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Variants & evidence
7,129 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRF4 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Large B-Cell Lymphoma with IRF4 Rearrangement | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12254In this 2020 study the authors included FFPE tumour tissue of patients <18 years of age with morphological follicular lymphoma (FL) and/or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). FISH studies with IRF4… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32239695 · Au-Yeung et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK2 Fusion3 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID6964In this study, 264 of 1725 precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cases were identified as BCR::ABL1 (Ph)-like based on the expression signature similar to the BCR::ABL1 positive B-ALL; of those 2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25207766 · Roberts et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12287In this study, the authors characterized 77 pediatric Ph-like B-ALL cases from the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group trials and German Cooperative ALL trials, and identified 5 cases with activated JAK si… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27894077 · Boer et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | B | |||||
| LYN Fusion3 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12801In this 2017 study, the authors characterized 284 cases of Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) identified from a cohort of 1,389 pediatric patients with high-risk B… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28408464 · Reshmi et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12802This retrospective Japanese multicenter study investigated kinase-activating gene fusions in pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) lacking recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, with the goal of de… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27176795 · Imamura et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | C | Supports | ||||
| MAML2 Fusion3 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID11591In this 2010 study, the authors included 55 salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and a control group of 36 potential MEC mimics, including Warthin tumors, oncocytomas, squamous cell carcinom… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20588178 · Seethala et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID11592In this 2013 study, the authors investigated 95 salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) using FFPE material. RT-PCR and FISH were utilized to detect CRTC1::MAML2 and CRTC3::MAML2 fusions, as we… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23035786 · Noda et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports | ||||
| MITF Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Renal Cell Carcinoma with MiT Translocations | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 1 | accepted | EID11702Bakouny, et al. (2022) performed a comprehensive study of the molecular and clinical features of 90 translocation renal cell carcinomas (tRCCs), defined as subtype of kidney cancer driven by MiT/TFE g… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34986355 · Bakouny et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NCOA2 Fusion5 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12699In this 2025 retrospective study, 14 spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (SCRMS) cases previously identified as possessing ZFP64::NCOA2 or ZFP64::NCOA3 fusions were pulled from clinical archives to assess c… (full text at CIViC) PMID 41075874 · Dehner et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID11566In this 2016 study, the authors analyzed 26 pediatric spindle and sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas (SRMS) using FISH, targeted DNA, and whole transcriptome sequencing to define their molecular landscape. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 26501226 · Alaggio et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | |||
| NR4A3 Fusion4 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12816In this 2023 study, the authors evaluated the diagnostic utility of NR4A3 immunohistochemistry in acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the salivary gland. The cohort included 128 AciCCs, comprising 85 cla… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36469101 · Klubíčková et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | accepted | EID12828In this 2019 study, the authors aimed to evaluate the usefulness of NR4A3 immunostaining and compare it with NR4A3 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the differential diagnosis of acinic ce… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31094928 · Haller et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | |||||||
| NRG1 Fusion4 | ||||||||
| Afatinib | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6273In patients with KRAS wild-type (KRASwt) tumors druggable gene fusions have been identified. These alterations included recurrent NRG1 rearrangements predicted to drive PDAC development through aberra… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29802158 · Heining et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib + PertuzumabCombination | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7534In patients with KRAS wild-type (KRASwt) tumors druggable gene fusions have been identified. These alterations included recurrent NRG1 rearrangements predicted to drive PDAC development through aberra… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29802158 · Heining et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Zenocutuzumab-zbco | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| NTRK1 Fusion8 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | NTRK-Rearranged Spindle Cell NeoplasmALIAS | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID7293Among pediatric fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferating superficial lesions, lipofibromatosis (LPF), composed of an admixture of adipose tissue and fibroblastic elements, has been variously cla… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27259011 · Agaram et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Entrectinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID29471378 cases of NSCLC were screened. One patient (frequency 0.1%) with a NTRK1 gene rearrangement (SQSTM1-NTRK1 Fusion) was treated with entrectinib in a phase 1 study. The patient had resolution of pri… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26565381 · Farago et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Larotrectinib | Sarcoma | Predictive | ||||||
| NTRK2 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Pilocytic Astrocytoma | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 3 | submitted | EID7151Genetic alterations in pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) were evaluated. Two new NTRK2 fusion events were identified in this study. These two NTRK2 fusion events, namely QKI-NTRK2 (2 of 96 samples) and NACC2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23817572 · Jones et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PDGFRA Fusion2 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia | Diagnostic | A | Supports Negative | 5 | accepted | EID1425The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of myeloid malignancies uses the detection of PCM1-JAK2 or rearrangements involving PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 as recommended exclusi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms with Eosinophilia and Tyrosine Kinase Gene FusionsALIAS | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 5 | accepted | EID1433The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of myeloid malignancies and acute leukemia describes a new class of disease defined by myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms associated wit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PDGFRB Fusion5 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia | Diagnostic | A | Supports Negative | 5 | accepted | EID1426The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of myeloid malignancies uses the detection of PCM1-JAK2 or rearrangements involving PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 as recommended exclusi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell NeoplasmALIAS | Diagnostic | A | Supports Positive | 5 | accepted | EID1434The 2016 World Health Organization guidelines for the classification of myeloid malignancies and acute leukemia describes a new class of disease defined by myeloid or lymphoid neoplasms associated wit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27069254 · Arber et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-Like | Diagnostic | ||||||
| NTRK3 e4::e11 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Osteosarcoma | Oncogenic | C | Does Not Support Oncogenicity | 3 | accepted | EID11698Using next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing, three cases harboring NTRK fusions were identified in a cohort of 113 osteosarcomas (including primary tumors and metastases). Each of the three cases had… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32022484 · Ameline et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NTRK3 e4::e181 | ||||||||
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | C | Supports Oncogenicity | 1 | accepted | EID12257The authors describe the creation of a data portal containing over 20,000 gene fusions identified in 9,966 cancer samples and 648 normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The VPS18-NTRK3 e4::e18 f… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29099951 · Hu et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| VPS37A Underexpression1 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Ovarian Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1981Vps37A-deficient ovarian cancer cells become irresponsive to inhibition by the therapeutic antibody cetuximab in-vitro. PMID 22016507 · Wittinger et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RET Fusion7 | ||||||||
| Alectinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4850Alectinib is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that also has anti-RET activity in vitro. 4 patients with metastatic RET-rearranged NSCLC were identified. 3 of 4 had receive… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27544060 · Lin et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cabozantinib | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID4847RET rearrangements are found in 1-2% of non-small-cell lung cancers. Cabozantinib is a multikinase inhibitor with activity against RET that produced a 10% overall response in unselected patients with … (full text at CIViC) PMID 27825636 · Drilon et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Pralsetinib | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | ||||||
Data updated 21 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID12256JAK2 rerrangements were found to be one of genetic aberrations demonstrated in 15 cases of Ph-like ALL that were characterised using transcriptome and whole genome sequencing. As these are genetic alt… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22897847 · Roberts et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC |
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| 3 |
| accepted |
EID12809In this 2020 case report, the authors present a pediatric patient with relapsed B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), providing critical evidence for the diagnostic and therapeutic role of LYN fusions. Th… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32266142 · Dai et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC |
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| 3 |
| accepted |
EID11593In this 2009 study, the authors investigated 101 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) and 89 non-MEC salivary gland tumors using RT-PCR to detect CRTC1::MAML2, CRTC2::MAML2, and CRTC3::MAML2 fusions. The … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19749740 · Nakayama et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
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| accepted |
EID11567This study looked at 26 spindle cell and sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas. 11 were congenital/infantile type diagnosed at birth or within one year of age, 10 of which harbored recurrent fusions involving … (full text at CIViC) PMID 26501226 · Alaggio et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC |
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| (diagnostic) | Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12727In this 2022 study, the authors included 40 patients aged ≤12 months diagnosed with spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (SCRMS) enrolled in international trials and registries, of whom 39 presented with loc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35452896 · Whittle et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12731In this 2013 study, the authors included 21 spindle cell and sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), and a control group of 4 embryonal RMS and 3 ectomesenchymomas. RNA sequencing and FISH were utilized t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23463663 · Mosquera et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Diagnostic |
| B |
| Supports Positive |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID12336In this 2022 study the authors included 4 cases of sinonasal acinic cell carcinoma and 10 acinic cell carcinoma cases of the parotid gland. All four sinonasal patients were male, aged from 27 to 70 ye… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34873305 · Wang et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Acinar Cell CarcinomaALIAS | Diagnostic | C | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID12337In this 2023 study the authors included 4 cases of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland. The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 16 years, and included 2 males and 2 females. Immunohistochemi… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36169793 · Cole et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| A |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID12246On December 4, 2024, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to zenocutuzumab-zbco (Bizengri, Merus N.V.) for adults with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic non-small cell lun… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39908431 · Schram et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12247On December 4, 2024, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to zenocutuzumab-zbco (Bizengri, Merus N.V.) for adults with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic non-small cell lun… (full text at CIViC) PMID 39908431 · Schram et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| B |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID6569In a Phase 1/2 study involving 15 pediatric patients with infantile fibrosarcoma or soft tissue sarcoma, 8 patients had NTRK1 fusions. The patients were administered Larotrectinib, and 7 out of 8 pati… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29606586 · Laetsch et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID7649A patient with pancreatic cancer harboring NTRK fusion was treated with larotrectinib. The best overall response was PR at 2 months but the tumor progressed after 6 months. PMID 31605106 · O'Reilly et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Sarcoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | rejected | EID2956LOXO-101 is an orally administered inhibitor of the TRK kinase and is highly selective only for the TRK family of receptors. The tumor of a 41-year-old woman with soft-tissue sarcoma metastatic to the… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26216294 · Doebele et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID6051In a Phase I/II study of Larotrectinib, highly selective TRK inhibitor, one patient with pancreatic cancer with NTRK fusion showed PR. PMID 29466156 · Drilon et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID6052In a Phase I/II study of Larotrectinib, highly selective TRK inhibitor, two patient with cholangiocarcinoma with NTRK fusion was enrolled. One of the two patient showed PR. PMID 29466156 · Drilon et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Crizotinib + Larotrectinib + LestaurtinibSubstitutes | Lung Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1019Two patients were found to harbor gene fusions maintaining the kinase domain of NTRK1 (3' partner), specifically: MPRIP-NTRK1 and CD74-NTRK1. Both of these fusions lead to constitutive kinase activit… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24162815 · Vaishnavi et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Supports Positive |
| 4 |
| submitted |
EID7022This study showed that, when detected in the context of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL), PDGFRB fusions with different partner genes are associated with Ph-like molecular subtype of B-A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25207766 · Roberts et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC |
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| Imatinib | Myeloproliferative NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID1498Twelve patients with BCR-ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative disease and reciprocal translocations involving PDGFRB received imatinib for a median of 47 months (range, 0.1-60 months). Eleven had p… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16960151 · David et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Myeloproliferative NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11272In this phase II, open-label, single-arm trial, 106 patients with 40 different malignancies were enrolled (78.5% solid tumours, 21.5% hematologic malignancies), including seven with myeloproliferative… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18451237 · Heinrich et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| A |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID11233In an open-label, phase 1/2 trial on 87 patients with NSCLC including RET-fusion were given 400 mg once-daily oral pralsetinib, with the outcome measured as overall response rate. Overall responses we… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34118197 · Gainor et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID11234In a phase 1/2, open-label trial, 122 patients with RET-mutant medullary cancer and 20 with RET-fusion positive thyroid cancer were administered 400 mg daily oral pralsetinib. The overall response rat… (full text at CIViC) PMID 34118198 · Subbiah et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selpercatinib | Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID8852In this phase 1/2 trial (NCT03157128), patients with RET altered thyroid cancers were enrolled to receive the highly selective RET inhibitor selpercatinib. Among 19 patients with previously treated RE… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32846061 · Wirth et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11318In a follow up publication on the NCT03157128 clinical trial, results of 316 RET fusion positive NSCLC patients treated with the RET inhibitor selpercatinib were reported. Of note, this includes 144 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 36122315 · Drilon et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Lung Non-Small Cell CarcinomaCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID7066In this phase 1 trial, 57 patients with RET fusion- or mutation positive cancers were treated in 7 dose levels. Among patients with RET-Fusion positive NSCLC, objective response rates were 65% (n = 17… (full text at CIViC) | civic |