Subtype
Digestive System Carcinoma
CI-CAN-00000812Explore in graph →
- NCIt
- C96963
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00000812Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
282 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGFR2 Fusion + FGFR2 Fusion5 | ||||||||
| Futibatinib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11632In a phase 1 multihistology trial of the FGFR1/2/3/4 inhibitor futibatinib, an objective response rate of 13.7% was seen with responses in a broad spectrum of tumors and across a broad spectrum of FGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34551969 · Meric-Bernstam et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Infigratinib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID11230This open-label phase 2 trial included 122 patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, 108 of whom had an FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34358484 · Javle et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID5908This Phase II trial of BGJ398 for FGFR2 aberant cholangiocarcinoma included 48 patients with FGFR2 fusions. Among these patients with FGFR2 fusions, eight showed tumor response (18.8%) and thirty-six … (full text at CIViC) PMID 29182496 · Javle et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1913Phase 1 study of FGFR-inhibitor BGJ398 (infigratinib) in advanced cancer with FGFR-aberrations (n=132). Two cholangiocarcinoma patients harbored FGFR2 fusions. Both were treated at BGJ398 doses >100mg… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27870574 · Nogova et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Pemigatinib | Cholangiolocellular Small Duct Intrahepatic CholangiocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID8173In a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study (FIGHT-202), patients with disease progression following at least one previous treatment received a starting dose of 13·5 mg oral pemigatinib on… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32203698 · Abou-Alfa et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR2 W290C1 | ||||||||
| Futibatinib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID11633In a phase 1 multihistology trial of the FGFR1/2/3/4 inhibitor futibatinib, an objective response rate of 13.7% was seen with responses in a broad spectrum of tumors and across a broad spectrum of FGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34551969 · Meric-Bernstam et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| WAC Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Futibatinib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID11643In a phase 1 multihistology trial of the FGFR1/2/3/4 inhibitor futibatinib, an objective response rate of 13.7% was seen with responses in a broad spectrum of tumors and across a broad spectrum of FGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34551969 · Meric-Bernstam et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR2 Y376C1 | ||||||||
| AZD-4547 | Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID8317The phase II NCI-MATCH trial (EAY131) subprotocol W assessed the FGFR1-3 selective TKI AZD-4547 in 48 patients with FGFR1/2 amplifications, FGFR2/3 SNV or FGFR1/3 fusions. The partial response overall… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32463741 · Chae et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR3 K508M1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Does Not Support Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID11798The study analysed the expression of the two splice variants of FGFR3 (FGFR3-IIIb and FGFR3-IIIc/FGFR3-IIIc-KD) in two pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Capan-2 and BxPC-3). The FGFR3-IIIc-… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23902722 · Lafitte et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TACC3 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Unspecified therapy | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID2962In this report, Mizukami et al. explored major FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 fusion transcripts in ESCC and GC specimens (n = 74 and 114, respectively) using a most comprehensive next-generation sequencing … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27771611 · Mizukami et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Futibatinib | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID11638In a phase 1 multihistology trial of the FGFR1/2/3/4 inhibitor futibatinib, an objective response rate of 13.7% was seen with responses in a broad spectrum of tumors and across a broad spectrum of FGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34551969 · Meric-Bernstam et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR4 G665E1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID13272Among 45 patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib, one patient whose tumor harbored FGFR4 G665E achieved a partial response. The same tumor also harbored FGFR2 M538I, pr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27384874 · Kaibori et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FOS Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Irbesartan | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1634A 67-year-old female presents with recurrent metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical and genetic workup showed overexpression of c-JUN and FOS, which presumably signals through the RAA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27022066 · Jones et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| GALNT14 rs96791621 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID10100From October 2015 to April 2019, 103 HCC patients scheduled to receive chemoembolization were screened. Of them, 84 met inclusion criteria and were assigned to TT (TACE) (n = 25), Non-TT (TACE) (n = 3… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34982369 · Chen et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| GNAS c.393T>C1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1996Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas of patients with homozygous TT genotypes revealed a higher proliferation rate and a lower apoptotic rate.This study demonstrated a significant association of both dise… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17356712 · Schmitz et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Entrectinib + LarotrectinibSequential | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID13049This case study reports a 78 year old patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma harboring a GP2::NTRK1 gene fusion characterized by an in-frame rearrangement involving exon 2 of GP2 and exon 8 of NTRK1. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 42412359 · Tazuma et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HIF1A 3' UTR Polymorphism1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1031The HIF1A rs2057482 SNP was genotyped in 410 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases and 490 healthy controls. The CC genotype was significantly correlated with PDAC risk (OR = 1.719, 95% CI: 1.293-2.2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26872370 · Wang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HSPB1 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Gemcitabine | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID939HSP27 (HSPB1) expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines was associated with sensitivity to treatment with gemcitabine. PMID 22004109 · Schäfer et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HSPH1 NUCLEAR EXPRESSION2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1162HSP110 (HSPH1) expression was immunohistochemically assessed using a tissue microarray in 210 gastric cancer patients. The overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high nuclear e… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26943774 · Kimura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cisplatin + FluorouracilSubstitutes | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID116349 patients gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were immunohistochemically assessed for nuclear HSPH1 (HSP110) expression. Overall survival rate in the high expression group (2+… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26943774 · Kimura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IDH1 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Ivosidenib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7447In a phase1 trial, 73 patients with cholangiocarcinoma harboring IDH1 mutations were treated with mutant IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib. The response rate was 5%, median progression free survival was 3.8 m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31300360 · Lowery et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IDH1 R1322 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6439Through a high-throughput drug screen of a large panel of cancer cell lines, including 17 biliary tract cancers, this work found that IDH mutant (IDHm) ICC cells demonstrate a striking response to the… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27231123 · Saha et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Ivosidenib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID10886The multicenter randomized double-blind phase 3 study included patients with IDH1-mutant cholangiocarcinoma who had progressed on previous therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to Ivosidenib or pla… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32416072 · Abou-Alfa et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IDH1 R132H1 | ||||||||
| Ivosidenib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID5987A 48-year-old female was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and subsequently started on standard of care chemotherapy, during which her hepatic lesions progressed. Detailed mol… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27466707 · Brody et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IGF2 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Ganitumab + GemcitabineCombination | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID7000In pancreatic cancer patients, ganitumab was associated with improved OS compared with placebo. The effect of ganitumab on improved OS was stronger for patients with higher levels of IGF-2. As Figur… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23741071 · McCaffery et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| IL6 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Cisplatin | Esophageal Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID7851Two human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, KYSE170 and TE13, were transfected with the IL6 gene. These cell lines produced 5-6 fold (KYSE170) and 16-17 fold (TE13) IL6 compared to contr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21273582 · Suchi et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 A1086S1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10058JAK1 mutations were identified by sequencing 60 HCC PDX tumour models. There mutations were then functionally characterized. HEK293FT cells were transfected with JAK1 WT or mutants (N451S, E483D, S703… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 E483D1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10057JAK1 mutations were identified by sequencing 60 HCC PDX tumour models. There mutations were then functionally characterized. HEK293FT cells were transfected with JAK1 WT or mutants (N451S, E483D, S703… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 N451S1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID10056JAK1 mutations were identified by sequencing 60 HCC PDX tumour models. There mutations were then functionally characterized. HEK293FT cells were transfected with JAK1 WT or mutants (N451S, E483D, S703… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 S703I1 | ||||||||
| Ruxolitinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1900A JAK1 S703I mutation was found to activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ruxolitinib causes the suppression of JAK-STAT signaling pathway in PDX mod… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26701727 · Yang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 W690*1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID2981This study finds JAK1 and JAK2 mutation as determinants of primary resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy. Baseline tumors from patients with melanoma and colon cancer who did not respond to PD-1 blockad… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27903500 · Shin et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JUN Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Irbesartan | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1633A 67-year-old female presents with recurrent metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical and genetic workup showed overexpression of c-JUN and FOS, which presumably signals through the RAA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27022066 · Jones et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALK Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Alectinib | Pancreatic Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID10327Case report of a 62-year old male patient diagnosed with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Liver metastases were diagnosed and treatment was started with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel regimen. After… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35005993 · Gaule et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR R961W1 | ||||||||
| Regorafenib Anhydrous | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1191Case Report of a 84-year-old woman with stage IVb CRC after progression under 5-fluorouracil and bevacizumab. NGS revealed a frameshift mutation in APC, a missense mutation in KRAS. Variants of uncert… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27004155 · Loaiza-Bonilla et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIF23 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1745KIF23 variant 1 was found to be expressed in the cDNA of tumor tissues from a large cohort of HCC patients of chinese descent via PCR. This expression was absent in the normal tissues of these patient… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26674738 · Sun et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2D Loss-of-function2 | ||||||||
| Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12583In a retrospective TCGA cohort of microsatellite-instable colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 43; KMT2D LOF = 16, WT = 27), KMT2D loss of function was associated with higher TMB (p < 0.001), higher neoanti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39578878 · Takemon et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| WRN Inhibitor HRO761 + WRN Inhibitor RO7589831Substitutes | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12584In microsatellite-instable (MSI) colorectal carcinoma cell-line assays, KMT2D loss of function (LOF) stratified sensitivity to WRN perturbation. In DepMap viability data, WRN knockout was lethal in MS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39578878 · Takemon et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS A11_G12insGA1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | accepted | EID9331FFPE tumor tissue from 1506 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients was analyzed at codons 12, 13, 61 and 146 by PCR. 672 KRAS mutations were found in 670 patients, and from these, two were inframe inserti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24642870 · Tong et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS Exon 2 Mutation3 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Pancreatic Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID917KRAS exon 2 was mutated in 121 of 173 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients with KRAS wildtype had an improved OS (HR 1.68, p = 0.005). PMID 23435671 · Boeck et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID4052This study examined outcomes of 240 rectum cancer patients treated with total mesorectal excision therapy. Tumor samples were obtained at the time of surgery and genotyped for KRAS exon 2 mutations (l… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19903786 · He et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Pancreatic Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | |||
| KRAS Exon 2 Mutation + Low1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colon Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID120735577 colon carcinoma tumors were evaluated for BRAF, KRAS, and mismatch repair status. From those successfully evaluated, 201 had microsatellite instability (MSI or MSI-H) and BRAF V600E, 72 had MSI a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28040692 · Taieb et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 V842I + KRAS G12CERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| ARS-1620 + NeratinibCombination | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11573When tested in MIAPaCa2 (PDAC cell line and KRAS G12C) cells, Neratinib and ARS-1620 strongly inhibit AKT and MAPK phosphorylation (Figure 6F). Also, MIAPaCa2 cell line with the variant in exposure to… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D3 | ||||||||
| Akt Inhibitor MK2206 | Pancreatic Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID937Among 33 patients treated with pan-AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in this phase 1 study, one patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and PTEN loss and a KRAS G12D mutation experienced a decrease of approximatel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22025163 · Yap et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Adebrelimab + KRAS G12D Inhibitor HRS-4642Combination | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13294In this phase 1/2 trial the KRAS G12D degrader HRS-4642 in combination with PD-L1 inhibitor adebrelimab was tested in 48 pretreated KRAS G12D-positive pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Patients had … (full text at CIViC) PMID 42748921 · Shi et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Setidegrasib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | ||||||
| ERBB2 E717D + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11556KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 Q679L + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11554KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 S310F + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11548KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 S423R + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11550KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 20 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| accepted |
EID916KRAS exon 2 was mutated in 121 of 173 (70%) patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and did not show an association with response to erlotinib treatment. PMID 23435671 · Boeck et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| B |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 3 |
| submitted |
EID12938A phase 1 dose‑escalation and dose‑expansion study in patients with previously treated advanced KRAS p.G12D mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (NCT05382559; n = 203 overall; n = 21 PDAC treated a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41879829 · Park et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |