Biomarker · Gene alteration

MET amplification

Increased MET gene copy number detected by FISH or sequencing; studied as a predictive marker and as a resistance mechanism to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.

CI-BIO-00000021MET graph →NCIt C43532

Also calledMET amp · c-MET amplification · MET copy-number gain

Derived

Associated cancers (7)

Cancers mapped in ACCEPTED CIViC predictive, prognostic or diagnostic items whose variant (molecular markers) or gene (gene-level markers) is in this biomarker's scope. Counts by type and native level; each row links to the cancer's evidence tab.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Cancer	Items	Predictive	Prognostic	Diagnostic	Levels A / B / C / D / E
Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	5	5	—	—	0 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 0
Lung Adenocarcinoma	3	3	—	—	0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0
Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm	3	3	—	—	0 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 0
Gastric Adenocarcinoma	1	1	—	—	0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0

Derived

Drugs with predictive evidence (8)

Therapies named in in-scope PREDICTIVE CIViC items, plus targets of PREDICTS_RESPONSE_TO knowledge edges from in-scope variants. Sensitivity and resistance are counted separately and never merged into a verdict.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

Drug	CIViC items	Sensitivity	Resistance	Best level	Edges (S / R)	Cancer context
CrizotinibSmall Molecule	11	11	—	C	11 / 0	Glioblastoma, Lung Adenocarcinoma, Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma, Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma +2
GefitinibSmall Molecule	2	—	2	C

Curated evidence

Predictive evidence items (15)

ACCEPTED CIViC predictive items in scope, grouped by molecular profile and therapy with native level, direction and cancer context. 50 per page.

civicCuratedShowing 1–15 of 15 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
MET Amplification12
Onartuzumab

Regulatory

Approvals mentioning the linked drugs (84)

Approval records of the derived drug set, plus records whose indication text names this biomarker. Each record names its authority, jurisdiction, indication text and status — a drug approved in one jurisdiction for one indication is not 'approved' in general, and an approval listed here is not necessarily restricted to this biomarker.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

openfda

Clinical trials

Active trials (103)

Trials with an active ClinicalTrials.gov status, an intervention mapped to a derived drug and a condition mapped to an associated cancer. 52 recruiting · 25 active phase 3 · 740 in any status. Most recently updated first, 50 per page.

Computedrule biomarker-links-v1

clinicaltrialsPublishedShowing 51–100 of 103 active studies · status and phase as posted by the registrant; each row links to the study record.

NCT	Title	Status	Phase	Enrollment (n)	Sponsor	Countries	Last update	Source
NCT05358249	Platform Study of JDQ443 in Combinations in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring the KRAS G12C Mutation(KontRASt-03)	active not recruiting

Literature

Linked publications (14)

Publications linked to the scope variant(s) through PubMed entity edges; 25 per page, newest first.

pubmedPublishedShowing 1–14 of 14 publications · bibliographic data as recorded by PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced.

Analysis of tumor specimens at the time of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in 155 patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers.
· Clin Cancer Res · 2013 · PMID 23470965 · validated civic_curation pubmed
MET-Driven Resistance to Dual EGFR and BRAF Blockade May Be Overcome by Switching from EGFR to MET Inhibition in BRAF-Mutated Colorectal Cancer.
· Cancer Discov · 2016 · PMID 27325282 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Durable complete response of metastatic gastric cancer with anti-Met therapy followed by resistance at recurrence.
· Cancer Discov · 2011 · PMID 22389872 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Activity of crizotinib (PF02341066), a dual mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, in a non-small cell lung cancer patient with de novo MET amplification.

KRAS Mutation + MET AmplificationMET KRAS2
Cetuximab + CrizotinibCombination	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID1979 Functional studies show that MET activation confers resistance to anti-EGFR therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, in patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts, MET amplification correlated wi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23729478 · Bardelli et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC	civic
Cetuximab/Irinotecan Regimen + PanitumumabSubstitutes	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	C	Supports Resistance	3	accepted	EID1971 7 patients with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors were analyzed in this study. Of these, 4 did not develop KRAS mutations. Post- and Pre-Treatment tissued was available of three patients and MET … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23729478 · Bardelli et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC	civic

Drug	Jurisdiction · authority	Cancer	Indication	Status	Approval date	Source
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2021-09-24 (see label)	approved	Sep 24, 2021	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2021-04-06 (see label)	approved	Apr 6, 2021	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2021-04-06 (see label)	approved	Apr 6, 2021	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2012-07-06 (see label)	approved	Jul 6, 2012	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2011-11-07 (see label)	approved	Nov 7, 2011	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2007-10-02 (see label)	approved	Oct 2, 2007	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2006-03-01 (see label)	approved	Mar 1, 2006	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2006-03-01 (see label)	approved	Mar 1, 2006	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	Head and Neck Cancer Locally or regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in combination with radiation therapy.	approved	Feb 12, 2004	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm	Limitations of Use: ERBITUX is not indicated for treatment of Ras-mutant colorectal cancer or when the results of the Ras mutation tests are unknown. ( 5.7 ) BRAF V600E Mutation-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC) in combination with encorafenib, for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-approved test, after prior therapy.	approved	Feb 12, 2004	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm	Colorectal Cancer K-Ras wild-type, EGFR-expressing, metastatic colorectal cancer as determined by an FDA-approved test in combination with FOLFIRI for first-line treatment, in combination with irinotecan in patients who are refractory to irinotecan-based chemotherapy, as a single-agent in patients who have failed oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based chemotherapy or who are intolerant to irinotecan.	approved	Feb 12, 2004	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	Recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck progressing after platinum-based therapy.	approved	Feb 12, 2004	openfda
Cetuximab	US FDA	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma	Recurrent locoregional disease or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in combination with platinum-based therapy with fluorouracil.	approved	Feb 12, 2004	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma	o Limitations of Use: The safety and efficacy of XALKORI have not been established in older adults with relapsed or refractory, systemic ALK-positive ALCL. • adult and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with unresectable, recurrent, or refractory inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) that is ALK-positive.	approved	Sep 7, 2023	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	XALKORI is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of • adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors are anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or ROS1-positive as detected by an FDA-approved test.	approved	Sep 7, 2023	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2023-09-07 (see label)	approved	Sep 7, 2023	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma	pediatric patients 1 year of age and older and young adults with relapsed or refractory, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) that is ALK-positive.	approved	Sep 7, 2023	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2022-07-14 (see label)	approved	Jul 14, 2022	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2021-01-14 (see label)	approved	Jan 14, 2021	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2018-11-30 (see label)	approved	Nov 30, 2018	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2017-04-28 (see label)	approved	Apr 28, 2017	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2016-03-11 (see label)	approved	Mar 11, 2016	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2015-09-14 (see label)	approved	Sep 14, 2015	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2013-11-20 (see label)	approved	Nov 20, 2013	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma	o Limitations of Use: The safety and efficacy of XALKORI have not been established in older adults with relapsed or refractory, systemic ALK-positive ALCL. • adult and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with unresectable, recurrent, or refractory inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) that is ALK-positive.	approved	Aug 26, 2011	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma	pediatric patients 1 year of age and older and young adults with relapsed or refractory, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) that is ALK-positive.	approved	Aug 26, 2011	openfda
Crizotinib	US FDA	—	XALKORI is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of • adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors are anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or ROS1-positive as detected by an FDA-approved test.	approved	Aug 26, 2011	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	The treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test receiving first-line, maintenance, or second or greater line treatment after progression following at least one prior chemotherapy regimen.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm	First-line treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer, in combination with gemcitabine.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	—	Erlotinib tablets are not recommended for use in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	Limitations of Use: Safety and efficacy of erlotinib tablets have not been established in patients with NSCLC whose tumors have other EGFR mutations.	approved	Nov 9, 2020	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	The treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test receiving first-line, maintenance, or second or greater line treatment after progression following at least one prior chemotherapy regimen.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	Limitations of Use: Safety and efficacy of erlotinib tablets have not been established in patients with NSCLC whose tumors have other EGFR mutations.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	—	Erlotinib tablets are not recommended for use in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Erlotinib	US FDA	Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm	First-line treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer, in combination with gemcitabine.	approved	Aug 28, 2015	openfda
Gefitinib	US FDA	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	IRESSA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Limitation of Use: Safety and efficacy of IRESSA have not been established in patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors have EGFR mutations other than exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . IRESSA is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test. (1) Limitation of Use: Safety and efficacy of IRESSA have not been established in patients whose tumors have EGFR mutations other than exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations. (1)	approved	Jul 13, 2015	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2025-01-16 (see label)	approved	Jan 16, 2025	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2017-06-29 (see label)	approved	Jun 29, 2017	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2014-05-23 (see label)	approved	May 23, 2014	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2014-05-23 (see label)	approved	May 23, 2014	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2008-06-23 (see label)	approved	Jun 23, 2008	openfda
Panitumumab	US FDA	Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm	Vectibix is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with wild-type RAS (defined as wild-type in both KRAS and NRAS as determined by an FDA-approved test) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC): In combination with FOLFOX for first-line treatment. ( 1 , 14.2 ) As monotherapy following disease progression after prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy. ( 1 , 14.1 ) KRAS G12C-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) In combination with sotorasib, for the treatment of adult patients with KRAS G12C- mutated mCRC, as determined by an FDA-approved test, who have received prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based chemotherapy. ( 1 ) *Limitations of Use: Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with RAS -mutant mCRC unless used in combination with sotorasib in KRAS G12C-mutated mCRC. Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with mCRC for whom RAS mutation status is unknown ( 1 , 2.1 , 5.2 , 12.1 , 14.3 ). Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) RAS Wild-Type mCRC Vectibix is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with wild-type RAS (defined as wild-type in both KRAS and NRAS as determined by an FDA-approved test) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] : As first-line therapy in combination with FOLFOX [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . As monotherapy following disease progression after prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-containing chemotherapy [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . KRAS G12C -mutated mCRC Vectibix, in combination with sotorasib, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with KRAS G12C- mutated mCRC, as determined by an FDA-approved test, who have received prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based chemotherapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Clinical Studies (14.4) ] . Limitations of Use : Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with RAS -mutant mCRC unless used in combination with sotorasib in KRAS G12C-mutated mCRC. Vectibix is not indicated for the treatment of patients with mCRC for whom RAS mutation status is unknown [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) and Clinical Studies (14.3) ] .	approved	Sep 27, 2006	openfda
Vemurafenib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2017-11-06 (see label)	approved	Nov 6, 2017	openfda
Vemurafenib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2017-09-13 (see label)	approved	Sep 13, 2017	openfda
Vemurafenib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2016-08-31 (see label)	approved	Aug 31, 2016	openfda
Vemurafenib	US FDA	—	Efficacy supplement 2014-03-19 (see label)	approved	Mar 19, 2014	openfda
Vemurafenib	US FDA	Melanoma	ZELBORAF ® is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test.	approved	Aug 17, 2011	openfda
Vemurafenib	US FDA	—	ZELBORAF ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with Erdheim- Chester Disease with BRAF V600 mutation.	approved	Aug 17, 2011	openfda
Vemurafenib	US FDA	Melanoma	Limitation of Use: ZELBORAF is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma ( 2.1 , 5.2 )	approved	Aug 17, 2011	openfda