Gene

BRAF

B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase

Explore in graph →CI-GENE-00022038HGNC:1097 ENSG00000157764 NCBI 673 CIViC Cancer geneApproved

Curated evidence

Clinical evidence (574)

CIViC items involving this gene, grouped by molecular profile and therapy, with native levels and directions. 50 items per page.

civicCuratedShowing 451–500 of 574 evidence items · levels, directions and significance as curated at the source; each row links to its CIViC record.

Therapy	Cancer	Type	Level	Direction · significance	Rating (1–5)	Status	Evidence	Source
BRAF V600E2
Radiation Therapy + VemurafenibCombination	Thyroid Gland Anaplastic CarcinomaALIAS	Predictive	C	Supports

Cohorts

Alteration frequency by cohort (200)

Frequency = cases affected / cases profiled within one cohort. Cohorts are never pooled.

cbioportalObserved200 cohort rows (showing 50, sorted by frequency) · frequency = affected / profiled, as published by each cohort; cohorts are not pooled. Hover a row badge for its release.

Cohort	Mapped cancer	Alteration	Affected (n)	Profiled (n)	Frequency (%)	Rank in cohort	Source
Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MSK, Nature Medicine 2022) nsclc_ctdx_msk_2022	Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma	Ssm

Literature

Linked publications (142)

25 per page, newest first.

pubmedPublishedShowing 1–25 of 142 publications · bibliographic data as recorded by PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced.

Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation.
· N Engl J Med · 2011 · PMID 21639808 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib.
· N Engl J Med · 2015 · PMID 25399551 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib in advanced BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma (coBRIM): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
· Lancet Oncol · 2016 · PMID 27480103 · validated civic_curation pubmed
Encorafenib plus binimetinib versus vemurafenib or encorafenib in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma (COLUMBUS): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.
· Lancet Oncol · 2018 · PMID 29573941 · validated

BRAF Amplification + BRAF V600E2
Atezolizumab + BevacizumabCombination	Ovarian CarcinomaALIAS	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	1	submitted	EID9885 AURELIA trial indicated substantial improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival in ovarian cancer patients with PD-L1 positive expression in response to bevacizumab plus single regim… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31105696 · Zhang et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
Selumetinib	Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER	Predictive	E	Supports Resistance	4	accepted	EID92 COLO201 and COLO206F cells harboring BRAF V600E mutations were cloned to be MEK inhibitor (AZD6244 [selumetinib]) resistant. The mechanism of this resistance was shown to be amplification of the BRAF … (full text at CIViC) PMID 21098728 · Corcoran et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF V600E + PTEN LossBRAF PTEN2
Uprosertib	Melanoma	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	accepted	EID708 Most BRAF mutant cell lines (mostly V600E) with PTEN mutation or loss of expression were among those sensitive to inhibition with AKT inhibitor GSK2141795B. PMID 24735930 · Lassen et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib + UprosertibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	D	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	submitted	EID13116 Several BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cell lines (M249, M399, M397AR)) with PTEN mutation or loss of expression were among those sensitive to combination dabrafenib plus AKT inhibitor GSK2141795B, as mea… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24735930 · Lassen et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF V600E + BRAF V600K2
Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID93 This was a Phase I and II study (NCT01072175) of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy vs. dabrafenib monotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma was… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23020132 · Flaherty et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
Vemurafenib	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID1410 Phase 2 trial in 132 patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E (n=122) or V600K (n=10) mutation. Confirmed overall response rate was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44 t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22356324 · Sosman et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF V600E + BRAF Fusion2
Selumetinib	Pilocytic Astrocytoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	submitted	EID11316 In this phase II trial on patients with pediatric low-grade glioma were assigned to six unique strata according to histology, tumour location, NF1 status, and BRAF aberration status. This study report… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31151904 · Fangusaro et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
Tovorafenib	Childhood Low Grade Glioma	Predictive	A	Supports Sensitivity Response	5	accepted	EID12016 In this ongoing phase 2 trial (FIREFLY-1), 76 patients, aged 6 months to 25 years, with pediatric low-grade glioma harbouring BRAF alterations (BRAF fusions or BRAF V600E mutations) were treated with … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37978284 · Kilburn et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC	civic

BRAF V600K19
(oncogenic)	Melanoma	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13233 Deichmann et al. analyzed BRAF exon 15 in 60 cutaneous/subcutaneous melanoma metastases from 60 patients using PCR-SSCP followed by cloning and sequencing. BRAF V599K (current nomenclature V600K) was … (full text at CIViC) PMID 15935100 · Deichmann et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13235 Ponti et al. described seven patients with BRAF V600K-mutated melanoma, including six men and one woman aged 48–82 years. Four of seven primary melanomas arose on the scalp. Dermoscopic images availab… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25323827 · Ponti et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13236 Lyle et al. assessed clinically significant somatic mutations in a cohort of Australian patients with unresectable stage IIIC or stage IV melanoma. BRAF V600 mutation testing was performed in 713 pati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27020391 · Lyle et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13237 Sanna et al. performed ultra-deep targeted sequencing of 40 melanoma-associated genes in 72 primary cutaneous melanomas. BRAF mutations were detected in 35/72 (49%) tumors, including BRAF V600K in 7/3… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31811783 · Sanna et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13238 Pires da Silva et al. molecularly characterized BRAF V600K-mutant melanoma using pretreatment tumors from 15 patients with metastatic melanoma and an independent TCGA cohort containing 17 V600K tumors… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30630828 · Pires da Silva et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13239 Lokhandwala et al. performed targeted next-generation sequencing of 446 melanomas in a clinical diagnostic setting. BRAF mutations were detected in 189/446 (42%) tumors, including BRAF V600K in 27/446… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31277584 · Lokhandwala et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Oncogenic	B	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13240 Menzies et al. prospectively evaluated 308 patients with unresectable stage IIIC or stage IV melanoma and identified BRAF mutations in 143 (46%), including BRAF V600K in 27/143 (19%) BRAF-mutant patie… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22535154 · Menzies et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Oncogenic	C	Supports Oncogenicity	3	submitted	EID13234 Pollock et al. analyzed BRAF exon 15 in melanocytic lesions and identified a tandem GT→AA mutation resulting in BRAF V599K (current nomenclature V600K) in two melanoma metastases. The V599K alteration… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12447372 · Pollock et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC	civic
(functional)	—UNRESOLVED	Functional	D	Supports Gain Of Function	5	submitted	EID12980 BRAF p.Val600Lys (NM_004333.6:c.1798_1799delinsAA) causes increased pERK/ERK ratio, and increased MEK phosphorylation. Class 1 BRAF variant. PMID 15035987 · Wan et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	—UNRESOLVED	Functional	D	Supports Gain Of Function	3	rejected	EID9570 By expressing B-RAF V600K (also known as V599K in the paper) protein in COS cells and measuring its direct MEK phosphorylation activity, these experiments showed that B-RAF V600K had a basal kinase ac… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15035987 · Wan et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	—UNRESOLVED	Functional	D	Supports Gain Of Function	3	submitted	EID13232 Halaban et al. assessed BRAF enzymatic activity in patient-derived melanoma cells using immune-complex kinase assays. YUMAC melanoma cells harboring BRAF V600K showed high BRAF activity, whereas BRAF … (full text at CIViC) PMID 20149136 · Halaban et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	accepted	EID2505 Patients were treated with a specific RAF inhibitor (dabrafenib), which improved overall survival of patients with BRAF mutations (P<0.003), compared to non-treated patients with BRAF mutations. Patie… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21343559 · Long et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	—	submitted	EID2507 Proposed resistance mechanisms include PDGFRB upregulation or NRAS mutations resulting in MAPK pathway reactivation, but not secondary mutations in BRAF. MEK inhibitors may demonstrate clinical benefi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21107323 · Nazarian et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID6179 Adjuvant dual treatment with BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib was administered to patients with stage III resected melenoma with V600E or V600K mutation in this stage III trial (… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28891408 · Long et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID6941 In this Phase I and II study (NCT01072175), patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with either a combination of dabrafenib and trametinib or dabrafenib monotherapy. Among patients with the V60… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23020132 · Flaherty et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	accepted	EID6965 In this Phase III trial (coBRIM, NCT01689519) of 495 V600 mutant melanoma patients, 56 had V600K mutation. 32 patients were treated with vemurafenib and placebo, and 24 were treated with vemurafenib a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25265494 · Larkin et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
〃	Melanoma	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	3	accepted	EID6939 In this Phase III trial (NCT01584648 COMBI-d), previously untreated patients with unrescectable stage IIIC or IV melanoma with BRAF V600E (359 patients) or V600K (61 patients) received dabrafenib and … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25265492 · Long et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC	civic
Dabrafenib/Trametinib Regimen	Histiocytic Sarcoma	Predictive	C	Supports Sensitivity Response	2	rejected	EID12770 An 8-year-old girl presented with secondary BRAF V600-mutant histiocytic sarcoma following T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After the poor response to initial salvage chemotherapy, the patient res… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40057687 · Tan et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC	civic
Binimetinib + EncorafenibCombination	Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS	Predictive	B	Supports Sensitivity Response	4	submitted	EID13183 In the randomized phase III COLUMBUS trial of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600-mutant melanoma, 22 patients with BRAF V600K received encorafenib plus binimetinib and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29573941 · Dummer et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC	civic