Neoplasm of Uncertain Histogenesis

This retrospective study evaluated the clinical utility of blood tumour mutational burden (bTMB) as a predictive biomarker for atezolizumab efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 30082870 · Gandara et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC

In a retrospective cohort of 16 patients treated with primary debulking surgery followed by platinum-taxane chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel), patients classified as platinum-resistant exhibit… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 35093146 · Yang et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC

This is part of a multi-centred, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, CHOICE-01, that examined therapeutic response to first-line chemotherapy plus PD-1 inhibitor in non-small cell lung cance… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 39255777 · Xu et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC

This retrospective analysis of the Phase 3 EAGLE trial (NCT02369874) evaluated tissue tumor mutational burden (tTMB) and blood TMB (bTMB) as predictive biomarkers in platinum-refractory recurrent or m… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 36806911 · Wildsmith et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC

In this randomized phase II trial, 180 patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer were treated with either a combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab (D+T; n=119) or best supportive… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 38727700 · Loree et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC

This is part of a open-label phase 3 trial, NEPTUNE, that examined therapeutic response to first-line durvalumab plus tremelimumab in patients with metastatic non-small cel lung cancer (NSCLC). 823 pa… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 36240972 · de Castro et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC

The MYSTIC study compared response rates for immunotherapy verses chemotherapy. Specifically looking at the efficacy of the anti-PD-L1 therapy, durvalumab, with/without the anti-CTLA-4 therapy, tremel… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 33355200 · Si et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC

This exploratory analysis of the Phase 3 MYSTIC trial (NCT02453282) evaluated blood tumour mutational burden (bTMB) as a predictive biomarker for first-line durvalumab with or without tremelimumab vs … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 32271377 · Rizvi et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC

This retrospective study evaluated the predictive value of tumor mutational burden (TMB) for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) outcomes in 97 patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer who had … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 38950679 · Di Federico et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC

This review synthesizes current preclinical, translational, and clinical evidence evaluating tumor mutational burden (TMB) as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response in t… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 41249701 · Das et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC

TMB is being investigated as a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TMB is defined as the number of somatic mutations per m… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 41249701 · Das et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC

A retrospective cohort study was performed with advanced NSCLC patients who had prior immunotherapy with available genomic testing, and TMB determined by NGS via the Foundation Medicine assay. 87 pati… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 33972172 · Kao et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC

This is a retrospective cohort study examining the association between tumour mutational burden (TMB) and clinical benefit from first-line single-arm immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapy compare… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 35977348 · Graf et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC

Tumors from a cohort of melanoma patients were analyzed with whole exome sequencing. Median nonsynonymous exonic mutational load was 197 mutations per sample (range: 7 to 5854). The cohort was stratif… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 26359337 · Van Allen et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC

This part of the open-label multipart phase 3 trial, CheckMate 277 (Trial ID: 29658845), examined the performance of nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared to chemotherapy among non-small-cell lung cancer… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 29658845 · Hellmann et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC

This part of the open-label multipart phase 3 trial, CheckMate 277 (Trial ID: 29658845), examined the performance of nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared to chemotherapy among non-small-cell lung cancer… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 29658845 · Hellmann et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC

Whole-exome sequencing-derived tumor mutational burden (TMB) was obtained from 75 patients recruited as part of the the CheckMate-012 trial (phase 1, open label, multicenter clincal trial of nivolumab… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 29657128 · Hellmann et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC

This retrospective analysis assessed the association between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the efficacy of nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab as first-line treatment for advanced/metastatic non-sm… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 30785829 · Ready et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC

In an exploratory analysis of the phase III CheckMate 026 trial in previously untreated stage IV or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer, patients with high tumor mutational burden (≥243 missense muta… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 28636851 · Carbone et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC

This observational cohort study assessed the association between total mutational burden (TMB) and the efficacy of anti-PD-1/L1 therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Using large comprehens… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 29467336 · Hanna et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC

High Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB >19 mutations/Mb) represents a robust and platform-validated genomic biomarker predictive of clinical benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in non–small ce… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 35708671 · Ricciuti et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC

Exomes were sequenced from two cohorts of non small cell lung cancer patients who were treated with pembrolizumab. In a discovery cohort of 16 patients, durable clinical benefit (DCB - partial or stab… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 25765070 · Rizvi et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC

Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRC) respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), but response rates vary, often < 50%, highlighting the need for better stratification.… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 31038663 · Schrock et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC

A 54-year-old female with recurrent stage IV ACC that progressed after adrenalectomy, radiation, and mitotane had a TMB-high (11.6 mutations/Mb), MSS, PD-L1-negative tumor with a markedly clonal molec… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 42158873 · Nakhleh et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC

This analysis of the Phase 2 KEYNOTE-782 trial (NCT03664024) evaluated the correlation of blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB) with the efficacy of first-line pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemoth… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 38422883 · Bar et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC

Temozolomide (TMZ), the principal alkylating agent used in PanNET, drives acquisition of a hypermutator phenotype through direct mutagenesis. In a paired pre/post-TMZ cohort (23 patients), a hypermuta… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 41244370 · Taboada et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC

This is part of a randomised phase 3 trial, CheckpOiNt Blockade For the Inihibition of Relapsed Mesothelioma (CONFIRM), that examined therapeutic response to the anti-PD1 inhibitor, nivolumab, in pati… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 40691143 · Fennell et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC

This is part of the randomised double-blind phase 3 trial, CameL-sq, a study that assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of the PD-1 blockade, camrelizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 34980131 · Jiang et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC

TMPRSS2/ERG gene fusion was observed in 23 of 29 (79%) of prostate carcinoma samples, and 90% of ERG expression positive prostate carcinoma samples.

PMID 16254181 · Tomlins et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC

TMPRSS2-ETV1 fusions are recurrent in prostate cancers.

PMID 16254181 · Tomlins et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC

Non-invasive detection of multiple TMPRSS2:ERG fusion mutations in urine samples of patients with prostate cancer. Rapid 60 minute screening using DNA ligase and isothermal amplification to detect m… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 27865106 · Koo et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC

The authors analyzed 96 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and identified several recurrently mutated genes

PMID 28327945 · Albuquerque et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC

In a clinical study including 106 patients, over expression of TNC-L is significantly associated with decreased OS by a multivariate analysis (p = 0.0005).

PMID 31463696 · Hagiwara et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC

In an in vitro study, an increased gemcitabine IC50 significantly correlated with increased concentration of TNfnA-D (TNC-L). Resistance reached a platform at 20 ug/ml (p < 0.01).

PMID 20686216 · Gong et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

Focusing on ABC DLBCL, the authors showed that >50% of cases have somatic mutations in regulators of NF-KB with TNFAIP3 among the most common.

PMID 19412164 · Compagno et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC

This study used a combination of RNA-seq, whole genome and targeted sequencing to identify recurrently mutated genes in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. They reported 30 genes that had si… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 21796119 · Morin et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC

Low coverage WGS and WES was performed on 752 multiple myleoma patients. Structural variants (copy number gains, templated insertions, and or translocations) of TNFRS17 were found in 19 (2.5%) patient… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 33392515 · Rustad et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC

B-ALL cases with high-risk clinical features or suggestion of a kinase rearrangement were subjected to low density gene expression array to determine Ph-like status. 1 patient (6 years old) with a TN… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 25207766 · Roberts et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC

A patient harbouring a novel TNKS2–PDGFRA fusion in a myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia demonstrated a dramatic and durable response upon treatment with Imatinib mono therapy.

PMID 25658984 · Chalmers et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC

This retrospective study of COG ALL cases from a 5 year period identified 10 of 40 T-ALL cases with an ABL1 rearrangement. One 3 year old patient had a novel complex rearrangement between TNRC6B and A… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 30803551 · Papenhausen et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC

The OncoBird framework utilizes data from the open-label, randomized phase III FIRE-3 trial, which involved patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma who received either cetuximab or bevacizumab i… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 37666855 · Ohnmacht et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC

FFPE tumor samples from 78 patients with colorectal cancer, who had received irinotecan monotherapy were analyzed with a FISH dual-probe. TOP1 gain was nonsignificantly associated with objective respo… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 24256029 · Nygård et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC

TOP1 E418K mutation and TOP1 122fs contribute to acquired resistance to Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) therapy through alterations in the drug target TOP1. The patient, a 42-year-old female with metastati… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 34404686 · Coates et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC

Shorter progression free survival was observed in patients with low expression (IHC) of topoisomerase 1 in 16 patients with relapsed or persistent ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma after treatment with … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 19648970 · Litzow et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC

498 patients were retrospectively analyzed for topoisomerase 1 expression (IHC). In the subgroup of patients treated with irinotecan (38% of the 498), those patients expressing Topoisomerase I had a b… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 19775480 · Kostopoulos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC

In a retrospective study, TOP2A expression was assessed by IHC for 108 breast cancer patients (from TAX 303 trial). TOP2A expression was associated with a higher probability of response in doxorubicin… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 15486187 · Durbecq et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC

In an in vitro study, leukemia cells expressing TOP2A/90 show increased inhibition (p < 0.025) upon KD of TOP2A/90 when treated with etoposide. Moreover cells expressing TOP2A/170 but not TOP2A/90 sho… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 29514855 · Kanagasabai et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC

In an in vitro study, leukemia cells expressing TOP2A/90 show increased IC50 compared to leukemia cells underexpressing TOP2A/90 when treated with etoposide, daunorubicin, mAMSA, mitoxantrone and pixa… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 33446509 · Hernandez et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC

This study reportedly sequenced 1001 DLBCL tumors using whole exome sequencing. They reported 150 recurrently mutated genes. Some concerns about the validity of the results have been expressed in subs… (full text at CIViC)

PMID 28985567 · Reddy et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC

In a study of invasive ovarian carcinoma patients who had undergone surgery, the p53 alteration variant was defined as p53 mutation or p53 overexpression by immunostain (>10% positive). Patients with … (full text at CIViC)

PMID 11595686 · Reles et al., 2001 · Open in CIViC