Subtype
Malignant Neoplasm of Unknown Primary
CI-CAN-00001150CUPExplore in graph →
- NCIt
- C8566
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00001150CUPExplore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,035 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERBB2 V777L + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11560KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 V842I1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11561HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 V842I1 | ||||||||
| Neratinib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11570Neratinib suppresses anchorage-independent growth in transduced HPNE cells with the variant in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 6B–C) with complete inhibition at a concentration of 0.5 µM (Fig… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 V842I + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11562KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 Y772_A775DUP4 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1045A 55 year old heavily pretreated patient with equivocal HER2 overexpression (IHC2+ and no amplification in FISH) was found to have the HER2 YMVA kinase domain insertion. Afatinib monotherapy resulted… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26559459 · Li et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1888A Phase II study for use of Afatinib in non- or light smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. Three patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinomas bearing mutations in the kinase domain of HER2 gene were ide… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22325357 · De Grève et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dacomitinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | |||
| ERBB3 D297Y1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib + Cetuximab + ErlotinibSubstitutes | Esophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9675In an in vitro study, an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line KYSE150 expressing ERBB3 (HER3) D297Y mutation was associated with insensitivity to cetuximab, afatinib, and erlotinib trea… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27207775 · Nakamura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB3 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| 9F7-F11 + PertuzumabCombination | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID865In mice xenografts expressing ERBB3 (HER3) the combination of ERBB2 (HER2) and ERBB3 inhibitors pertuzumab and 9F7-F11enhanced tumor inhibition and the median survival time. Sensitivity to single-agen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25216528 · Thomas et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB3 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Trastuzumab Emtansine | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID8707In a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT00829166), metastatic HER-2 amplified breast cancer patients whose tumors harbored higher than median levels of ERBB3 mRNA treated with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26920887 · Baselga et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB3 R1202W1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + ErlotinibSubstitutes | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9681In an in vitro study, an head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line KYSE270 expressing ERBB3 (HER3) R1202W mutation was associated with insensitivity to cetuximab and erlotinib treatments… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27207775 · Nakamura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB4 EXPRESSION2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID1961Preventing HER4 cleavage by a γ-secretase inhibitor and inhibiting HER4 tyrosine kinase activity by neratinib decreased trastuzumab-induced HER4 nuclear translocation and enhanced trastuzumab response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25153719 · Mohd Nafi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID868siRNA knockdown of HER4 or inhibition with neratinib enhanced trastuzumab response in breast cancer cell lines. PMID 25153719 · Mohd Nafi et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB4 G1109C2 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID9676This retrospective preclinical study assessed the efficacy of afatinib towards head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) human cell lines expressing ERBB4 (HER4) G1109C mutation. According to the … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27207775 · Nakamura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4809In an in vitro study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line SAS expressing ERBB4 (HER4) G1109C was associated with insensitivity to erlotinib treatment (IC50=1.47uM). Resistance was determ… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27207775 · Nakamura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| EREG EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | E | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1055Study reporting an in-vivo two-stage initiation/promotion model, testing the hypothesis that Ereg deficiency would reduce lung tumor promotion in mice. Cancerogenesis with chemical initiators/promoter… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26894620 · Bauer et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK2 Fusion + TERT c.-124C.TTERTNTRK21 | ||||||||
| Larotrectinib | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11278A 53 year old female patient had PTC treated with surgery and multiple brain metastases. TERT c.-124C.T mutation and ETV6::NTRK2 fusion was found in pleural biopsy and cerebellar resection specimens.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35171659 · Park et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK3 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID6474Prasad et al queried the histopathology of 28 Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTCs) from patients ages 6-18 years (20 females, 8 males). None had significant exposure to radiation. 5 / 27 PTCs (18.5%) h… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26784937 · Prasad et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FBXW7 Loss-of-function1 | ||||||||
| Everolimus | Renal Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | E | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1628mTOR protein levels were found to underly a circadian 24-hour rhythm regulated by time-dependent Fbxw7-mediated ubiquitination. Survival rates of tumor-bearing mice with everolimus showed time-depende… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24253377 · Okazaki et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FCGR2A H167R1 | ||||||||
| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID10881325 HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy from the N9831 clinical trial were analyzed. There was no statistical difference in disease-free survival between tr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24989892 · Norton et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FCGR3A F212V1 | ||||||||
| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID10871325 HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy from the N9831 clinical trial were analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24989892 · Norton et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGF19 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13269In a retrospective study of 45 patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib, FGF19 copy-number gain (defined as ≥5 copies) was detected in 2/6 (33.3%) patients with complete… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27384874 · Kaibori et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGF19 Overexpression3 | ||||||||
| FGFR4 Inhibitor H3B-6527 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7518In a study with a panel of 40 HCC cell lines and 30 HCC PDX model showed that FGF19 expression is a predictive biomarker for H3B-6527. H3B-6527 is a highly selective covalent FGFR4 inhibitor. PMID 29247039 · Joshi et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Fisogatinib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID7636In a phase 1 trial, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with selective FGFR4 inhibitor, fisogatinib (BLU-554). For dose escalation, 25 patients received 140 to 900 mg fisogatinib once … (full text at CIViC) PMID 31575541 · Kim et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | |||
| FGF3 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID1966FGF3/FGF4 amplification was observed in around 2% of HCCs. Although the sample size was relatively small, FGF3/FGF4 amplification, a poorly differentiated histological type, and multiple lung metastas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22890726 · Arao et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGF4 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13273In a retrospective analysis of sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma, FGF3/FGF4 co-amplification was detected in 3 of 10 evaluable tumors from patients with complete or partial responses and in 0… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22890726 · Arao et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR1 Amplification5 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID682In this study in surgically resected squamous cell lung cancer, FGFR1 amplification has been shown as an independent negative prognostic factor in Asian patients. FGFR1 amplification also correlates w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23182986 · Kim et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID687Effect of FGFR1 amplification on survival unclear, no significant correlation with PFS and OS seen in this meta-analysis. However, FGFR1 amplification is significantly correlated with lymph node metas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25433983 · Jiang et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | ||||
| FGFR1 Amplification + MYC OverexpressionFGFR1MYC1 | ||||||||
| Pazopanib | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID7811Patient diagnosed with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer had high-level amplification of FGFR1 and high expression of MYC. Patient was treated with 400 mg pazopanib twice a day. CT taken four and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24302556 · Malchers et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR1 Expression4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID970Expression of bFGF and FGFR1 were evaluated in 61 biopsy specimens of primary OSCC (IHC). Expression was evaluated in both the cancer cells and fibroblasts at the invasive front of each tumor. bFGF an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16454808 · Hase et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 1 | accepted | EID798This review identified 12 studies that addressed the prognostic role of FGFRs in HNSSC. The authors conclude that evidence was found for prognostic value of FGFR1 expression in cancer-associated fibro… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26115874 · Ipenburg et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Infigratinib | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports | ||||
| FGFR1 S602F1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID13270Among 45 patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib, one patient whose tumor harbored the FGFR1 S602F kinase-domain mutation achieved a complete response. FGFR1 S602F was … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27384874 · Kaibori et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR2 Amplification3 | ||||||||
| Futibatinib | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11648In a phase 1 multihistology trial of the FGFR1/2/3/4 inhibitor futibatinib, an objective response rate of 13.7% was seen with responses in a broad spectrum of tumors and across a broad spectrum of FGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34551969 · Meric-Bernstam et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID11637In a phase 1 multihistology trial of the FGFR1/2/3/4 inhibitor futibatinib, an objective response rate of 13.7% was seen with responses in a broad spectrum of tumors and across a broad spectrum of FGF… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34551969 · Meric-Bernstam et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sorafenib | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | |||||
| FGFR2 K660E1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID7939NIH-3T3 cells with the FGFR2 K660E kinase domain mutation demonstrated an increase in colony formation relative to wild-type in an anchorage-independence assay, which was lost with the introduction of… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23786770 · Liao et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR2 M538I1 | ||||||||
| Sorafenib | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID13271Among 45 patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib, one patient whose tumor harbored FGFR2 M538I achieved a partial response. The same tumor also harbored FGFR4 G665E, pr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27384874 · Kaibori et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR2 Overexpression4 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID6454Only 12/118(10.2%) of patients with type I papillary renal cell carcinoma expressed FGFR2 whereas 37/96 (38.5%) patients with type II papillary renal cell carcinoma(P=0.001). In addition, FGFR2 expre… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27379982 · Tsimafeyeu et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID6456Patients with high FGFR2 expression had an overall survival rate of 72.2,40.6% at 1,3 years (p<0.05) and those with low FGFR2 expression had a 1,3 year survival rate of 92.0,82.8% (p<0.05). The diseas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20798558 · Harimoto et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | ||||
| FGFR2 P253R1 | ||||||||
| Pazopanib | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7833FGFR2 p.P253R mutation detected in patient with head and neck SCC. Mutation initially detected by RNA-Seq and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Patient is 52 y/o male with initial diagnosis of SCC of … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23786770 · Liao et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FGFR2 S320C1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID7938NIH-3T3 cells with the FGFR2 S320C extracellular domain mutation demonstrated an increase in colony formation in an anchorage-independence assay, which was lost with the introduction of AP24534, BGJ39… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23786770 · Liao et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 10 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| rejected |
EID1049In this phase II study (NCT00818441) of dacomitinib in HER2 amplified or mutant NSCLC tumors, a cohort of 12 cases with the AYVM insertion did not show any partial responses to dacomitinib, in contras… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25899785 · Kris et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC |
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| Trastuzumab Emtansine | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1125A 51-year old female never smoker with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma carrying a HER2 insertion in exon 20 (p.A775_G776insYVMA) by sequencing archived material, HER2 overexpression by IHC (2+) and HER2 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 25789838 · Weiler et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| submitted |
EID7519In a cell viability assay, FGF19 overexpression in MHCC97L cells prevented cell death against sorafenib. PMID 28069043 · Gao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC |
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| 3 |
| accepted |
EID683This study shows an association of FGFR1 amplification with shorter overall and disease-free survival. However, no statistically significant association is seen on multivariate analysis. PMID 25086725 · Seo et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC |
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| Infigratinib | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1908Phase 1 study of FGFR-inhibitor BGJ398 (infigratinib) in advanced cancer with FGFR-aberrations (n=132). In the subgroup of FGFR1-amplified squamous NSCLC (as classified by FISH), 36 patients were trea… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27870574 · Nogova et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PD173074 | Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID680Preclinical (in-vitro, in-vivo) evidence suggests predictive value of FGFR1 amplification for treatment with FGFR1-inhibitors. 4 of 83 cell lines exhibited FGFR1 amplification, and 3 of these were hig… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21160078 · Weiss et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID799FGFR1 mRNA expression, rather than copy number alterations, were predictive of response to FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 in cell lines and patient derived xenografts. PMID 26015511 · Göke et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID800FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 was most effective in a gastric cancer cell line model with high expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2IIIc. PMID 26637881 · Schmidt et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID13276Three FGFR2-amplified gastric cancer cell lines showed submicromolar sensitivity to sorafenib in growth-inhibition assays: HSC-43, HSC-39, and KATOIII had IC50 values of 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4 μM, respecti… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22890726 · Arao et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
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| 3 |
| submitted |
EID6460FGFR1, -2, -3, and -4 were expressed in 5.3%, 11.1%, 3.8%, and 52.7% of HCCs, respectively. Among the development set of 153 patients, FGFR2 positivity in HCC was associated with a significantly short… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25834803 · Lee et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | D | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | submitted | EID6466It is clear that patients with FGFR2/Plcγ1/Grb2 relative concentrations as: high/high/low have the poorest prognosis whilst those having FGFR2/Plcγ1/Grb2 as: low/low/high drastically enhances the prog… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26693065 · Timsah et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |