Cancer Family
Leukemia
CI-CAN-00000215Explore in graph →
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000215Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,279 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLT3 Mutation4 | ||||||||
| Gilteritinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID7283In a phase 1/2 trial, patients with refractory or relapsed AML with FLT3 mutation (n=191; ITD n=162, D835 n=13, ITD-D835 n=16) received gilteritinib. 49% (93/191) of patients achieved an overall respo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28645776 · Perl et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Midostaurin | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID5261Midostaurin is FDA-approved for the treatment of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients harboring FLT3 mutations. PMID 28546144 · Levis, 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Nilotinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID5575Of the 14 AML patients receiving nilotinib, 80% achieved complete remission or complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery. Genetic testing revealed that 27% of these individuals conferred a … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28720666 · Shen et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID5574Compared to non-treated control cells, MV4-11 cells (FLT3 mutated cell line) that were exposed to nilotinib (30 uM) showed a 58% reduction in colony numbers.Further evidence to support cell death incl… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28720666 · Shen et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 N676K2 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Leukemia | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID9530The ability of FLT3-N676K mutation to induce leukemia by itself in mouse models is explored in this study. Furthermore, the leukemogenic potential of FLT3-N676K is compared to two well established, ca… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26891877 · Huang et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Midostaurin + QuizartinibSequential | Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Predictive | B | Supports N/A | 3 | submitted | EID8263In a cohort of 84 de novo AML patients with a CBFB/MYH11 rearrangement and in 36 patients with a RUNX1/RUNX1T1 rearrangement, the FLT3 N676K mutation was identified in 5 and 1 patients, respectively (… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23878140 · Opatz et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 N841I9 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID9235This study identified genetic driver mutations by sequencing 111 genes and cytogenetic studies in 1540 samples across three different clinical trials. Table S5 shows all mutations identified in the sa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27276561 · Papaemmanuil et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID12507In 65 hematologic cancer patient samples (53 AML, 9 ALL, and 3 MDS) partially enriched for lacking FLT3 ITD mutations, resequencing of 21/24 FLT3 exons was performed. In 2 patients with AML, the novel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15178581 · Jiang et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia with NPM1 MutationALIAS | |||||||
| FLT3 N841K2 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | EID9236This study identified genetic driver mutations by sequencing 111 genes and cytogenetic studies in 1540 samples across three different clinical trials. The prognostic significance of FLT3 tyrosine kina… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27276561 · Papaemmanuil et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID8899The study screened for mutations in the second tyrosine kinase domain of FLT3 (TK2) in 172 untreated patient with de novo AML. Nonisotopic RNase cleavage assay was used to identify samples that did no… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15625552 · Matsuno et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 N841T1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | EID9237This study identified genetic driver mutations by sequencing 111 genes and cytogenetic studies in 1540 samples across three different clinical trials. The prognostic significance of FLT3 tyrosine kina… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27276561 · Papaemmanuil et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 Overexpression1 | ||||||||
| Sunitinib | Adult B Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1528A 25-year-old Caucasian male presented with a second relapse of B-ALL. RNA sequencing revealed FLT3 overexpression (also confirmed by IHC). The patient was treated with 22 days of sunitinib, permittin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27181063 · Griffith et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3LG Expression + FLT3 OverexpressionFLT3LGFLT32 | ||||||||
| AG1295 + Crenolanib + R406Substitutes | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID11089In some cancers such as infant ALL, B-lineage ALL and AML samples with the highest levels of wild-type FLT3, constitutive FLT3 phosphorylation is seen from paracrine or autocrine activation from FLT3 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28077790 · Nguyen et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor TTT-3002 + KW2449 + Lestaurtinib + Linifanib + Midostaurin + Ponatinib + Quizartinib + SunitinibSubstitutes | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | ||||
| FLT3 Q575del3 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 5 | submitted | EID930246-year-old woman with normal karyotype AML; negative for ITD mutation by PCR-based FLT3 testing. Based on negative FLT3-ITD: Treated with phase 1B standard cytarabine and daunorubicin (7+3) induction… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33914060 · Young et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gilteritinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID930346-year-old woman with normal karyotype AML; negative for ITD mutation by PCR-based FLT3 testing. Based on negative FLT3-ITD: Treated with phase 1B standard cytarabine and daunorubicin (7+3) induction… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33914060 · Young et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Lestaurtinib + Midostaurin + Sorafenib + | ||||||||
| FLT3 S574del1 | ||||||||
| Crenolanib + Lestaurtinib + Midostaurin + Ponatinib + Quizartinib + SorafenibSubstitutes | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID9308The construct supported IL-3 independent growth of Ba/F3 cells. It showed FLT-3 autophosphorylation and downstream signaling via STAT5, AKT, and ERK1/2 pathways. With IL-3 deprivation, the cells showe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33914060 · Young et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 TKD MUTATION7 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID373In AML patients, FLT3-TKD mutation was associated with poorer disease free survival compared to patients with wild type FLT3. PMID 17940205 · Whitman et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID171Event-free survival was significantly improved in patients with both NPM1 and FLT3-TKD mutations compared to patients with 1) FLT3-TKD mutations alone 2) either NPM1 or FLT3-TKD when FLT3-ITD patients… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17965322 · Bacher et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (diagnostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Diagnostic | ||||||
| FLT3 V592_D593INSDFREY4 | ||||||||
| Palbociclib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4742In an in vitro study, MOLM-14, PL21 and MV4-11 cell lines expressing FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutation (FLT3-ITD) demonstrated increased sensitivity to palbociclib treatment, compared to THP-1… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27099147 · Uras et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sunitinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4739In a retrospective study of 15 acute myeloid leukemia patients, the patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutation (n=2) were associated with improved response to sunitinib treatment. The pat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15459012 · Fiedler et al., 2005 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| FLT3 V592G1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13031The FLT3 V592G variant was found in a patient with AML. BaF3 cells transformed to express V592G demonstrated proliferation in the absence of IL-3 similar to D835Y positive control. Cell proliferation … (full text at CIViC) PMID 18068628 · Fröhling et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 V592I2 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | rejected | EID12964Longitudinal study analyzing blood samples over time for CHIP. The V592I was found with a VAF 0.53% (below normal CHIP threshold) in a control individual who did not develop AML. PMID 31004019 · Young et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 2 | submitted | EID12965Found in whole blood of patient (ID# 4973, appendix 2) with AML, mutational profile included FLT3 V592I VAF 55%; FLT3-ITD VAF 25%, NPM1 c.863_864insCCTG VAF 25%, DNMT3A p.Arg882His VAF 43% PMID 37586297 · Hogg et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| FLT3 Y572C11 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | B | Supports Oncogenicity | 5 | submitted | EID12785Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed sustained growth in the absence of IL-3 similar to the FLT3-ITD cell line (Figure 2A). The Ba/F3 WT expressing cell line showed growth with additio… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39806020 · Anabtawi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID13040The paper includes 1660 newly diagnosed de novo AML cases on frontline CALGB and a total of 37 point mutations and deletions were identified in the juxtamembrane domain of the FLT3 gene. Three patient… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39806020 · Anabtawi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
Data updated 15 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Oncogenic |
| C |
| Supports Oncogenicity |
| 1 |
| submitted |
EID12508To study the mutational spectrum in older AML patients over, 22 cases of NPM1-mutated de novo AML in patients older than 75 were sequenced and 76 mutations (50 different variants) were found across 16… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33711909 · Pettersson et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID12509Mutational profiling was performed with targeted NGS of 43 genes to analyze potential factors related to response and outcome in older patients with AML at the time of diagnosis enrolled in the FLUGAZ… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34070172 · Ayala et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID12506In 2 patients with AML, the novel N841I point mutation was detected by Sanger and Mass spectrometry genotyping. FLT3 N841I was placed into and expressed in Ba/F3 cells, which lead to IL-3 independent … (full text at CIViC) PMID 15178581 · Jiang et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gilteritinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12510Ba/F3 cells were manipulated to express FLT3-ITD or the FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Domain point mutation N841I. These cells were treated with the FLT3 inhibitor, gilteritinib, for 2 days and subsequently ce… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40196870 · Nakazawa et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Midostaurin | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID8858Expression of the N841I variant in murine BaF3 cell line resulted in constitutive autophosphorylation of FLT3 and the amount of autophosphorylated FLT3 was decreased with exposure to the FLT3 inhibito… (full text at CIViC) PMID 15178581 · Jiang et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12512Ba/F3 cells were manipulated to express FLT3-ITD or the FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Domain point mutation N841I. These cells were treated with the FLT3 inhibitor, midostaurin, for 2 days and subsequently cel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40196870 · Nakazawa et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Quizartinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID12511Ba/F3 cells were manipulated to express FLT3-ITD or the FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Domain point mutation N841I. These cells were treated with the FLT3 inhibitor, quizartinib, for 2 days and subsequently cel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40196870 · Nakazawa et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 3 |
| submitted |
EID11088In some cancers such as infant ALL, B-lineage ALL and AML samples with the highest levels of wild-type FLT3, constitutive FLT3 phosphorylation is seen from paracrine or autocrine activation from FLT3 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28077790 · Nguyen et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC |
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| Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 5 |
| submitted |
EID9304In this functional study: FLT-3/Q575Δ rendered transduced Ba/F3 cells (with this construct) to IL-3–independent growth (similar to FLT3 ITS and D835Y), leading to activation of downstream signaling th… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33914060 · Young et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC |
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| B |
| Does Not Support Positive |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID214WBC counts were not significantly different in AML patients with FLT3 D835 mutations compared to wild type. PMID 11290608 · Yamamoto et al., 2001 · Open in CIViC |
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| (prognostic) | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support N/A | 3 | accepted | EID322AML patients with D835 mutation of FLT3 did not have worse overall survival than patients with wild type FLT3. PMID 11290608 · Yamamoto et al., 2001 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID9246This study compares the genetic drivers identified in a relatively young population of patients with AML across three multicenter clinical trials (AML-HD98A, AML-HD98B, and AMLSG-07-04). FLT3 (both IT… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27276561 · Papaemmanuil et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Midostaurin | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1295In a phase 2 clinical study of 95 AML/high-risk MDS patients treated with either 50 or 100 mg midostaurin, 35 harbored FLT3 mutations (26 had FLT3 ITD, 9 had FLT3 D835Y mutations). A higher percentage… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20733134 · Fischer et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sorafenib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID248Sorafenib is effective in patients with FLT3 internal tandem repeat mutations, but not in patients with wild type or D835 mutation. PMID 18230792 · Zhang et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| — |
| submitted |
EID4740In a phase I study of 29 acute myeloid leukemia patients, patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation (n=3) were associated with improved response to sunitinib monotherapy compared … (full text at CIViC) PMID 14654525 · O'Farrell et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID4741In an in vitro study, leukemia M4;11 (endogenous), myeloid 32D (overexpression) and Chinese hamster ovary (transient expression) cell lines expressing FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutation demonst… (full text at CIViC) PMID 12531805 · O'Farrell et al., 2003 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Oncogenic |
| C |
| Supports Oncogenicity |
| 1 |
| submitted |
EID13041The paper sequenced FLT3 in 222 adult patients with AML and no known FLT3 ITD, KIT, and NRAS mutations. Nine nonsynonmyous changes were identified including one patient with the Y572C amino acid subst… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18068628 · Fröhling et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 5 | submitted | EID12791Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed sustained growth in the absence of IL-3 similar to the D835Y expressing cell line (positive control) (Figure 1A). The Ba/F3 WT expressing cell line… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18068628 · Fröhling et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 5 | submitted | EID12795Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed sustained growth in the absence of IL-3 similar to the D835Y expressing cell line (positive control) (Figure 1B). The Ba/F3 WT expressing cell line … (full text at CIViC) PMID 30651561 · Zhang et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 4 | submitted | EID12792Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed constitutive phosphorylation of FLT3 (Figure 1B) and phosphorylation of other downstream signaling molecules such as ERK1/2, AKT (Figure 2). Based o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18068628 · Fröhling et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | E | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID12790To assess the impact of the Y572C variant on the structural domains of the FLT3 protein, measurements of the distance between centers of mass of alpha carbon atoms in the catalytic lobes domain were t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39806020 · Anabtawi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Crenolanib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID12796Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed reduced cell viability when exposed to different concentrations of crenolanib [IC50 (nm) not supplied in text] (Figure 1c and 1e). The FLT3 D835Y po… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30651561 · Zhang et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12794Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed reduced cell viability when exposed to different concentrations of crenolanib [IC50 (nm) 0.89] (no Figure available, data presented in supplemental … (full text at CIViC) PMID 39806020 · Anabtawi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Gilteritinib | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID12786Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed reduced cell viability when exposed to different concentrations of gilteritinib (Figure 2B and supplemental table 2). The FLT3-ITD positive control … (full text at CIViC) PMID 39806020 · Anabtawi et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Midostaurin | Acute Myeloid LeukemiaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID12793Ba/F3 cell lines engineered to express Y572C showed reduced cell growth when exposed to different concentrations of PKC412 (also known as midostaurin )[IC50 (nm) 2.5] (Figure 4A) when compared to a Y5… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18068628 · Fröhling et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |