Subtype
Colorectal Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00002404Explore in graph →
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00002404Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
822 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKT1 S473 Phosphorylation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID4051This retrospective study examines outcomes of 158 primary sporadic colorectal cancer patients who had undergone surgical resection and were treated with 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. Cytoplasmic … (full text at CIViC) PMID 17590872 · Kato et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALCAM EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID853112 patients with rectal cancer who received 5-FU based chemotherapy and surgery were retrospectively analyzed for expression of Ki67, TS, BAX, EpCAM, p53, p21, EGFR, CD44, CD133, CD166, HIF1α and ALD… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24708484 · Sim et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| APC Mutation4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | C | Supports Poor Outcome | 1 | submitted | EID8038While evidence from multiple clinical studies establishing a strong association between loss of function mutations in APC and response to 5-fluorouracil is lacking, some studies suggest APC mutations … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19307944 · Chen et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| G007-LK | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID446G007-LK inhibits in vivo tumor growth in a subset of APC-mutant colorectal cancers xenograft models but may be limited by intestinal toxicity. PMID 23539443 · Lau et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JW55 | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports | ||||
| AREG Expression2 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID788226 cetuximab-treated patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were analyzed for mRNA expression (by qPCR) of EGFR and its ligands (EGF, TGFA, AREG and EREG). High AREG mRNA expression in KRAS wild type … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23374602 · Pentheroudakis et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1020Prospectively planned retrospective biomarker study in archived tumor tissue from 323 patients from the PICCOLO trial (panitumumab plus irinotecan in CRC patients with KRAS wt). Tumors were classified… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26867820 · Seligmann et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ARID1A Q456*1 | ||||||||
| Dasatinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4487In an in vitro study, human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 cell line was made to homozygously express ARID1A Q546* via adeno-associated virus-mediated somatic gene targeting. Compared to the paren… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27364904 · Miller et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ATM Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID13082In this phase II basket trial (TAPUR), response to olaparib treatment was examined in four cohorts with ATM mutations. In the colorectal cancer cohort (27 evaluable patients) there was one PR and thre… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41538762 · Carrizosa et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| B2M Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Nivolumab + PembrolizumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID7271Fifty-nine (3.4%) of 1,751 patients with CRC harbored B2M mutations, with 84% (77 of 92) of the mutations predicted to be truncating. B2M mutations were significantly enriched in MSI-H CRCs, with 44 (… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31008436 · Middha et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BARD1 Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Olaparib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5953Loss of BARD1 function through the expression of a BARD1 splice variant, BARD1β, results in a more malignant phenotype with decreased RAD51 foci formation, reduced BRCA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27197561 · Ozden et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BIRC7 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Cisplatin | Malignant Colon Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID661Livin (BIRC7) overexpression in two colon cancer cell lines (RKO and SW620) increased resistance of these cells to cisplatin. siRNA knockdown of Livin rendered the cells more sensitive to cisplatin. T… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23188704 · Ding et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Dabrafenib + PanitumumabCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2929Paired pre-treatment and post-progression tumor biopsies from BRAF-mutant CRC patients treated with RAF inhibitor combinations were analyzed. Alterations in MAPK pathway genes were found in resistant … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25673644 · Ahronian et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF APC1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | rejected | EID1941In a study of 468 colorectal cancer samples, 407 patients had micro-satellite stable tumors and there was a statistically significantly better prognosis for APC WT patients relative to APC-mutated pat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27302369 · Schell et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Class 2 Mutations1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID7574In a multicenter pooled analysis of consecutive patients with non-V600 BRAF mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, the effects of anti-EGFR antibody therapy were analyzed. Non-V600 BRAF mutations were … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31515458 · Yaeger et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Class 3 Mutations1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID7575In a multicenter pooled analysis of consecutive patients with non-V600 BRAF mutated metastatic colorectal cancer, the effects of anti-EGFR antibody therapy were analyzed. Non-V600 BRAF mutations were … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31515458 · Yaeger et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF D5941 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID7477Data from 117 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring various BRAF mutations and 540 patients with mCRC harboring BRAF wild type were analyzed. BRAF mutation type was categorized t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30967421 · Schirripa et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF D594G5 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1553In a study of 908 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), 7 patients had BRAF D595G mutations and 589 patients were BRAF wild type. The survival rate of CRC patients at 3 years was significantly poorer… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27404270 · Amaki-Takao et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 1 | accepted | EID1551In a study of 908 patients with colorectal cancer, 7 patients had BRAF (D594G) mutations and 45 patients had BRAF (V600E) mutations. Overall clinicopathological implications of BRAF V600E and D594G mu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27404270 · Amaki-Takao et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + IrinotecanCombination | ||||||||
| BRAF D594K2 | ||||||||
| Irinotecan | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6402The presence of BRAF V600E or D594K was associated with reduced progression-free survival in 5 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan-based first line therapy (3.5mo vs. 12… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Oxaliplatin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6403Of 100 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based first-line therapy, the 6 patients with either BRAF V600E or D594K had reduced progression-free survival compared to 94 pati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF G466A1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4499In a retrospective study of 53, KRAS exon 2 wild-type, metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring BRAF G466A (n=1), G469A (n=2), D594G (n=1), or V600E (n=2) mutations were reported to b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26989027 · Hsu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF G466V3 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12437In the study with a tumour from a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer BRAF (G466V) and wild-type RAS and NF1. Treament with Panitumumab and irinotecan cause tumour regression. And in tumour cell… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Irinotecan + PanitumumabCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7552In the study with a tumor from a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer BRAF (G466V) and wild-type RAS and NF1. Treament with Panitumumab and irinotecan cause tumor regression. And in tumor cells o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | ||||||||
| BRAF G469A1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4182In a retrospective study of 53, KRAS exon 2 wild-type, metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring BRAF G466A (n=1), G469A (n=2), D594G (n=1), or V600E (n=2) mutations were reported to b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26989027 · Hsu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF G5961 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID7478Data from 117 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring various BRAF mutations and 540 patients with mCRC harboring BRAF wild type were analyzed. BRAF mutation type was categorized t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30967421 · Schirripa et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF G596R2 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12443Several BRAF mutant cell lines were analyzed in response to treatment with increasing concentrations of cetuximab (0-300nM). Cell-growth and impact on signalling was measured: ERK signalling by wester… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID4729In an in vitro study, an NCI-H508 cell line expressing BRAF G596R demonstrated insensitivity to vemurafenib treatment compared to HT29 cells expressing BRAF V600E (a known vemurafenib sensitizing muta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22180495 · Yang et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF K6011 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID7475Data from 117 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring various BRAF mutations and 540 patients with mCRC harboring BRAF wild type were analyzed. BRAF mutation type was categorized t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30967421 · Schirripa et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF L5971 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID7476Data from 117 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring various BRAF mutations and 540 patients with mCRC harboring BRAF wild type were analyzed. BRAF mutation type was categorized t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30967421 · Schirripa et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Mutation12 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID7158In the Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial, ISRCTN27286448, patients who presented with advanced colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to chemotherapy (oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine; arm A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID7159A meta analysis was performed using data from 21 published studies (n = 9885 patients) to assess prognostic value of BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer. When evaluating 14 studies (n = 7778 patients)… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24112392 · Clancy et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| BRAF Non-V6001 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID3046This study of 9,643 patients characterized clinical implications of non-V600 BRAF mutations in metastatic CRC. Of the patients with metastatic CRC that underwent NGS testing, 208 patients had non-V60… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28486044 · Jones et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V6002 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + VemurafenibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1598Patients with BRAF-V600 mutated cancers were identified (n=122) and subsequently underwent targeted therapy. 27 patients with colorectal cancer were treated with vemurafenib and cetuximab (N=24 with B… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26287849 · Hyman et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1415In clinical trial NCT01072175, 43 patients with BRAF V600 metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) received mutant BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib. Only 12% of patients showed partia… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26392102 · Corcoran et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 7 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID445Canonical Wnt signaling in colon carcinoma cells with APC mutation was inhibited by JW55 treatment. PMID 22440753 · Waaler et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC |
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| Regorafenib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID13262In a retrospective analysis of 76 patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib, APC mutations were detected in approximately 57% of tumors and were significantly asso… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33224274 · Lee et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Does Not Support Resistance |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID2201One patient participating in a large retrospective study of cetuximab in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored BRAF D594G and was wildtype for KRAS, NRAS and PI… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID4472In a retrospective study of 53, KRAS exon 2 wild-type, metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring BRAF G466A (n=1), G469A (n=2), D594G (n=1), or V600E (n=2) mutations were reported to b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26989027 · Hsu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID1554Two patients with stage IV BRAF (D594G) mutations received anti-EGFR antibody therapy (cetuximab and panitumumab). The first patient was on FOLFOX plus bevacizumab and showed no signs of progression f… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27404270 · Amaki-Takao et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Does Not Support Sensitivity Response |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID7553In the study with a tumor from a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer BRAF (G466V) and wild-type RAS and NF1. Treatment with Panitumumab and irinotecan cause tumor regression. And in tumor cells … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC |
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| Prognostic |
| B |
| Supports Poor Outcome |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID6302This was a retrospective clinical study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received first line chemotherapy (made up of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU + oxaliplatin, 5-FU + irinotecan,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID6307This was a retrospective clinical study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received first line chemotherapy (made up of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU + oxaliplatin, 5-FU + irinotecan,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6305This was a retrospective clinical study of 97 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received bevacizumab in conjunction with first-line chemotherapy (composed of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU +… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6306This was a retrospective clinical study of 92 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received cetuximab in conjunction with salvage chemotherapy (refractory to at least one line of treatment). Salv… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1704A cohort of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from 85 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was created. PDX were treated with cetuximab and mechanisms of resistance investigated. None of the xeno… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22586653 · Bertotti et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2187This was a retrospective study of 350 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy who had individual response data and whose tumors were K… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1404A quantitative synthesis was performed on nine studies comparing treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with cetuximab or panitumumab and chemotherapy, versus chemotherapy alone, or with other targ… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25673558 · Pietrantonio et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Irinotecan | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6304This was a retrospective clinical study of 44 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received FOLFIRI (5-Fluorouacil + Folinic acid + irinotecan) first-line therapy alone or with bevacizumab. It as… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Oxaliplatin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6303This was a retrospective clinical study of 100 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received FOLFOX (oxaliplatin + 5-fluorouracil + folinic acid) first-line therapy alone or with monoclonal antib… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Regorafenib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID13264In a retrospective cohort of patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib, the four patients whose tumors harbored BRAF mutations all had progressive disease and expe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33224274 · Lee et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |