Subtype
Colorectal Carcinoma
CI-CAN-00005005CRCExplore in graph →
- NCIt
- C2955
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00005005CRCExplore in graph →
Variants & evidence
42 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APC Mutation1 | ||||||||
| JW55 | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID445Canonical Wnt signaling in colon carcinoma cells with APC mutation was inhibited by JW55 treatment. PMID 22440753 · Waaler et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID12446Cell growth of several BRAF mutant cell lines were analyzed in response to treatment with increasing concentrations of cetuximab (0-300nM). Cell lines with activating BRAF mutations were insensitive, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + High1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1940In a study of 468 colorectal adenocarcinoma 61 patients had micro-satellite instability (MSI) and there was a marginally statistically significantly better prognosis for BRAF WT (n=26) patients relati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27302369 · Schell et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E + Low1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colon Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID120725577 colon carcinoma tumors were evaluated for BRAF, KRAS, and mismatch repair status. From those successfully evaluated, 201 had microsatellite instability (MSI or MSI-H) and BRAF V600E, 72 had MSI a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28040692 · Taieb et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Amplification + SEPTIN14 FusionSEPTIN14EGFR1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID10913Case report describing a 63-year-old patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma. He started treatment with XELOX and bevacizumab. After findings of disease progression, they changed to bevacizumab and FOL… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32162810 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR EGFRVIII1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID11116Case report describing a 63-year-old patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma with disease progression after treatment with XELOX-bevacizumab and bevacizumab-FOLFIRI. After the detection of EGFR aberrat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32162810 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Overexpression + KRAS MutationEGFRKRAS3 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Adverse Response | 3 | submitted | EID11059The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID11058The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | |||||||
| NTRK3 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID10506From a retrospective review of 38,095 tumor samples from 33,997 patients using DNA sequencing (MSK-IMPACT) and RNA sequencing (MSK-Fusion panel) identified 87 tumors with NTRK1-3 fusions. Two cases of… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31375766 · Solomon et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 L755S1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil + Leucovorin + TrastuzumabCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4955Patient was a 35 year old male who was treated with pseudoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Patient relapsed and was found to have an ERBB2 L755S kinase domain mutation along with mutations in APC and BRA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27626067 · Aung et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR2 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID6459FGFR2 over-expression was observed in 75.9 % (n = 107)of the 141 eligible patients and was correlated with perineural invasion (P = 0.005) and inferior tumor regression grading (TRG) (P = 0.009). On u… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26831663 · Yoon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FOS Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Irbesartan | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1634A 67-year-old female presents with recurrent metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical and genetic workup showed overexpression of c-JUN and FOS, which presumably signals through the RAA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27022066 · Jones et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 W690*1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID2981This study finds JAK1 and JAK2 mutation as determinants of primary resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy. Baseline tumors from patients with melanoma and colon cancer who did not respond to PD-1 blockad… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27903500 · Shin et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JUN Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Irbesartan | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1633A 67-year-old female presents with recurrent metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical and genetic workup showed overexpression of c-JUN and FOS, which presumably signals through the RAA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27022066 · Jones et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDR R961W1 | ||||||||
| Regorafenib Anhydrous | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1191Case Report of a 84-year-old woman with stage IVb CRC after progression under 5-fluorouracil and bevacizumab. NGS revealed a frameshift mutation in APC, a missense mutation in KRAS. Variants of uncert… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27004155 · Loaiza-Bonilla et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2D Loss-of-function2 | ||||||||
| Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12583In a retrospective TCGA cohort of microsatellite-instable colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 43; KMT2D LOF = 16, WT = 27), KMT2D loss of function was associated with higher TMB (p < 0.001), higher neoanti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39578878 · Takemon et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| WRN Inhibitor HRO761 + WRN Inhibitor RO7589831Substitutes | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12584In microsatellite-instable (MSI) colorectal carcinoma cell-line assays, KMT2D loss of function (LOF) stratified sensitivity to WRN perturbation. In DepMap viability data, WRN knockout was lethal in MS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39578878 · Takemon et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS A11_G12insGA1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | accepted | EID9331FFPE tumor tissue from 1506 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients was analyzed at codons 12, 13, 61 and 146 by PCR. 672 KRAS mutations were found in 670 patients, and from these, two were inframe inserti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24642870 · Tong et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS Exon 2 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID4052This study examined outcomes of 240 rectum cancer patients treated with total mesorectal excision therapy. Tumor samples were obtained at the time of surgery and genotyped for KRAS exon 2 mutations (l… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19903786 · He et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS Exon 2 Mutation + Low1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colon Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID120735577 colon carcinoma tumors were evaluated for BRAF, KRAS, and mismatch repair status. From those successfully evaluated, 201 had microsatellite instability (MSI or MSI-H) and BRAF V600E, 72 had MSI a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28040692 · Taieb et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12 + KRAS G13 + KRAS Q612 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID11056The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11055The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G13D1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11054The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS Q22*1 | ||||||||
| Panitumumab | Colon Mucinous Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1131A 43-year-old female was diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon and received 6-months of adjuvant chemotherapy. After 5 years of completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, the disease relap… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19661358 · Palmirotta et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS Wildtype1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11057The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Entrectinib | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2960A gene fusion between exon 11 of LMNA and exon 10 of NTRK1 was observed in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer after therapy with first-line FOLFOX, second-line FOLFIRI/cetuximab, and third-li… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26546295 · Russo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion + NTRK1 G595R + NTRK1 G667C1 | ||||||||
| Entrectinib | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID2961A gene fusion between exon 10 of NTRK1 and exon 11 of the LMNA genes was observed in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer after therapy with first-line FOLFOX, second-line FOLFIRI/cetuximab, an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26546295 · Russo et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MSH3 K383fs1 | ||||||||
| 7-Ethyl-10-Hydroxycamptothecin + OxaliplatinSubstitutes | Colon Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9089To assess the effects of MSH3 status on chemosensitivity, MSH3-deficient and MSH3-proficient HCT116 cells were treated with oxaliplatin, SN-38 (irinotecan metabolite), and 5-FU. Parental MSH3-deficien… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23724141 · Park et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| High1 | ||||||||
| Dostarlimab | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID1236847 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with dostarlimab. 41 completed treatment and achieved a clinical complete response. No patients experienced local or distant disease recurr… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| MTHFR A222V1 | ||||||||
| Fluorouracil | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1757Patients with the wild type (C/C) MTHFR gene are 2.91 times (95% CI: [1.23, 6.89]) more likely to have a positive response to neoadjuvant CRT and 3.25 times more likely not to experience relapse (95%… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26693073 · Nikas et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NCOA3 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Anti-PDL1 Therapy + PD-1 Ligand InhibitorSubstitutes | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12626In a retrospective cohort analysis of colon adenocarcinoma treated with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors from the MSKCC ICIs-treated COAD dataset (n = 76; NCOA3-mutant n = 7, NCOA3-wild-type n … (full text at CIViC) PMID 40215778 · Liu et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NOTCH3 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Tarextumab | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7002Finally, treatment of CRC cells with anti-Notch2/3 antibody increased Numb protein while significantly reducing formation of spheroids in both MICOL-14tum cells and primary tumor cultures. This novel … (full text at CIViC) PMID 24525742 · Pastò et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF D594G + BRAF V600E + KRAS MutationBRAFKRAS1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11060The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Mutation + KRAS Mutation + NRAS MutationKRASNRASBRAF1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID11061The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA E545K1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID2106This study examined outcomes of 240 rectum cancer patients treated with total mesorectal excision therapy. Tumor samples were obtained at the time of surgery and genotyped for PIK3CA exon 10 and 21 mu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19903786 · He et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PIK3CA Exon 10 Mutation + PIK3CA Exon 21 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Rectal CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID7220This study examined outcomes of 240 rectum cancer patients treated with total mesorectal excision therapy. Tumor samples were obtained at the time of surgery and genotyped for PIK3CA mutations in exon… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19903786 · He et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALK Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Ceritinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5952Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with STRN-ALK fusion, sporadic microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) and KRAS R164Q received ALK inhibitor ceritinib. After pts received ceritinib perinumb… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26933125 · Yakirevich et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| High2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Rectal AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID13211This study evaluated genomic biomarkers associated with treatment response and clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37260182 · Lee et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID13242In a single-center observational study of 102 patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colon cancer receiving standard treatments, high tumor mutational burden (TMB ≥10 mutations/Mb) was a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39639373 · Di Mauro et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ALK Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | E | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID133426 colorectal adenocarcinoma samples were run on Affymetrix human Exon 1.0 arrays and a computational method that assessed differential 5' and 3' gene expression for each gene was used to find potenti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19737969 · Lin et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Crizotinib | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | E | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1301A tissue microarray of 268 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma was performed to search for ROS1 gene fusion events to guide potential targeted therapy in future cases. Bre… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24296758 · Aisner et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 23 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| B |
| Does Not Support Sensitivity Response |
| 3 |
| submitted |
EID11062The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC |
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