Cancer Family
Secondary Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000050Explore in graph →
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- C36255
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000050Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,035 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGFR Amplification5 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Barrett AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID470In patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma, those with amplification of EGFR had shorter disease-specific survial. PMID 20840671 · Marx et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Cervical Squamous Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID471In patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, those with gene amplification of EGFR had worse overall survival. PMID 21730982 · Iida et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID6927This retrospective analysis of a Phase 2 trial shows significant association between increased EGFR gene copy number (≥ 4.0) and overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric and oesophago-gastric ju… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22152101 · Luber et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Afatinib + Cetuximab + ErlotinibSubstitutes | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9674This retrospective preclinical study assessed the efficacies of cetuximab, afatinib, and erlotinib towards head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) & esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27207775 · Nakamura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + Fluorouracil + Platinum CompoundCombination | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID691EGFR amplification was not a predictor of response to cetuximab/5-FU/platinum in patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSSC from the EXTREME study. PMID 21048039 · Licitra et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Amplification + SEPTIN14 FusionSEPTIN14EGFR2 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID11003A case report of a 49 year old female with gastric signet ring cell carcinoma, in whom a genomic screen of cf tumour DNA revealed an EGFR::SEPT14 fusion at a VAF of 45.3%. The fusion was confirmed by … (full text at CIViC) PMID 33969073 · Kim et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID10913Case report describing a 63-year-old patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma. He started treatment with XELOX and bevacizumab. After findings of disease progression, they changed to bevacizumab and FOL… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32162810 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Alteration + EGFR Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Lenvatinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID12052The ctDNA of 46 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed to investigate whether EGFR alterations could lead to lenvatinib resistance. Among these patients, 16 had been treated with lenvatin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36708791 · Lim et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR C797G1 | ||||||||
| Osimertinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID8078A genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was created expressing human EGFR L858R+T790M transgene. Twenty of 49 mice treated with osimertinib developed treatment-resistant tum… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32193290 · Starrett et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR C797S2 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib + OsimertinibCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID8080A genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was created expressing human EGFR L858R transgene. A set of osimertinib resistant tumours were treated with 25mg/kg osimertinib and 2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32193290 · Starrett et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Osimertinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID8057A genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was created expressing human EGFR L858R transgene. Mice were treated with either daily 5mg/kg, followed by 25mg/kg after tumour recur… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32193290 · Starrett et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Copy Number Variation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID472In 134 patients with head and neck squamous cancer 32 had copy number variations. Tumors with variation (either increase or decrease) in copy number of EGFR had worse overall, cancer-specific, and dis… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17538160 · Temam et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR D770delinsGY1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID4801In a study of 19 non-small cell lung carcinoma patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation and treated with erlotinib monotherapy, patients with EGFR D770delinsGY mutation (n=2) experienced progress… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24353160 · Yasuda et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR D770_N771insGL1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID44942 patients with EGFR D770_N771insGL mutant lung adenocarcinoma were treated with first line erlotinib. A 45 year old male never smoker had progressive disease as best response with +24% change to tar… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24353160 · Yasuda et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR D770_N771insGT1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | accepted | EID4643In a lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring EGFR D770_N771insGT mutation, EGFR D770_N771insGT was associated with lack of response to treatment with erlotinib monotherapy. PMID 23371856 · Arcila et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR E709_T710>D1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4663In a stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patient with EGFR E709_T710>D mutation, EGFR E709_T710>D was reported to be sensitive to erlotinib treatment. The patient was treated with erlotinib monotherapy and a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22982663 · Ackerman et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR E746_A750del4 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Minimally Invasive Lung AdenocarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2513EGFR exons 18-24 were analyzed in 7 patients who had shown a partial response to erlotinib in a phase II trial for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC, or in situ pulmonary adenocarcinoma). One patient … (full text at CIViC) PMID 15329413 · Pao et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4205In a Taiwanese stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patient with brain metastasis harboring EGFR E746_A750del mutation, EGFR E746_A750del was reported to be sensitive to erlotinib treatment. The patient was t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17618013 · Chang et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | |||||
| EGFR E746_A750>IP1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4754A study of five clinical trials reported that chemotherapy na�ve non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR sensitizing mutations (exon 19 deletion, L858R, L861Q, or G719X) treated with erlotinib o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19671843 · Jackman et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR E746G1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1787In a meta-analysis of 7 clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of erlotinib, one patient was described with the exon 19 mutation E746G from the BeTa study. Progression-free (415 days) and overall (46… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26773740 · Klughammer et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR E746_T751delinsA1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4222In a lung adenocarcinoma patient with EGFR E746_T751>A mutation EGFR E746_A751>A was associated with improved response to erlotinib treatment. The patient was treated with erlotinib monotherapy and ac… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17085664 · Balak et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR E746_T751>I1 | ||||||||
| Gefitinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID4209Mutational profiling was performed on EGFR exons 18-24 from a group of 10 retrospectively chosen lung cancer patients who had shown partial response or clinical imporvement in response to gefitinib. O… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15329413 · Pao et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR E884K1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3813In a lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring EGFR L858R (a known sensitizing mutation to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and EGFR E884K co-mutations, EGFR E884K was reported to be refractory to erlotini… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16407879 · Choong et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR EGFRVIII1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Colon Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID11116Case report describing a 63-year-old patient with colorectal adenocarcinoma with disease progression after treatment with XELOX-bevacizumab and bevacizumab-FOLFIRI. After the detection of EGFR aberrat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32162810 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB4 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Mobocertinib + Osimertinib + Tarloxotinib + Trastuzumab DeruxtecanSequential | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12373This is a case report of a 58-year-old never-smoker diagnosed with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy ((1) carboplatin/pemetrexed, (2)docetaxel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39637337 · Guimaraes-Young et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Exon 19 Deletion8 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID880A phase III clinical trial (NCT00949650) found that median progression free survival among patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion was 13.6 months for afatinib and 6.9 months for chemotherapy (HR, 0.47; 9… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23816960 · Sequist et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID981Afatinib is an irreversible covalent inhibitor of EGFR (second generation). This Phase III clinical trial (LUX-Lung 6; NCT01121393) was performed in Asian patients with EGFR mutant advanced NSCLC. 364… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24439929 · Wu et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | |||
| EGFR Exon 19 Deletion + MET Exon 14 Skipping MutationMETEGFR1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib + CrizotinibCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11394A 53-year old woman (former smoker: 15 pack-years) was diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer that revealed an adenocarcinoma. Initial tumor was sequenced to find an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation … (full text at CIViC) PMID 30341016 · Kauffmann-Guerrero et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Exon 19 Deletion + MET Y1003NMETEGFR1 | ||||||||
| Capmatinib + OsimertinibCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11418A 65-year old female diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma revealed several brain lesions, the largest measuring 1.8 x 1.5 x 1.9 cm. COBAS EGFR mutation test was run and revealed EGFR exon 19 deletion mu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36188633 · Wilgucki et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR Exon 20 Insertion5 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1809In retrospective analysis of trials, afatinib conferred limited clinical benefit to patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations (N=23). Only 2 patients had objective responses. PMID 26051236 · Yang et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID9222A retrospective study showed that out of 11 patients with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma treated with erlotinib who carried in-frame exon 20 insertion variant, only 3 patients showed objective response … (full text at CIViC) PMID 26096453 · Naidoo et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | ||
| EGFR Expression1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4213A phase 3 study of 889 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients (with non-progressive disease while on standard chemotherapy treatment), reported that patients harboring EGFR mutation (exon 19 del… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21969500 · Brugger et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR G7191 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1780In a meta-analysis of 7 clinical trials of erlotinib (some vs placebo or other treatment), 10/24 patients with Exon 18 mutations harbored a G719 variant. These variants were associated with improved p… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26773740 · Klughammer et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR G719A1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4196In a retrospective study of 46, Caucasian, advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients, a patient harboring EGFR G719A mutation was associated with resistance to erlotinib treatment. The patient survived 9.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27032107 · De Grève et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR G719A + MET Splice Site (c.2888-21_2888-20delinsGC)METEGFR1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib + CrizotinibCombination | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11466A 60-year old man (smoker: 300 pack-years) presented with lung adenocarcinoma measuring 3.0 x 2.3 cm and multiple lymph node metastases. Next-generation sequencing revealed a EGFR G719A (abundance 5.0… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30922580 · Zeng et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR G719C1 | ||||||||
| Cisplatin + Nab-paclitaxel + SintilimabCombination | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13096A patient with stage IV lung squamous cell carcinoma harboring an EGFR G719C mutation and high PD-L1 expression (tumor proportion score of 90%) experienced disease progression after 1.5 months of afat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40959071 · Fu et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR G719S1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4192In an advanced lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring EGFR G719S mutation, EGFR G719S was reported to be sensitive to erlotinib treatment. The patient was initially treated with standard chemotherapy, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 21841502 · De Pas et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| GNAT3 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Aumolertinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID12366A 58-year-old male with stage IVB lung adenocarcinoma presented with respiratory symptoms and widespread metastases. NGS revealed EGFR-GNAT3 fusion (EGFR exons 1–24 to GNAT3 exon 8; 76.3% abundance) a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38595815 · Wang et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EGFR H773_V774insNPH1 | ||||||||
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID4493A 61 year old male never smoker with EGFR H773_V774insNPH mutant lung adenocarcinoma was treated with fourth line erlotinib and had progressive disease as best response, progression free survival of 1… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24353160 · Yasuda et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 10 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
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| submitted |
EID4206In lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR E746_A750del mutation (n=2), EGFR E746_A750del was associated with improved response to erlotinib treatment. The patients were treated with erlotinib monother… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17085664 · Balak et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4207In a retrospective study of 46 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients, two patients harboring EGFR E746_A750del mutation were associated with resistance to erlotinib treatment. One patient survi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27032107 · De Grève et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| accepted |
EID983In analysis of LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6 trials (NCT00949650 and NCT01121393), of EGFR mutant NSCLC, median overall survival with afatinib treatment was seen to be significantly improved over chemothe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25589191 · Yang et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID882In a phase 2 study (NCT00525148), patients with lung adenocarcinoma (stage IIIb with pleural effusion or stage IV) and EGFR mutations, treated with afatinib, were assessed by objective response. In to… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22452895 · Yang et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Antigen-specific Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Therapy | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13095A patient with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma harboring an EGFR exon 19 deletion developed acquired resistance to osimertinib without an identified molecular resistance mechanism. The patient subsequen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40959071 · Fu et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | accepted | EID4766In a stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring EGFR exon 19 deletion, EGFR exon 19 deletion was associated with sensitivity to erlotinib monotherapy. Prior to identification of the EGFR exon 19 d… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27566387 · Kanemaru et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gefitinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2519In a phase 3 clinical trial of Korean, never-smoker, lung adenocarcinoma patients, a subset of patients with EGFR mutations (n=42) treated with gefitinib were associated with improved overall response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22370314 · Han et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID6184A Japanese Phase III clinical study assessed the noninferiority of gefitinib in comparison to erlotinib in 561 patients with postoperative or recurrent stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma. Patients were… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27022112 · Urata et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
In retrospective analysis of clinical trials and case studies, most patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations did not benefit from first-generation EGFR kinase inhibitors.
PMID 26773740 · Klughammer et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC
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| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | accepted | EID4650In stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients (n=2) harboring EGFR inframe exon 20 insertion mutation, EGFR exon 20 insertion was associated with progressive disease after 1 and 3 months of erlotinib monot… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22895145 · Lund-Iversen et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gefitinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID4646A 78 year old M former smoker with lung adenocarcinoma with no prior therapy was tested for mutation in EGFR exons 18 to 21 and had Exon 20 in frame insertion. He had a three month course of first gen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22895145 · Lund-Iversen et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |