Cancer
Neoplasm of Uncertain Histogenesis
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Cancer
CI-CAN-00000034Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
7,620 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NR4A3 Fusion3 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12828In this 2019 study, the authors aimed to evaluate the usefulness of NR4A3 immunostaining and compare it with NR4A3 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the differential diagnosis of acinic ce… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31094928 · Haller et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12336In this 2022 study the authors included 4 cases of sinonasal acinic cell carcinoma and 10 acinic cell carcinoma cases of the parotid gland. All four sinonasal patients were male, aged from 27 to 70 ye… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34873305 · Wang et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12337In this 2023 study the authors included 4 cases of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland. The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 16 years, and included 2 males and 2 females. Immunohistochemi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36169793 · Cole et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRG1 Fusion4 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6273In patients with KRAS wild-type (KRASwt) tumors druggable gene fusions have been identified. These alterations included recurrent NRG1 rearrangements predicted to drive PDAC development through aberra… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29802158 · Heining et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib + PertuzumabCombination | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7534In patients with KRAS wild-type (KRASwt) tumors druggable gene fusions have been identified. These alterations included recurrent NRG1 rearrangements predicted to drive PDAC development through aberra… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29802158 · Heining et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Zenocutuzumab-zbco | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| NTRK1 Fusion8 | ||||||||
| Entrectinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID29471378 cases of NSCLC were screened. One patient (frequency 0.1%) with a NTRK1 gene rearrangement (SQSTM1-NTRK1 Fusion) was treated with entrectinib in a phase 1 study. The patient had resolution of pri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26565381 · Farago et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Larotrectinib | Sarcoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6569In a Phase 1/2 study involving 15 pediatric patients with infantile fibrosarcoma or soft tissue sarcoma, 8 patients had NTRK1 fusions. The patients were administered Larotrectinib, and 7 out of 8 pati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29606586 · Laetsch et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports | ||||
| NTRK2 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Pilocytic Astrocytoma | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 3 | submitted | EID7151Genetic alterations in pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) were evaluated. Two new NTRK2 fusion events were identified in this study. These two NTRK2 fusion events, namely QKI-NTRK2 (2 of 96 samples) and NACC2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23817572 · Jones et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK3 Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Entrectinib | Malignant NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2949in two phase I studies in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors, including patients with active central nervous system (CNS) disease. Here, we summarize the overall safety and report the a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28183697 · Drilon et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Larotrectinib | Malignant NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID2954Results from a phase I study show that the TRK inhibitor LOXO-101 is well tolerated and effective, with patients whose tumors bear NTRK fusions responding well and durably to this targeted therapy. PMID 26603524 · 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NUTM1 Fusion4 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | NUT CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12050In this 2020 study, the authors included a total of 141 NUT carcinomas defined by rearrangement of NUTM1 detected by IHC, cytogenetics, FISH or sequencing. The median age at diagnosis was 24 years (ra… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32328562 · Chau et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | NUT CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12051In this 2004 study, the authors sought to identify carcinomas with translocation t(15;19)(q13, p13.1), which results in the novel oncogenic fusion BRD4::NUTM1 (described as NUT). The authors screened … (full text at CIViC) PMID 15483023 · French et al., 2004 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | NUT CarcinomaALIAS | |||||||
| EGFR Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant NeoplasmALIAS | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | submitted | EID12551Next generation sequencing was performed on 35023 Chinese cases with 13 different solid tumor types. EGFR Fusions were detected in 106 samples. All EGFR fusions contained the complete tyrosine kinase … (full text at CIViC) PMID 39054543 · Zhang et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PDGFRA Fusion2 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia | Diagnostic | A | Supports Negative | 5 | accepted | EID1425The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of myeloid malignancies uses the detection of PCM1-JAK2 or rearrangements involving PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 as recommended exclusi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms with Eosinophilia and Tyrosine Kinase Gene FusionsALIAS | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 5 | accepted | EID1433The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of myeloid malignancies and acute leukemia describes a new class of disease defined by myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms associated wit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PDGFRB Fusion4 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia | Diagnostic | A | Supports Negative | 5 | accepted | EID1426The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of myeloid malignancies uses the detection of PCM1-JAK2 or rearrangements involving PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 as recommended exclusi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 4 | submitted | EID7022This study showed that, when detected in the context of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL), PDGFRB fusions with different partner genes are associated with Ph-like molecular subtype of B-A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25207766 · Roberts et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Imatinib | Myeloproliferative NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | |||||
| NTRK3 e4::e11 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Osteosarcoma | Oncogenic | C | Does Not Support Oncogenicity | 3 | accepted | EID11698Using next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing, three cases harboring NTRK fusions were identified in a cohort of 113 osteosarcomas (including primary tumors and metastases). Each of the three cases had… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32022484 · Ameline et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK3 e4::e181 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID12257The authors describe the creation of a data portal containing over 20,000 gene fusions identified in 9,966 cancer samples and 648 normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The VPS18-NTRK3 e4::e18 f… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29099951 · Hu et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| VPS37A Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Ovarian Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1981Vps37A-deficient ovarian cancer cells become irresponsive to inhibition by the therapeutic antibody cetuximab in-vitro. PMID 22016507 · Wittinger et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET Fusion13 | ||||||||
| Alectinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4850Alectinib is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that also has anti-RET activity in vitro. 4 patients with metastatic RET-rearranged NSCLC were identified. 3 of 4 had receive… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27544060 · Lin et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cabozantinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4847RET rearrangements are found in 1-2% of non-small-cell lung cancers. Cabozantinib is a multikinase inhibitor with activity against RET that produced a 10% overall response in unselected patients with … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27825636 · Drilon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Pralsetinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | ||||||
| RET Mutation + RET Fusion2 | ||||||||
| Pralsetinib | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11267In this multi-cohort, open-label, phase 1/2 study, 122 patients with RET-mutant medullary and 20 with RET fusion-positive thyroid cancers were started on pralsetinib dosed at 400 mg once daily. Overal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34118198 · Subbiah et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selpercatinib | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | rejected | EID11268In this phase 1/2 study, 55 patients with RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer who had previously received vandetanib and/or cabozantinib, 88 patients with the same disease who had not previously recei… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32846061 · Wirth et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ROS1 Fusion3 | ||||||||
| Ceritinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11334In this phase II trial, 404 patients with advanced NSCLC underwent ROS1 pre-screening, and 32 patients with ROS1 rearrangement confirmed with FISH were enrolled. All patients except two were crizotini… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28520527 · Lim et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Crizotinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID7282In the ongoing phase 1 study PROFILE 1001, NSCLC patients with ROS1 rearrangement confirmed by FISH or RT-PCR received crizotinib 250mg twice daily. Among 53 patients, the ORR was 72% (95% CI, 58% to … (full text at CIViC) PMID 30980071 · Shaw et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma | |||||||
Data updated 2 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| A |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID12246On December 4, 2024, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to zenocutuzumab-zbco (Bizengri, Merus N.V.) for adults with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic non-small cell lun… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39908431 · Schram et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12247On December 4, 2024, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to zenocutuzumab-zbco (Bizengri, Merus N.V.) for adults with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic non-small cell lun… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39908431 · Schram et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 3 |
| submitted |
EID7649A patient with pancreatic cancer harboring NTRK fusion was treated with larotrectinib. The best overall response was PR at 2 months but the tumor progressed after 6 months. PMID 31605106 · O'Reilly et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID2953Results from a phase I study show that the TRK inhibitor LOXO-101 is well tolerated and effective, with patients whose tumors bear NTRK fusions responding well and durably to this targeted therapy. Th… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26603524 · 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Sarcoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | rejected | EID2956LOXO-101 is an orally administered inhibitor of the TRK kinase and is highly selective only for the TRK family of receptors. The tumor of a 41-year-old woman with soft-tissue sarcoma metastatic to the… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26216294 · Doebele et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID6051In a Phase I/II study of Larotrectinib, highly selective TRK inhibitor, one patient with pancreatic cancer with NTRK fusion showed PR. PMID 29466156 · Drilon et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID6052In a Phase I/II study of Larotrectinib, highly selective TRK inhibitor, two patient with cholangiocarcinoma with NTRK fusion was enrolled. One of the two patient showed PR. PMID 29466156 · Drilon et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Crizotinib + Larotrectinib + LestaurtinibSubstitutes | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1019Two patients were found to harbor gene fusions maintaining the kinase domain of NTRK1 (3' partner), specifically: MPRIP-NTRK1 and CD74-NTRK1. Both of these fusions lead to constitutive kinase activit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24162815 · Vaishnavi et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| C |
| Supports Positive |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID12009RNA sequencing identified NUTM1 fusions in six patients with primary undifferentiated soft tissue and visceral tumors. Fusions included BRD4::NUTM1 (three cases), BRD3::NUTM1, MXD1::NUTM1, and BCORL1… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29356724 · Dickson et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC |
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| Molibresib | NUT CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12055NUT carcinoma is known to be driven by BET fusion proteins, including BRD4::NUTM1 and BRD3::NUTM1, raising the possibility of response to BET inhibitors. Of 19 patients with NUT carcinoma treated wit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32328561 · Piha-Paul et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID1498Twelve patients with BCR-ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative disease and reciprocal translocations involving PDGFRB received imatinib for a median of 47 months (range, 0.1-60 months). Eleven had p… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16960151 · David et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Myeloproliferative NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11272In this phase II, open-label, single-arm trial, 106 patients with 40 different malignancies were enrolled (78.5% solid tumours, 21.5% hematologic malignancies), including seven with myeloproliferative… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18451237 · Heinrich et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| A |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID11233In an open-label, phase 1/2 trial on 87 patients with NSCLC including RET-fusion were given 400 mg once-daily oral pralsetinib, with the outcome measured as overall response rate. Overall responses we… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34118197 · Gainor et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID11234In a phase 1/2, open-label trial, 122 patients with RET-mutant medullary cancer and 20 with RET-fusion positive thyroid cancer were administered 400 mg daily oral pralsetinib. The overall response rat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34118198 · Subbiah et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selpercatinib | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID8852In this phase 1/2 trial (NCT03157128), patients with RET altered thyroid cancers were enrolled to receive the highly selective RET inhibitor selpercatinib. Among 19 patients with previously treated RE… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32846061 · Wirth et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11318In a follow up publication on the NCT03157128 clinical trial, results of 316 RET fusion positive NSCLC patients treated with the RET inhibitor selpercatinib were reported. Of note, this includes 144 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 36122315 · Drilon et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID7066In this phase 1 trial, 57 patients with RET fusion- or mutation positive cancers were treated in 7 dose levels. Among patients with RET-Fusion positive NSCLC, objective response rates were 65% (n = 17… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| 〃 | Thyroid Gland Papillary CarcinomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID7069In this phase 1 trial, patients with RET-fusion or mutation positive cancers were treated with the selective RET-inhibitor selpercatinib (LOXO-292). Among the 6 patients with RET-fusion positive papil… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID8850Patients with RET-fusion positive non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this phase 1-2 trial of RET inhibitor selpercatinib. Among 105 consecutively enrolled patients who had previously received… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32846060 · Drilon et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12135In this arm of the trial (NCT03157128), the intracranial objective response rate (iORR) was assessed in 80 patients with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with selpercatin… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34088726 · Subbiah et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant NeoplasmALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID6949In a preclinical analysis, RET inhibitor LOXO-292 was active against RET-Fusion positive cell lines and xenograft models PMID 29912274 · Subbiah et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vandetanib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4848RET rearrangements involving RET are found in about 1% of NSCLC and define a unique molecular subset. This study was a multi-center, open-label, phase II clinical trial to examine the safety and effi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27803005 · Lee et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4849We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with advanced RET-rearranged NSCLC. In this open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial (LURET), patients with advanced RET-rearranged N… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27825616 · Yoh et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| A |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID688An expansion cohort of a phase-1 Crizotinib study found a 72% objective response rate among 50 patients with ROS1 rearrangement. The study did not compare to patients without rearrangement that were t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25264305 · Shaw et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC |
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