Subtype
Malignant Neoplasm of Unknown Primary
CI-CAN-00001150CUPExplore in graph →
- NCIt
- C8566
- Other
- 1 more code
Loading cancer entity…
Subtype
CI-CAN-00001150CUPExplore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,035 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERBB2 Amplification18 | ||||||||
| Trastuzumab | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID529A randomized clinical trial of 186 patients with previously untreated, HER2-positive, metastatic breast cancer demonstrated improved overall survival, response rate, response duration, time to progres… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15911866 · Marty et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1022ToGA, a Phase III study (NCT01041404) addressed use of trastuzumab in HER2 positive advanced gastric cancer, where chemotherapy using fluoropyrimidine-based and platinum-based combinations had been co… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20728210 · Bang et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1097HER2 expression in uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) is thought to be associated with poor prognosis and may act as a targetable driver mutation in this cancer. HER2 overexpression in USPC is… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18555254 · Santin et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Scrotal Paget DiseaseALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1693A 71-year old male with metastatic extramammary Paget’s disease of the scrotum overexpressing Her2/neu was treated with trastuzumab, achieving a complete response. At 12 months, he maintains stable di… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25692060 · Barth et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Capecitabine + TrastuzumabCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1133In this Phase III trial, trastuzumab-based treatment was assessed in women with locally advanced or metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer who had progressed on trastuzumab. Patients had 12 weeks or … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19289619 · von Minckwitz et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Carboplatin + TrastuzumabCombination | Ovarian Mucinous Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID13137Ovarian mucinous carcinoma responds poorly to paclitaxel and carboplatin, prompting interest in targeted therapy, and it resembles gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma, a tumour type in which HER2 (ERBB2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20003286 · McAlpine et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Regimen + TrastuzumabCombination | Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11322In this randomized, phase II trial, 61 patients with primary stage III or IV or recurrent HER2/neu-positive uterine serous carcinoma. Participants were randomly assigned to receive carboplatin-paclita… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29584549 · Fader et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Chemotherapy + TrastuzumabCombination | Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID11256In this phase 3, open-label, randomized controlled trial, 594 patients (584 in the primary analysis) with HER2-positive amplification or overexpression gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20728210 · Bang et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab Emtansine | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1159The Phase III trial, TH3RESA (NCT01419197), was performed in patients with advanced HER2 breast cancer that was heavily pretreated. Patients were required to have prior exposure to trastuzumab and la… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24793816 · Krop et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1160The EMILIA study (NCT00829166) was a Phase II trial to assess the efficacy of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1, n=495) in comparison to lapatinib plus capecitabine (n=496), in treatment of advanced HER2 p… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23020162 · Verma et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1764In the single arm Phase II study (TDM4258g) breast cancer patients who had progressed on previous anti-HER2 therapy were given transtuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), a HER2 monoclonal antibody and antimicrot… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21172893 · Burris et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1432In a randomized phase II study, first line treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) resulted in improved progression free survival and fewer serious adver… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23382472 · Hurvitz et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Irinotecan + TrastuzumabCombination | Lung Small Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1044This report details 2 case studies in relapsed HER2 positive SCLC. In the first case, a 50 pack-year patient showed intense non-mutant HER2 expression by IHC without DNA amplification, and had underg… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25601188 · Kinehara et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Lapatinib + TrastuzumabCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1008This Phase III trial compared the activity of lapatinib vs. trastuzumab vs. sequential trastuzumab followed by lapatinib vs. lapatinib plus trastuzumab in an adjuvant treatment setting. 8381 women we… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26255196 · Zardavas et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Neratinib + TrastuzumabSequential | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID8047Primarily based on the results from the phase III ExteNET clinical trial (Study 3004, NCT00878709), on July 17, 2017, the FDA approved neratinib (NERLYNX, HKI-272) for extended adjuvant therapy of adu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29523624 · Singh et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID8049The initial 2 year follow-up of the Phase III clinical trial (exteNET, NCT00878709) where early stage HER2 positive breast cancer patients underwent adjuvant trastuzumab therapy and then either receiv… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29146401 · Martin et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Palbociclib + TrastuzumabCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1561In a panel of 47 breast cancer cell lines, HER2 overexpressing cells were among those more sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibitor Palbociclib (PD0332991). In the trastuzumab sensitive cell line Bt474, palbocic… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19874578 · Finn et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Pilaralisib + TrastuzumabCombination | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1448In 5 trastuzumab resistant HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines, combination of the pan-PI3K inhibitor XL147 (pilaralisib) and trastuzumab treatment induced cell death to similar or greater le… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23204226 · Chakrabarty et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 D769Y1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Extramammary Paget Disease | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID11688In this phase II NCI-MATCH trial, a patient with extra-mammary Paget disease of the skin with ERBB2 D769Y mutation was treated with afatinib. A confirmed RECIST response was reported in the patient wh… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35939768 · Bedard et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 E401G1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Neoplasm of Unknown PrimaryALIAS | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID11580H460 cells expressing the variant were tested to evaluate phosphorylation of the downstream signalling pathway. Results show an elevation in ERK phosphorylation similar to the positive control (S310F)… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34997908 · Harada et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 E717D1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11555HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 G776L1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1889A Phase II study for use of Afatinib in non- or light smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. Three patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinomas bearing mutations in the kinase domain of HER2 gene were ide… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22325357 · De Grève et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 G778_P780dup2 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1890A Phase II study for use of Afatinib in non- or light smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. Three patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinomas bearing mutations in the kinase domain of HER2 gene were ide… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22325357 · De Grève et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dacomitinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1048In this phase II study (NCT00818441) of dacomitinib in HER2 amplified or mutant NSCLC tumors, three of 26 patients with HER2 p.P780_Y781insGSP or p.M774delinsWLV showed partial responses of duration b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25899785 · Kris et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 H878Y1 | ||||||||
| Trastuzumab Deruxtecan | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | submitted | EID12529The authors report a case series where one patient with lung adenocarcinoma harbored ERBB2 variant H878Y (exon 21). Case 2, a 59-year-old male, received Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) (5.0 mg/kg once … (full text at CIViC) PMID 40873587 · Meng et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 Kinase Domain Mutation2 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID959A Phase II study for use of Afatinib in non- or light smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. Three patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinomas bearing mutations in the kinase domain of HER2 gene were ide… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22325357 · De Grève et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1043This was a retrospective study of patients with advanced HER2-mutant NSCLC who had undergone varied courses of treatment. All tumors were adenocarcinoma with in-frame HER2 exon 20 insertions. In pat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26598547 · Mazières et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 L755S3 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11557HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Capecitabine + NeratinibCombination | Triple-Negative Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID8055This patient originally presented in the clinic with an ER+, PR-, and HER2- mass on the left breast and bone metastasis. Family history showed negative germline mutations in BRCA1/2. Patient responded… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26358790 · Ben-Baruch et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Fluorouracil + Leucovorin + Trastuzumab | ||||||||
| ERBB2 L755S + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11558KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 Overexpression5 | ||||||||
| Lapatinib | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1992Case report of a 60-year old patient with p16 positive tumor of the tonsil with lung metastases after primary radiochemotherapy. The metastases were analyzed using a commercial molecular analysis and … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28061634 · Seim et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Ramucirumab | Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Reduced Sensitivity | 2 | submitted | EID7064Given that some results in HER2 gastroesophageal cancer have shown that after first line trastuzumab, second line chemotherapy with trastuzumab (CT) is superior to chemotherapy alone, the authors comp… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| Trastuzumab | Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | |||
| ERBB2 Q679L1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11553HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 R678Q4 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11551HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Nivolumab | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID13140In a retrospective cohort of gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (n = 3116; ERBB2 R678Q n = 40), ERBB2 R678Q did not show a significant association with resistance to nivolumab-contain… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40699829 · Suzuki et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Oxaliplatin | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | |||
| ERBB2 R678Q + KRAS G12DERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11552KRAS G12D-transformed HPNE cells with lentiviral vectors containing the variant significantly increased colony formation in number and size in soft agar compared to infected HPNE cells with the varian… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 S1050L1 | ||||||||
| Afatinib + Cetuximab + ErlotinibSubstitutes | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID9680In an in vitro study, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line OSC-19 expressing ERBB2 (HER2) S1050L mutation was associated with insensitivity to cetuximab, afatinib, and erlotinib treatment… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27207775 · Nakamura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 S310F1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11547HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 S423R1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11549HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 V659E1 | ||||||||
| Trastuzumab Deruxtecan | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12528The authors report a case series where two patients with lung adenocarcinoma tumors harbored ERBB2 variant V659E (exon 17). Both cases achieved partial response to Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd). The… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40873587 · Meng et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 V777L3 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID11559HPNE cells infected with lentiviral vectors containing the variant did show significant phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Supplementary Figure 1) compared to WT (Figure 2A and B). The variant also exhibits an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Neratinib | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11569Neratinib suppresses anchorage-independent growth in transduced HPNE cells with the variant in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 6B–C) with complete inhibition at a concentration of 0.5 µM (Fig… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab + Trastuzumab EmtansineSubstitutes | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | |||||||
| ERBB2 V777L + KRAS G12CERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| ARS-1620 + NeratinibCombination | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11572When tested in MIAPaCa2 (PDAC cell line and KRAS G12C) cells, Neratinib and ARS-1620 strongly inhibit AKT and MAPK phosphorylation (Figure 6F). Also, MIAPaCa2 cell line with the variant in exposure to… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 5 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Colorectal Adenocarcinoma |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Does Not Support Sensitivity Response |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID4955Patient was a 35 year old male who was treated with pseudoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Patient relapsed and was found to have an ERBB2 L755S kinase domain mutation along with mutations in APC and BRA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27626067 · Aung et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| submitted |
EID7062In a retrospective study of Chinese patients with advanced HER2 positive gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancer who had progressed on first line trastuzumab, continuation (n = 19) versus … (full text at CIViC) |
| civic |
| Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + TrastuzumabCombination | Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID7386In a randomized phase 2 trial, patients who have uterine serous carcinoma that overexpress erbb2 were allocated carboplatin-paclitaxed with or without trastuzumab. Median progression-free survival was… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29584549 · Fader et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Trastuzumab Emtansine | HER2-Positive Breast CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID4840Trastuzumab emtansine has its indication for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer after therapy with Trastuzumab and Taxane, approval based on PFS and preliminary OS data. EMILIA was a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28526536 · Diéras et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| accepted |
EID13138In a retrospective cohort of gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (n = 3116; ERBB2 R678Q n = 40), ERBB2 R678Q was associated with reduced response to oxaliplatin-based regimens compared… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40699829 · Suzuki et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Ramucirumab | Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID13139In a retrospective cohort of gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (n = 3116; ERBB2 R678Q n = 40), ERBB2 R678Q did not show a significant association with resistance to ramucirumab-conta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40699829 · Suzuki et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Resistance |
| 3 |
| submitted |
EID5817In a cohort of 205 Her2-receptor amplified breast cancers, 20 experienced recurrence after trastuzumab therapy. Of the 20 recurrent cases, only six patients had metastatic sites, excluding brain metas… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27900589 · Hirotsu et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |