Cancer Family
Leukemia
CI-CAN-00000215Explore in graph →
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000215Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,279 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPM1 EXON 11 MUTATION7 | ||||||||
| Daunorubicin | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID147Young patients (18-60) with NPM1 mutations had improved overall survival following high-dose versus standard dose daunorubicin (p=0.01) in univariate analysis. However, the adjusted p-value for multip… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22417203 · Patel et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NSC348884 + TretinoinCombination | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID149NSC348884 combined with ATRA treatment induces apoptosis in primary AML cells harboring mutant NPM1 but not in cells with wildtype NPM1 or both mutant NPM1 and FLT3-ITD. PMID 21719597 · Balusu et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Revumenib | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1 MutationALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13286In the phase 2 portion of AUGMENT-101 (NCT04065399), an open-label, single-arm, multicentre study, patients with relapsed or refractory NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia received the oral menin inh… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40332046 · Arellano et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Tretinoin | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID137ATRA treatment plus chemotherapy (daunorubicin, Ara-C, and thioguanine, N=113) did not effect overall survival in patients <60 years old with NPM1 mutation regardless of FLT3-ITD status compared to ch… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19965647 · Burnett et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID146ATRA treatment improved overall and relapse-free survival in older (>60) patients with mutant NPM1 and without FLT3-ITD. PMID 19059939 · Schlenk et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Valproic Acid | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID148For patients with NPM1 mutation that achieved CR following induction therapy, relapse-free survival was improved following treatment with valproic acid. PMID 24797300 · Tassara et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Ziftomenib | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1 MutationALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID13285In the registration-enabling phase II portion of KOMET-001 (NCT04067336), an open-label, single-arm, multicentre trial, 92 adults with relapsed or refractory NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (NPM1… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40997296 · Wang et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MLF1 Fusion3 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1-MLF1ALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12130In this 2010 study the authors included 5876 acute myeloid leukemia cases. The median age of the patients was 44 years (range 16 to 59 years). With cytogenetic analysis the t(3;5)(q21∼25;q31∼35) (like… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20385793 · Grimwade et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1-MLF1ALIAS | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12129In this 2024 study the authors analyzed RNA sequencing data from 887 pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. The median age of the cohort was 9.3 years (range 0 to 24 years). Oncogenic driver fu… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38212634 · Umeda et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1-MLF1 | |||||||
| NPM1 MUTATION5 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 5 | submitted | EID8596In the the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), AML with mutated NPM1 was considered as a provisional entity. In the updated 2016 WHO classification , A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1 MutationALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12494In this 2005 study, immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the subcellular localization of NPM in 1,835 paraffin-embedded tumor specimens, including 591 from primary AML patients (ages 15–60)… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15659725 · Falini et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1 Mutation | |||||||
| IDH1 Mutation + IDH2 Mutation + NPM1 MUTATIONIDH2IDH1NPM11 | ||||||||
| Revumenib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12744Results from phase II of the AUGMENT-101 trial are reported for patients with NPM1 mutant relapsed/refractory AML (≥3 previous lines of therapy) treated with revumenib. Patients received revumenib wit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40332046 · Arellano et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2A Rearrangement + NPM1 MUTATIONNPM1KMT2A1 | ||||||||
| Ziftomenib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID12436The KOMET-001 Phase 1 trial evaluated the menin inhibitor ziftomenib (KO-539) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring either NPM1 mutations or KMT2A rearrangemen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39362248 · Wang et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NPM1 W288FS5 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 5 | rejected | EID1510In a study of 1,540 patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 418(27%) had mutations in NPM1, mostly W288fs, and there was a preferential co-mutation with NRAS(G12/13), however there was no co-mutation as… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27276561 · Papaemmanuil et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Better Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID109No NPM1 mutations were identified in patients with favorable risk cytogenetics (79/215 patients). PMID 21067377 · Ley et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | |||||
| NRAS G121 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support N/A | 3 | accepted | EID57NRAS mutation status does not impact overall, event-free or disease-free survival in patients with AML. PMID 16434492 · Bacher et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS G12/G131 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID1516Patients with a triple mutation of NPM1, DNMT3A, and NRAS (G12/13) (three-way interaction p=0.04) showed a relatively benign prognosis with an 8-year survival rate of 75% and a 10-year survival rate o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27276561 · Papaemmanuil et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support N/A | 3 | accepted | EID56The presence of NRAS mutation in AML patients does not impact diease prognosis (resistant disease, disease-free survival, complete remission rate, relapse rate, induction death). PMID 15951308 · Bowen et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NT5C2 D407A2 | ||||||||
| Mercaptopurine + ThioguanineSubstitutes | T Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID632CCRF-CEM and to a lesser extent CUTLL1 T-ALL cell lines expressing the NT5C2 D407A mutation had increased resistance to 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine treatment than cells expressing wildtype NT5C… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · Tzoneva et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Arabinosylguanine + NelarabineSubstitutes | T Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID635CCRF-CEM and CUTLL1 T-ALL cell lines expressing NT5C2 mutant proteins (K359Q, R367Q or D407A) observed in relapsed T-ALL patients showed no difference in sensitivity to nelarabine or arabinosylguanine… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · Tzoneva et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | |
| NT5C2 K359Q3 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID667The K359Q somatic mutation was significantly correlated with early disease recurrence and relapse in 103 T-cell ALL regardless of treatment course. The data was obtained from Berlin Frankfurt Münster … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · Tzoneva et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Arabinosylguanine + NelarabineSubstitutes | T Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID636CCRF-CEM and CUTLL1 T-ALL cell lines expressing NT5C2 mutant proteins (K359Q, R367Q or D407A) observed in relapsed T-ALL patients showed no difference in sensitivity to nelarabine or arabinosylguanine… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · Tzoneva et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Mercaptopurine + ThioguanineSubstitutes | ||||||||
| NT5C2 Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID7818Within a cohort of 71 pediatric B-ALL relapse cases, all 7 patients with NT5C2 mutations detected at relapse demonstrated early relapse (<36 months from initial diagnosis) with a median time to relaps… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NT5C2 R238W3 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Prognostic | C | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID786371 Childhood B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia relapse patients had their diagnosis and relapse samples sequenced for NT5C2 mutations. Sequencing revealed 3 early relapse cases with NT5C2 R238W enrich… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cytarabine + Doxorubicin + Gemcitabine + PrednisoloneSubstitutes | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID7816Overexpression of NT5C2 R238W in Reh cells resulted in no change in response to cytarabine, gemcitabine, doxorubicin or prednisolone versus wildtype or GFP controls as indicated by similar apoptosis. PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NT5C2 R367Q6 | ||||||||
| Cytarabine + Doxorubicin + Gemcitabine + PrednisoloneSubstitutes | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID7815Lentiviral mediated overexpression of NT5C2 R367Q in Reh cells resulted in no change in apoptosis after exposure to cytarabine, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, or prednisolone compared to wildtype NT5C2 ove… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Mercaptopurine + ThioguanineSubstitutes | T Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID630CCRF-CEM and to a lesser extent CUTLL1 T-ALL cell lines expressing the NT5C2 R367Q mutation had increased resistance to 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine treatment than cells expressing wildtype NT5C… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · | |
| NT5C2 S445F3 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Prognostic | C | Supports Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID786471 Childhood B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia relapse patients had their diagnosis and relapse samples sequenced for NT5C2 mutations. Sequencing revealed an early relapse case with NT5C2 S445F enrich… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cytarabine + Doxorubicin + Gemcitabine + PrednisoloneSubstitutes | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID7817Overexpression of NT5C2 S445F in Reh cells resulted in no change in response to cytarabine, gemcitabine, doxorubicin or prednisolone versus wildtype or GFP controls as indicated by similar apoptosis. PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK2 R458G3 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Atypical Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaALIAS | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID8610This variant was found in one case of atypical CML out of 185 hematological malignancies. The authors propose that NTRK2 R458G, residing in the juxtamembrane domain, activates TrkB via noncanonical me… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32315394 · Joshi et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Crizotinib | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID8609The authors propose that NTRK2 R458G, residing in the juxtamembrane domain, activates TrkB via noncanonical mechanisms that may involve altered interactions between the mutant receptor and lipids in t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32315394 · Joshi et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Entrectinib + LarotrectinibSubstitutes | ||||||||
| NUDT15 Inactivating Mutation1 | ||||||||
| Azathioprine + Mercaptopurine + ThioguanineSubstitutes | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Adverse Response | 4 | submitted | EID7794Patients from three (Guatemala, Singapore and Japan) separate cohorts harboring NUDT15 loss of function mutations displayed intolerance to Thiopurine treatment (p=0.021, 2.1e-5, & 0.0054). Patients wi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26878724 · Moriyama et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KDM5A Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Megakaryoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID8502Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a rare subtype of AML. CBFA2T3/GLIS2 and NUP98/KDM5A are recurrent aberrations, occurring in similar frequencies as RBM15/MKL1 and KMT2A-rearrangements. In th… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27114462 · de Rooij et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NSD1 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID9720In this study >1000 well-characterized pediatric and adult AML cases were screened using a NUP98/NSD1-specific RT-PCR. In the pediatric cohort (n = 293; age, 0-18 years), NUP98/NSD1 was present in 16.… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21813447 · Hollink et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID7054This publication examines coexpression of NUP98/NSD1 and FLT3/ITD in AML, remission, and survival rate in 1421 patients. The CR rate for patients with and without FLT3/ITD was 63% and 82%, respectivel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25145343 · Ostronoff et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 22 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Diagnostic |
| C |
| Supports Positive |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID12128In this 2019 study the authors aimed to detect the driver genetic alterations in a cohort of Japanese pediatric AML patients. Gene fusions were detected in 53/139 patients with RNA sequencing. The NPM… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31648321 · Shiba et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Diagnostic |
| B |
| Supports Positive |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID108In this publication, the role of NPM1 mutations in defining a distinct subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was investigated. Among 1,485 adult AML patients enrolled in the multicenter AML96 protoco… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16455956 · Thiede et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1 MutationALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12495In this 2005 study, the authors investigated the prevalence and prognostic impact of NPM1 mutation status in 300 adult patients with AML (16-60 years of age) with normal cytogenetics. The diagnostic b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16051734 · Döhner et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Revumenib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID12743Results from phase II of the AUGMENT-101 trial are reported for patients with NPM1 mutant relapsed/refractory AML (≥3 previous lines of therapy) treated with revumenib. Patients received revumenib wit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40332046 · Arellano et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Does Not Support Better Outcome |
| 2 |
| rejected |
EID121NPM1 mutations were associated with intermediate risk cytogenetics (including normal karyotype). PMID 21067377 · Ley et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Cytarabine + Daunorubicin + EtoposideCombination | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | E | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID153NPM1 mutation (Type A, W288fs) causes cytoplasmic localization of NPM when transfected into a non-hematopoietic cell line (293T cells). Cytoplasmic localization of NPM in AML patients was associated w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15659725 · Falini et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NSC348884 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID152NSC348884 induced apoptosis in OPI-AML3 cells harboring an NPM1 mutation. PMID 21719597 · Balusu et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| civic |
| T Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Resistance |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID631CCRF-CEM and to a lesser extent CUTLL1 T-ALL cell lines expressing the NT5C2 K359Q mutation had increased resistance to 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine treatment than cells expressing wildtype NT5C… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · Tzoneva et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Mercaptopurine + ThioguanineSubstitutes |
| Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Resistance |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID7813Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of NT5C2 R238W in Reh cells resulted in significant resistance against thiopurines (mercaptopurine and thioguanine) versus wildtype and GFP controls, as indicated by… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| civic |
| Arabinosylguanine + NelarabineSubstitutes | T Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | rejected | EID634CCRF-CEM and CUTLL1 T-ALL cell lines expressing NT5C2 mutant proteins (R367Q, R359Q or D407A) observed in relapsed T-ALL patients showed no difference in sensitivity to nelarabine or arabinosylguanine… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · Tzoneva et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | T Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID633CCRF-CEM and CUTLL1 T-ALL cell lines expressing NT5C2 mutant proteins (K359Q, R367Q or D407A) observed in relapsed T-ALL patients showed no difference in sensitivity to nelarabine or arabinosylguanine… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377281 · Tzoneva et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Mercaptopurine + ThioguanineSubstitutes | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID781271 Childhood B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia relapse patients had their diagnosis and relapse samples sequenced for NT5C2 mutations. Sequencing revealed an early relapse case with NT5C2 R367Q enrich… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID7862Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of NT5C2 R367Q in Reh cells resulted in significant resistance against thiopurines (mercaptopurine and thioguanine) versus wildtype and GFP controls, as indicated by… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Mercaptopurine + ThioguanineSubstitutes |
| Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Resistance |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID7814Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of NT5C2 S445F in Reh cells resulted in significant resistance against thiopurines (mercaptopurine and thioguanine) versus wildtype and GFP controls, as indicated by… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23377183 · Meyer et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Atypical Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaALIAS |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID8625This variant was found in one case of atypical CML out of 185 hematological malignancies. The authors propose that NTRK2 R458G, residing in the juxtamembrane domain, activates TrkB via noncanonical me… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32315394 · Joshi et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |