in many carcinomas.

CI-BIO-00000026CD274 graph →NCIt C128554 Tumor-agnostic · 1 approval row

Also calledPD-L1 · CD274 · B7-H1 · programmed death-ligand 1 · PD-L1 TPS · PD-L1 CPS

Tissue-agnostic indications

Approval rows flagged tumor-agnostic (1)

Pembrolizumab US FDA · Sep 4, 2014 · drug + indication textRegulatory approved

The flag is the source's (openFDA label text), never inferred; the full indication text of each row is in the Approvals section below.

Derived

Associated cancers (10)

Cancers mapped in ACCEPTED CIViC predictive, prognostic or diagnostic items whose variant (molecular markers) or gene (gene-level markers) is in this biomarker's scope. Counts by type and native level; each row links to the cancer's evidence tab.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Cancer	Items	Predictive	Prognostic	Diagnostic	Levels A / B / C / D / E
Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	8	6	2	—	0 / 8 / 0 / 0 / 0
Malignant Neoplasm	3	1	2	—	0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Malignant Breast Neoplasm	2

Derived

Drugs with predictive evidence (7)

Therapies named in in-scope PREDICTIVE CIViC items, plus targets of PREDICTS_RESPONSE_TO knowledge edges from in-scope variants. Sensitivity and resistance are counted separately and never merged into a verdict.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Drug	CIViC items	Sensitivity	Resistance	Best level	Edges (S / R)	Cancer context
PembrolizumabMonoclonal Antibody	7	7	—	B	6 / 0	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma
NivolumabMonoclonal Antibody	6	6	—	B	5 / 0	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma, Malignant Neoplasm, Melanoma
AtezolizumabMonoclonal Antibody	3	3	—	B	3 / 0	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
AvelumabMonoclonal Antibody	2	2	—	B	2 / 0	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
DurvalumabMonoclonal Antibody	1	1	—	B	1 / 0	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma
Radiation Therapy	1	—	1	B	0 / 1	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
IpilimumabMonoclonal Antibody	1	1	—	B	—	Melanoma

Curatedcivic items and knowledge edges as curated at the source.

Curated evidence

Predictive evidence items (11)

ACCEPTED CIViC predictive items in scope, grouped by molecular profile and therapy with native level, direction and cancer context. 50 per page.

civicCuratedShowing 1–11 of 11 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
CD274 Expression11
Radiation Therapy	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	Predictive	B	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID3000 Radiation-resistant cell lines exhibited upregulation and increased activation of Axl, PI3 kinase signalling as well as increased expression of PD-L1. In 3 cohorts of HPV-negative head and neck squamo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28476872 · Skinner et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC	civic
Atezolizumab	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID1172 Exploratory biomarker analysis from a phase-II randomized trial comparing atezolizumab (PD-L1) and docetaxel in previously treated, advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Baseline PD-L1 ex… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26970723 · Fehrenbacher et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
Nivolumab + PembrolizumabSubstitutes	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID743 Based on a meta-analysis of 20 trials (1475 patients), PD-L1 expression was associated with a higher ORR rate in patients with NSCLC. Active drugs were Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, PD-1 receptor targe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26086854 · Carbognin et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
Atezolizumab + Avelumab + Nivolumab + PembrolizumabSubstitutes	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID1167 Meta-Analysis of PD-L1 (CD274) Expression Status in 914 patients (7 studies) and response to PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. Patients with PD-L1 positive tumors (PD-L1 tumor cell staining ≥1%), had … (full text at CIViC) PMID 26918451 · Passiglia et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
Atezolizumab + Avelumab + Durvalumab + Nivolumab + PembrolizumabSubstitutes	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID4857 In this meta-analysis of 14 studies with 2857 patients, the immunotherapy response rate was higher among PD-L1-positive patients (RR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.63-2.94). PD-L1 expression was also related to bet… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28472902 · Aguiar et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC	civic
Pembrolizumab	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID1733 This open-label, randomized, phase-3 clinical trial compared pembrolizumab to chemotherapy in treating NSCLC patients with PD-L1 expression on at least 50% of tumor cells and no sensitizing mutation o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27718847 · Reck et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID5811 PD-L1 expression in at least 50% of tumor cells correlated with improved efficacy of pembrolizumab. PMID 25891174 · Garon et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
Nivolumab	Malignant NeoplasmALIAS	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID1517 Trial NCT00730639 tested monoclonal antibody nivolumab against the PD-1 immune checkpoint receptor in pretreated patients with various cancer types. PD-L1 expression was tested in 42 patients by ICH f… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22658127 · Topalian et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
Ipilimumab + NivolumabCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID1615 A clinical trial of 86 patients evaluated concurrent (n=53) or sequential (n=33) treatment of ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4) and nivolumab (anti-PD1). In the concurrent regimen cohort, 65% of patients showed… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23724867 · Wolchok et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC	civic
Nivolumab + PembrolizumabSubstitutes	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID704 Based on a meta-analysis of 20 trials (1475 patients), of which 7 studies (636 patients) included melanoma, PD-L1 expression was associated with a higher ORR rate in patients with melanoma. Active dru… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26086854 · Carbognin et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
Pembrolizumab	Merkel Cell Carcinoma	Predictive	B	Does Not Support Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID1578 Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma (n=26) were enrolled to receive pembrolizumab. Of these patients, 25 were evaluated for response rate to pembrolizumab and PD-L1 (CD274) expression. The response ra… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27093365 · Nghiem et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic

Regulatory

Approvals mentioning the linked drugs (379)

Approval records of the derived drug set, plus records whose indication text names this biomarker. Each record names its authority, jurisdiction, indication text and status — a drug approved in one jurisdiction for one indication is not 'approved' in general, and an approval listed here is not necessarily restricted to this biomarker.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

openfdaRegulatory50 approval records · authority, jurisdiction and indication text as published.

Drug	Jurisdiction · authority	Cancer	Indication	Status	Approval date	Source
Avelumab	US FDA	—	Patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC who: Have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy. • Have disease progression within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.	approved	Mar 23, 2017	openfda
Avelumab	US FDA	Urothelial Carcinoma	Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) Maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC that has not progressed with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy.	approved	Mar 23, 2017	openfda
Belzutifan	US FDA	Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma	as monotherapy, for treatment of adult patients with advanced ccRCC following a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor and a vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF-TKI).	approved	Aug 13, 2021	openfda

17 records matched on indication text only (drug not in the derived set). Health Canada DIN rows carry no indication text and only match by drug.

Clinical trials

Active trials (652)

Trials with an active ClinicalTrials.gov status, an intervention mapped to a derived drug and a condition mapped to an associated cancer. 280 recruiting · 152 active phase 3 · 1,808 in any status. Most recently updated first, 50 per page.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

clinicaltrialsPublishedShowing 601–650 of 652 active studies · status and phase as posted by the registrant; each row links to the study record.

NCT	Title	Status	Phase	Enrollment (n)	Sponsor	Countries	Last update	Source
NCT04597671	Durvalumab and Low-dose PCI vs Durvalumab and Observation in Radically Treated Patients With Stage III NSCLC (NVALT28)(NVALT28)	active not recruiting	Phase 3	170	Association NVALT StudiesOTHER	1	Jan 29, 2025	clinicaltrials
NCT02299999	SAFIR02_Breast - Efficacy of Genome Analysis as a Therapeutic Decision Tool for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer(SAFIR02_Breast)	active not recruiting	Phase 2	1,460	UNICANCEROTHER	1	Jan 15, 2025	clinicaltrials
NCT03546361	CCL21-Gene Modified Dendritic Cell Vaccine and Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer	active not recruiting	Phase 1	24	Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterOTHER	1	Jan 14, 2025	clinicaltrials
NCT04440735	A Study of DSP107 Alone and in Combination with Atezolizumab for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors	active not recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	125	Kahr MedicalINDUSTRY	1	Jan 9, 2025	clinicaltrials
NCT05877430	Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of CJRB-101 With Pembrolizumab in Subjects With Selected Types of Advanced or Metastatic Cancer	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	160	CJ Bioscience, Inc.INDUSTRY	2	Dec 20, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT04956692	Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Subcutaneous (SC) Versus Pembrolizumab Intravenous (IV) Administered With Platinum Doublet Chemotherapy in Participants With Metastatic Squamous or Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (MK-3475-A86)	active not recruiting	Phase 3	531	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLCINDUSTRY	16	Dec 3, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03553836	Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab Compared to Placebo in Resected High-risk Stage II Melanoma (MK-3475-716/KEYNOTE-716)	active not recruiting	Phase 3	976	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLCINDUSTRY	16	Nov 29, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05128487	A Study of NDI 1150-101 in Patients With Solid Tumors	active not recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	106	Nimbus Saturn, Inc.INDUSTRY	1	Nov 25, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03845166	A Study of XL092 as Single-Agent and Combination Therapy in Subjects With Solid Tumors(STELLAR-001)	active not recruiting	Phase 1	325	ExelixisINDUSTRY	10	Nov 19, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03971045	Pembrolizumab and Oral Metronomic Cyclophosphamide in Patients With Chest Wall Breast Cancer(PERICLES)	recruiting	Phase 2	46	European Institute of OncologyOTHER	1	Nov 19, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT04787042	Phase 1a and Phase 2 Study for Safety, Preliminary Efficacy, PK and PD of ST-067	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	316	Simcha IL-18, Inc.INDUSTRY	1	Nov 15, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06240143	Intradermal Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in High Risk Stage II Melanoma(MARIANE)	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	96	The Netherlands Cancer InstituteOTHER	1	Nov 14, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03813836	Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab in Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC(POPPY)	active not recruiting	Phase 2	63	University College, LondonOTHER	1	Nov 12, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06532812	TIL Gean Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy for Advanced or Metastatic Refractory Breast Cancer(BAH249)	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	85	Essen BiotechOTHER	1	Nov 12, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05501665	Split Course Adaptive Radiation Therapy With Pembrolizumab With/Without Chemotherapy for Treating Stage IV Lung Cancer	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	25	Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer CenterOTHER	1	Oct 17, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05286619	A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Platinum and Gemcitabine as First Line Treatment of Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PIPER)(PIPER)	recruiting	Phase 2	63	University of MalayaOTHER	1	Oct 15, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05620134	Study of JK08 in Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancer	active not recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	263	Salubris Biotherapeutics IncINDUSTRY	2	Oct 15, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06538012	TIL Therapy Combined With Pembrolizumab for Advanced or Metastatic Refractory Lung Cancer(BAH2472)	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	85	Essen BiotechOTHER	1	Oct 15, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03546426	Pembrolizumab Plus Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with PD-L1 Negative Advanced Mesothelioma Who Have Failed Prior Therapies(MESOVAX)	active not recruiting	Phase 1	18	Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori Dino Amadori IRST S.r.l. IRCCSOTHER	1	Oct 1, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06137378	European Larynx Organ Preservation Study (ELOS) [MK-3475-C44](ELOS)	recruiting	Phase 2	140	University of LeipzigOTHER	1	Sep 20, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT04205227	ENB003 Plus Pembrolizumab Phase 1b/2a in Solid Tumors	active not recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	137	ENB Therapeutics, IncINDUSTRY	2	Sep 19, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05295212	Atezolizumab Combined With Platinum-based Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Resectable Stage II-IIIB	recruiting	Phase 2	120	Hunan Province Tumor HospitalOTHER	1	Sep 19, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06342037	NOvel Immunotherapy Strategies for Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Patients: TONIC-3 Trial(TONIC-3)	recruiting	Phase 2	60	The Netherlands Cancer InstituteOTHER	1	Sep 19, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06100497	Efficacy and Safety of PD-1 Plus Chemotherapy in Poorly Differentiated Locally Advanced (LA) HNSCC	recruiting	Phase 2	100	Beijing Tongren HospitalOTHER	1	Aug 9, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06532149	ERectile Dysfunctions, gOnadotoxicity and Sexual Health Assessment in Men With Lung Cancer(EROS)	recruiting	—	80	Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSOTHER	1	Aug 9, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06542731	An Open-label, Uncontrolled Study of ONO-4578 and ONO-4538 in Combination With Standard-of-care Docetaxel and Ramucirumab as Second-line Therapy in Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer	active not recruiting	Phase 1	42	Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.INDUSTRY	1	Aug 7, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06508216	A Study to Explore Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-tumor Activity of Novel Therapeutics in Patients With Early Relapsed Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer(COMPASS-TNBC)	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	50	Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand ParisOTHER	1	Jul 22, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05159245	The Finnish National Study to Facilitate Patient Access to Targeted Anti-cancer Drugs(FINPROVE)	recruiting	Phase 2	250	Helsinki University Central HospitalOTHER	1	Jul 15, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03769129	Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab Combined With MWA for Advanced NSCLC	recruiting	N/A	100	Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityOTHER	1	Jun 25, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06472583	Preoperative Immunotherapy Combined With Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Boost in the Treatment of HER2-negative Breast Cancer(BREAST-BOOSTER)	recruiting	Phase 2	78	Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyOTHER	1	Jun 25, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05720260	Immunotherapy, Hormone Therapy, and AKT Inhibitor for Premenopausal ER Positive MBC	recruiting	Phase 2	42	National Taiwan University HospitalOTHER	1	Jun 10, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03815890	Pre-operative Trial for Breast Cancer With Nivolumab in Combination With Novel IO(BELLINI)	recruiting	Phase 2	80	The Netherlands Cancer InstituteOTHER	1	May 30, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT04309409	Adjuvant Nivolumab Treatment in Stage II (IIA, IIB, IIC) High-risk Melanoma(NivoMela)	active not recruiting	Phase 3	374	University Hospital, EssenOTHER	1	May 23, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05859217	A Study of Combining Cabozantinib and Atezolizumab for Advanced/Metastatic NSCLC (Cabatezo-1)(Cabatezo-1)	not yet recruiting	Phase 2	40	Jun Zhang, MD, PhDOTHER	1	May 8, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05033756	Comprehensive Analysis of Predictors of the Treatment With Pembrolizumab and Olaparib in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic HER2 Negative Breast Cancer and a Deleterious Germline Mutation or a Homologous Recombination Deficiency (COMPRENDO(COMPRENDO)	active not recruiting	Phase 2	11	Institut fuer FrauengesundheitOTHER	1	May 7, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT03685890	Evaluating the Effect of Nivolumab for Patients With In-transit Metastases Treated With Isolated Limb Perfusion(NivoILP)	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	74	Vastra Gotaland RegionOTHER_GOV	2	Apr 25, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05383716	Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy(NeoP)	active not recruiting	Phase 2	80	Peking Union Medical College HospitalOTHER	1	Apr 23, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05280314	Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant IO102-IO103 and Pembrolizumab KEYTRUDA® in Patients With Resectable Tumors	recruiting	Phase 2	60	IO BiotechINDUSTRY	6	Mar 18, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT04300244	Nivolumab and Ipilimumab +/- UV1 Vaccination as Second Line Treatment in Patients With Malignant Mesothelioma(NIPU)	active not recruiting	Phase 2	118	Åslaug HellandOTHER	5	Feb 29, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT04392505	Durvalumab(MEDI4736) After chemoRadioTherapy(DART) for NSCLC-a Translational and Biomarker Study(DART)	active not recruiting	Phase 2	100	Oslo University HospitalOTHER	4	Feb 29, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT05746897	A First-in-human, Phase I, Open-label, Multicenter Study of NM1F(Anti-PVRIG) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors	recruiting	Phase 1	38	Hefei TG ImmunoPharma Co., Ltd.OTHER	1	Jan 26, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06212388	Allogeneic Gammadelta T Cells Combined With Interferon-α1b or PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Stage III-IV Amenable to Surgical Resection Melanoma	not yet recruiting	Early Phase 1	10	Xijing HospitalOTHER	0	Jan 25, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT02925234	The Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP Trial)(DRUP)	recruiting	Phase 2	1,550	The Netherlands Cancer InstituteOTHER	1	Jan 24, 2024	clinicaltrials
NCT06102395	Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Plus Standard Chemotherapy in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Local Advanced (LA) HNSCC	recruiting	Phase 3	272	Beijing Tongren HospitalOTHER	1	Oct 30, 2023	clinicaltrials
NCT03563729	Melanoma Metastasized to the Brain and Steroids(MEMBRAINS)	recruiting	Phase 2	80	Inge Marie SvaneOTHER	1	Jul 13, 2023	clinicaltrials
NCT02068196	A National Phase IV Study With Ipilimumab for Patients With Advanced Malignant Melanoma.(Ipi4)	active not recruiting	Phase 4	150	Oslo University HospitalOTHER	1	Mar 24, 2023	clinicaltrials
NCT05320588	A Study in Patients With Advanced Cancers	recruiting	Phase 1 / Phase 2	332	BiOneCure Therapeutics Inc.INDUSTRY	1	Jul 19, 2022	clinicaltrials
NCT03836352	Study of an Immunotherapeutic, DPX-Survivac, in Combination With Low Dose Cyclophosphamide & Pembrolizumab, in Subjects With Selected Advanced & Recurrent Solid Tumors	active not recruiting	Phase 2	184	ImmunoVaccine Technologies, Inc. (IMV Inc.)INDUSTRY	2	Mar 31, 2022	clinicaltrials
NCT04159818	Immune Induction Strategies to Improve Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Patients(TONIC-2)	recruiting	Phase 2	52	The Netherlands Cancer InstituteOTHER	1	Mar 22, 2022	clinicaltrials
NCT04465968	Efficacy and Safety of CRT, Durvalumab and Surgery for SST(DEEP_OCEAN)	not yet recruiting	Phase 3	84	National Cancer Center Hospital EastOTHER	0	Jul 10, 2020	clinicaltrials

A study listed here tests a linked drug in a linked cancer; it does not necessarily select participants on this biomarker.

Approval rows flagged tumor-agnostic (1)

Associated cancers (10)

Drugs with predictive evidence (7)

Predictive evidence items (11)

Approvals mentioning the linked drugs (379)

Active trials (652)

Linked publications (20)