Cancer Family
Endocrine Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000015Explore in graph →
- NCIt
- C3010
Loading cancer entity…
Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000015Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
105 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RET C609Y2 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predisposing | B | Supports Predisposition | 4 | accepted | EID2913Study of a family with three generations of history indicating co-segregation of RET C609Y and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, many of whom exhibited medullary thyroid cancers specifically. 22 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19472011 · Calva et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predisposing | E | Supports Uncertain Significance | 3 | submitted | EID2914This study performed various functional characterizations of several RET mutations known to occur as pathogenic germline variants in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and medullary thyroid cancer. S… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16715139 · Mise et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET C634R1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | submitted | EID4894Sixty-nine individuals from 12 different families presented a codon 634 mutation, the most prevailing missense mutation in our series. The specific mutations identified were C634Y (n = 49), C634R (n =… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12788868 · Puñales et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET C634W2 | ||||||||
| Axitinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3694In an in vitro study, a MTC-TT cell line expressing RET C634W mutation (endogenous) demonstrated resistance to axitinib treatment (IC50: 1.56uM). Resistance was determined by assessing cell viability… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21470995 · Verbeek et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Motesanib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID75Medullary thyroid cancer cells with RET C634W mutation are insensitive to motesanib, compared to wild-type RET. PMID 21422803 · Coxon et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET D378_G685>E1 | ||||||||
| Selpercatinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID11658A 15-year-old boy with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma harboring an RET exon 6 deletion (D378_G685>E), previously treated sequentially with four multitargeted kinase inhibitors (vandetanib, sun… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32923911 · Ortiz et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET D898_E901del + RET E632_L633del1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID12710In a study of 56 Medullary Thyroid Cancer patients (50 somatic and 6 hereditary) two patients had somatic p.E632_L633del. One of them had p.E632_L633del and p.D898_E901del found in lymph node metasta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29515777 · Romei et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET E632_L633del3 | ||||||||
| Selpercatinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID11875Among 319 medullary thyroid cancer patients enrolled in the LIBRETTO-001 trial, 9 patients harbored the RET p.E632_L633del mutation (c.1894_1899delGAGCTG) in their tumor. After treatment with the sel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37376747 · Szymczak et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12716A patient with advanced progressive medullary thyroid cancer and distant metastatic disease harbored the somatic RET E632_L633del indel and was treated under the LIBRETTO-201 (NCT03906331) trial. Selp… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35616103 · Elisei et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma | |||||||
| RET G810S1 | ||||||||
| Pralsetinib + SelpercatinibSubstitutes | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID8919Cell-free DNA was analysed in a patient with RET-mutant (M918T and V804M) medullary thyroid cancer and another patient with CCDC6-RET fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer who had developed acqui… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33161056 · Subbiah et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET M918T10 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | accepted | EID12800In a study of 100 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), RET gene exons 10-11 and 13-16 were analyzed with tumor and matched normal samples. A somatic RET mutation was identified in… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18073307 · Elisei et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID78In a study of 64 patients (48 kindreds), 62 had germline mutations at known hotspots in RET. Patients with RET M918T mutation were associated with MEN 2B subtype and developed larger and more aggressi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 9839497 · Egawa et al., 1998 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (predisposing) | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | |||||||
| RET G810S + RET M918T1 | ||||||||
| Selpercatinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID8196In two out of three patients with MTC treated in a phase1/2 trial, the RET G810 mutation emerged in ctDNA together with an acquired resistance after initial response to selpercatinib. PMID 31988000 · Solomon et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET M918T + RET V804M2 | ||||||||
| Selpercatinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6950After progressing on 6 multi-kinase inhibitor (MKI) regimens (including sorafenib , vandetanib, cabozantinib, MGCD-516, RXDX-105, and vandetanib plus everolimus ), a metastatic medullary thyroid cance… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29912274 · Subbiah et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | rejected | EID11307After progressing on 6 multi-kinase inhibitor (MKI) regimens (including sorafenib , vandetanib, cabozantinib, MGCD-516, RXDX-105, and vandetanib plus everolimus ), a metastatic medullary thyroid cance… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29912274 · Subbiah et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET Mutation5 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID74In a study of 100 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), RET gene exons 10-11 and 13-16 were analyzed with tumor and matched normal samples. A somatic RET mutation was identified in… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18073307 · Elisei et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cabozantinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID8984In this retrospective analysis of a phase 3 trial of cabozantinib or placebo in 330 patients. Among those, 51.2% were RET mutation-positive (38.2% with RET M918T), 34.8% were RET mutation-unknown, and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27525386 · Sherman et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selpercatinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma | |||||||
| RET V804M2 | ||||||||
| Selpercatinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID6951A patient with RET M918T-mutant medullary thyroid cancer metastatic to the liver and an acquired RET V804M gatekeeper resistance mutation, previously treated with six MKI regimens, experienced rapid r… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29912274 · Subbiah et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7068In this phase 1 trial, 57 patients were treated with the selective RET Inhibitor selpercatinib (LOXO-292). A 57-year-old male with a hereditary RET V804M gatekeeper mutation treated with 3 prior multi… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| RET Y806C1 | ||||||||
| Pralsetinib + SelpercatinibSubstitutes | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID8920Cell-free DNA was analysed in a patient with RET-mutant (M918T and V804M) medullary thyroid cancer and another patient with CCDC6-RET fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer who had developed acqui… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33161056 · Subbiah et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET Y806N1 | ||||||||
| Pralsetinib + SelpercatinibSubstitutes | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID8921Cell-free DNA was analysed in a patient with RET-mutant (M918T and V804M) medullary thyroid cancer and another patient with CCDC6-RET fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer who had developed acqui… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33161056 · Subbiah et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RICTOR Amplification2 | ||||||||
| Vistusertib | Lung Small Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7449In a phase 2 basket trial, patients with small-cell lung carcinoma (SLC) who failed platinum-based chemotherapy and harbored RICTOR amplification were treated with mTOR 1/2 inhibitor vistusertib (AZD2… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| MTOR Kinase Inhibitor AZD8055 + Sapanisertib + VistusertibSubstitutes | Lung Small Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID1916RICTOR amplification was observed in ca. 14% of 42 SCLC patients with panel sequencing results. 4 cell lines (2 with RICTOR CN gain, 2 without) were tested for the efficacy of mTOR pathway inhibitors.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27863413 · Sakre et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SDHA R31* (c.91C>T)1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma | Predisposing | C | N/A N/A | 2 | submitted | EID8589Thirty-nine cases of sporadic or familial pheo/PGL and pituitary adenomas (PA) were investigated. Known pheo/PGL genes (SDHA-D, SDHAF2, RET, VHL, TMEM127, MAX, FH) and pituitary adenoma genes (MEN1, A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25494863 · Dénes et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SDHB c.314T>A1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Paraganglioma | Predisposing | C | Supports Predisposition | 2 | submitted | EID13231A germline SDHB c.314T>A variant was found in a 37 year old man with metastatic sympathetic abdominal paraganglioma. The variant was originally classified as a VUS. The loss of SDHB expression on the … (full text at CIViC) PMID 40213107 · Bernardi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SDHB p.193_196dupSTSC (c.577_588dupAGCACCAGCTGC)1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Paraganglioma | Predisposing | C | Supports Uncertain Significance | 2 | accepted | EID6442An in-frame duplication of 12 nucleotides resulting in the insertion of 4 amino acids within exon 6 of the SDHB gene was found in a single female case (a 13-year-old) with confirmed paraganglioma. The… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20193854 · Musil et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SLFN11 EXPRESSION1 | ||||||||
| Talazoparib + TemozolomideCombination | Lung Small Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID5883SLFN11 is a relevant predictive biomarker of sensitivity to PARP inhibitor monotherapy in SCLC as well as combinatorial therapy with TMZ. PMID 27440269 · Lok et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Larotrectinib | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID11575Bragas et al (2022) report a case study of a 50-year old female with a papillary thyroid carcinoma with multiple metastases containing a SQSTM1::NTRK1 fusion treated with larotrectinib. SQSTM1::NTRK1 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 35118995 · Bargas et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| SSTR5 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Pasireotide | Neuroendocrine Tumor | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID10193Phase II study of pasireotide in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours enrolled 29 patients. Overall median PFS was 11 months (95% CI, 7.6–16 months). High SSTR5 expression (seen in 17/22 samples measured… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25376618 · Cives et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TERT C228T1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID655In patients with papillary thyroid cancer harboring both BRAF V600E and the TERT promotor mutation C228T, recurrence-free survival is worse than in patients harboring one of these mutations or no muta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25024077 · Xing et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| High2 | ||||||||
| Ipilimumab + Lenvatinib + PembrolizumabCombination | Adrenal Cortical CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID13303A 54-year-old female with recurrent stage IV ACC that progressed after adrenalectomy, radiation, and mitotane had a TMB-high (11.6 mutations/Mb), MSS, PD-L1-negative tumor with a markedly clonal molec… (full text at CIViC) PMID 42158873 · Nakhleh et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Temozolomide | Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13033Temozolomide (TMZ), the principal alkylating agent used in PanNET, drives acquisition of a hypermutator phenotype through direct mutagenesis. In a paired pre/post-TMZ cohort (23 patients), a hypermuta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41244370 · Taboada et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TP53 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Adrenal Cortical CarcinomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID1028TP53 mutation was shown to be associated with shorter overall survival in patients with adrenocortical tumors (log-rank test; P=0.098). Of 20 patients studied, 5 had coding mutation in TP53. Four of t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15922892 · Sidhu et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Larotrectinib | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID8042A healthy 12 year old with right neck mass was found to have heterogeneous solid mass originating from the right thyroid lobe. Total thyroidectomy confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with mult… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29610391 · Ronsley et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Larotrectinib | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID11747FFPE samples from 351 primary thyroid carcinomas were subjected to targeted gene rearrangement next-generation sequencing, and 11 NTRK rearrangements were found, all with intact kinase domains, and in… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32457407 · Chu et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| VHL G144E (c.431G>A)1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma | Predisposing | C | Supports Uncertain Significance | 2 | accepted | EID6106Screening of 68 patients, who had been operated on for apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas, for germline mutations in the VHL gene. This missense mutation was found in a 51 year-old female with unil… (full text at CIViC) PMID 9663592 · van der Harst et al., 1998 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| VHL I147T (c.440T>C)1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma | Predisposing | C | Supports Uncertain Significance | 2 | submitted | EID6107Screening of 68 patients, who had been operated on for apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas, for germline mutations in the VHL gene. This missense mutation was found in a 72 year-old female with unil… (full text at CIViC) PMID 9663592 · van der Harst et al., 1998 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| VHL L63P (c.188T>C)1 | ||||||||
| (predisposing) | Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma | Predisposing | C | Supports Uncertain Significance | 2 | submitted | EID6126Screening of 68 patients, who had been operated on for apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas, for germline mutations in the VHL gene. This missense mutation was found in a 35 year-old male with unilat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 9663592 · van der Harst et al., 1998 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 17 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| C |
| Does Not Support Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID12714A 35 yr old man presented with a 9 month history of worsening right side flank pain and no significant family history. Calcitonin was elevated. After imaging, total thyroidectomy with modified radica… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36416226 · Wijewardene et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Predisposing |
| C |
| Supports Predisposition |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID12711A total of 56 metastatic medullary thyroid cancer cases (50 sporadic, 6 familial) were analyzed for RET mutations. A total of 7 cases were found to have a RET germline mutations however one case had a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29515777 · Romei et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Axitinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3696In an in vitro study, a MZ-CRC-1 cell line expressing RET M918T mutation (endogenous) demonstrated resistance to axitinib treatment (IC50> 5uM). Resistance was determined by assessing cell viability. PMID 21470995 · Verbeek et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cabozantinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID7710In this retrospective analysis of a phase 3 trial of cabozantinib or placebo in 330 patients. Among those, 51.2% were RET mutation-positive (38.2% with RET M918T), 34.8% were RET mutation-unknown, and… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27525386 · Sherman et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK2 Inhibitor AZD1480 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID77The use of AZD1480 on RET-mutated/rearranged cell lines in vitro led to strong repression of tyroid cancer cell growth. PMID 23056499 · Couto et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Motesanib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID76Medullary thyroid cancer cells with RET M918T mutation are insensitive to motesanib, compared to wild-type RET. PMID 21422803 · Coxon et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selpercatinib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID12598The Phase 3 trial for the selective and brain-penetrant RET kinase inhibitor selpercatinib in Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) LIBRETTO-531 (NCT04211337) consisted of 291 total patients. The patients … (full text at CIViC) PMID 37870969 · Hadoux et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | rejected | EID11306After progressing on 6 multi-kinase inhibitor (MKI) regimens (including sorafenib , vandetanib, cabozantinib, MGCD-516, RXDX-105, and vandetanib plus everolimus ), a metastatic medullary thyroid cance… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29912274 · Subbiah et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sorafenib | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1365In a phase 2 clinical trial of sorafenib in patients with hereditary or sporadic advanced medullary thyroid cancer, 10 out of 12 patients genotyped in arm B (sporadic MTC) tested positive for RET muta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20368568 · Lam et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| A |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 5 |
| accepted |
EID12157In this phase III trial, 291 patients (12 years or older) with medullary thyroid cancer harbouring RET mutations were enrolled. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive selpercatinib (n=193)… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37870969 · Hadoux et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID8851In this international phase 1/2 trial (NCT03157128), 55 RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer patients who had previously received the multi-kinase inhibitors vandetanib and/or cabozantinib received th… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32846061 · Wirth et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Medullary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7070In this phase 1 trial, patients with RET-fusion or mutation positive cancers were treated with the selective RET-inhibitor selpercatinib (LOXO-292). Tumor reduction was achieved in 79% of medullary th… (full text at CIViC) | civic |