Subtype
Malignant Intestinal Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00001137Explore in graph →
- NCIt
- C4572
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00001137Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
823 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSH2 V273FS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID1826This variant (V273fs), identified in a case of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer, was confirmed to be a somatic mutation in a 61 year-old male patient (sLS-27) with suspected Lynch Syndrome (L… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25111426 · Geurts-Giele et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MSH3 K383fs1 | ||||||||
| 7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxycamptothecin + OxaliplatinSubstitutes | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9089To assess the effects of MSH3 status on chemosensitivity, MSH3-deficient and MSH3-proficient HCT116 cells were treated with oxaliplatin, SN-38 (irinotecan metabolite), and 5-FU. Parental MSH3-deficien… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23724141 · Park et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MSH6 I891FS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID1829This variant (I891fs), identified in a case of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer was confirmed to be somatic in a 79 year-old male patient with suspected Lynch Syndrome (LS). The patient was t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25111426 · Geurts-Giele et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MSH6 I972F1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID1819This variant, identified in a case of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer was confirmed to be somatic in a patient with suspected Lynch Syndrome (LS). The patient was therefore negative for LS. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25111426 · Geurts-Giele et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MSH6 P138T1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID1825This variant, identified in a case of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer was confirmed to be somatic in a patient with suspected Lynch Syndrome (LS). The patient was therefore negative for LS. PMID 25111426 · Geurts-Giele et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MSH6 R1242C1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID1840MSH6 R1242C (c.3724C > T), identified in a case of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer, was confirmed to be somatic in a 53 year old male patient with suspected Lynch Syndrome (LS). The patient … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25111426 · Geurts-Giele et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MSH6 R1242H1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID1831This variant (R1242H), identified in a case of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer was confirmed to be somatic in a 79 year-old male patient (sLS-37) with suspected Lynch Syndrome (LS). The pati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25111426 · Geurts-Giele et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| High4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID12039This study looked specifically at the prognostic significance of Microsatellite Instability High (MSI-H) in sporadic Australian Clinico Pathological Stage C colorectal cancer in patients from a single… (full text at CIViC) PMID 10971428 · Wright et al., 2000 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dostarlimab | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID1236847 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with dostarlimab. 41 completed treatment and achieved a clinical complete response. No patients experienced local or distant disease recurr… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| Ipilimumab/Nivolumab Regimen | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | ||||||
| B2M Mutation + JAK1 Mutation + JAK2 Mutation + HighB2MJAK1JAK21 | ||||||||
| Anti-PD1 Monoclonal Antibody | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12150Thirty-five MSI-H/dMMR patients were treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Of the 35 patients, 10 patients harboured B2M mutations, and 8 patients harboured JAK mutations. A low TMB score was noted in patie… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35343934 · Zhang et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MTHFR A222V1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1757Patients with the wild type (C/C) MTHFR gene are 2.91 times (95% CI: [1.23, 6.89]) more likely to have a positive response to neoadjuvant CRT and 3.25 times more likely not to experience relapse (95%… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26693073 · Nikas et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NCOA3 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Anti-PDL1 Therapy + PD-1 Ligand InhibitorSubstitutes | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12626In a retrospective cohort analysis of colon adenocarcinoma treated with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors from the MSKCC ICIs-treated COAD dataset (n = 76; NCOA3-mutant n = 7, NCOA3-wild-type n … (full text at CIViC) PMID 40215778 · Liu et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NME1 Decreased RNA expression1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13318shRNA-mediated NME1 knockdown significantly increased fluorouracil sensitivity in HCT-116, HT-29, and SW620 colorectal cancer cells. The study reports 4- to 13-fold decreases in IC50 across the NME1, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 21449674 · Muhale et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NOTCH1 Amplification2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID812NOTCH1 amplifications (as determined by FISH) were significantly (log-rank p = 0.025) associated with worse survival in a cohort of 116 patients with colorectal cancer. PMID 26152787 · Arcaroli et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NOTCH1 Antibody (PF-06293622) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID811NOTCH1 copy-number gain in a patient-derived tumor xenograft model of colorectal cancer, was associated with increased NOTCH1 and JAG1 activity and response to a NOTCH1-targeting antibody (PF-06293622… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26152787 · Arcaroli et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NOTCH3 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Tarextumab | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7002Finally, treatment of CRC cells with anti-Notch2/3 antibody increased Numb protein while significantly reducing formation of spheroids in both MICOL-14tum cells and primary tumor cultures. This novel … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24525742 · Pastò et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF D594G + BRAF V600E + KRAS MutationBRAFKRAS1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11060The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NR2F2 OVEREXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID6461Statistical analysis showed that the inverse relationship between COUP-TF II and SMAD4 expression was shown in 112 different patients with Colorectal Cancer(CRC)(45 COUP-TF II-positive/SMAD4-negative … (full text at CIViC) PMID 26261604 · Wang et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS G12C4 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3846In an in vitro study, an OXCO-2 cell line expressing NRAS G12C mutation demonstrated acquired resistance after low level cetuximab exposure compared to OXCO-2 parental cells expressing NRAS wild-type.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24553387 · Misale et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID3845Two patients participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had tumors which harbored NRAS G12C and were wild type for KRAS, PIK3CA, an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dactolisib | ||||||||
| NRAS G12D7 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | accepted | EID3693In a retrospective study of 148 treatment naive metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with RAS mutations (n=10), including KRAS A146T, KRAS G13D, NRAS G12D and NRAS Q179*, treated with FOLFO… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25666295 · Kaczirek et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3691In an in vitro study, an OXCO-2 cell line expressing NRAS G12D mutation demonstrated acquired resistance after low level cetuximab exposure compared to OXCO-2 parental cells expressing NRAS wild-type.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24553387 · Misale et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm | |||||||
| NRAS G12S3 | ||||||||
| Dactolisib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2216NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID2215In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/mTor inhibitor BEZ235 resulted in disease stabiliza… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selumetinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| NRAS G12V1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4465In an in vitro study, a DiFi colorectal cancer cell line stably expressing NRAS G12V mutation demonstrated resistance to cetuximab treatment compared to DiFi cells expressing wild-type NRAS. Resistanc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22797062 · Kasper et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS G13C4 | ||||||||
| Dactolisib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2199NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID2197In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/mTor inhibitor BEZ235 resulted in disease stabiliza… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selumetinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| NRAS G13D1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3840In an in vitro study, an OXCO-2 cell line expressing NRAS G13D mutation demonstrated acquired resistance after low level cetuximab exposure compared to OXCO-2 parental cells expressing NRAS wild-type.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24553387 · Misale et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS G13R5 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID2204One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G13R, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dactolisib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2205NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm | |||||||
| NRAS Mutation4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID27Patients with colorectal cancer harboring NRAS mutation have poorer survival outcome and worse prognosis than patients with wildtype NRAS. PMID 24666267 · Therkildsen et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1703A cohort of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from 85 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was created. PDX were treated with cetuximab and mechanisms of resistance investigated. None of the xeno… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22586653 · Bertotti et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| BRAF Mutation + KRAS Mutation + NRAS MutationKRASNRASBRAF1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID11061The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 7 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| A |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID12561In the phase III randomized open-label CheckMate 8HW trial (NCT04008030; n = 303, 255 centrally confirmed MSI-H/dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer), nivolumab plus ipilimumab significantly improved pro… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39602630 · Andre et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12562In the phase III randomized open-label CheckMate 8HW trial (NCT04008030; n = 707 randomized; centrally confirmed MSI-H/dMMR: n = 296 nivolumab+ipilimumab vs 286 nivolumab) showed nivolumab plus ipilim… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39874977 · André et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| — |
| rejected |
EID2211NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Selumetinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2214NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Resistance |
| — |
| submitted |
EID3692In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/mTor inhibitor BEZ235 resulted in disease stabiliza… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2002One patient participating in a large retrospective trial of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G12D and was wild type for KRAS, PIK3CA, and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dactolisib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2000NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID1998In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/mTor inhibitor BEZ235 resulted in disease stabiliza… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selumetinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2003NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| — |
| rejected |
EID2220NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| — |
| rejected |
EID2202NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID2200In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/mTor inhibitor BEZ235 resulted in disease stabiliza… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| — |
| submitted |
EID2203In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/mTor inhibitor BEZ235 resulted in disease stabiliza… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC |
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| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID3842One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored NRAS G13R, was wildtype for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selumetinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | rejected | EID2208NRAS mutations have also been observed in melanoma and biliary tract, bladder, cervix, liver, lung, myeloid leukemia, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer. PMID 17384584 · Schubbert et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| B |
| Supports Resistance |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID2210This was a retrospective study of 605 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy. Patients with KRAS wildtype, NRAS assessable tumors, an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC |
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| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID5344NCCN guidelines indicate colorectal cancer patients with NRAS mutations should not be treated with EGFR inhibitors cetuximab or panitumumab. PMID 28275037 · Benson et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |