Cancer Family
Malignant Skin Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000250Explore in graph →
- NCIt
- C2920
Loading cancer entity…
Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000250Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
92 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRAS G13V1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4418In a retrospective study of 23 patients with BRAF V600 mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) that developed cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma upon treatment with vemurafenib monotherapy,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22256804 · Su et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HRAS Q61K1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3850In a retrospective study of 23 patients with BRAF V600 mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) that developed cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma upon treatment with vemurafenib monotherapy,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22256804 · Su et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HRAS Q61L1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3848In a retrospective study of 23 patients with BRAF V600 mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) that developed cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma upon treatment with vemurafenib monotherapy,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22256804 · Su et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| HRAS Q61R1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3849In a retrospective study of 23 patients with BRAF V600 mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) that developed cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma upon treatment with vemurafenib monotherapy,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22256804 · Su et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK1 Q503*1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID1567Paired tumor samples were analyzed from four patients with metastatic melanoma and initial response with a subsequent relapse under pembrolizumab (PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor) therapy. Baseline biopsies… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27433843 · Zaretsky et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| JAK2 c.1641+1dup1 | ||||||||
| Pembrolizumab | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID1568Paired tumor samples were analyzed from four patients with metastatic melanoma and initial response with a subsequent relapse under pembrolizumab (PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor) therapy. Baseline biopsies… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27433843 · Zaretsky et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Trametinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1571A 65 yr old male patient with metastatic acral lentiginous melanoma (BRAF, NRAS, KIT negative) was found to harbor a KIAA1549-BRAF (intron 15-intron 8) fusion in a subcutaneous metastasis sample after… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26072686 · Menzies et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT N505I1 | ||||||||
| Imatinib + SorafenibSubstitutes | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID8962In a BRAF, NRAS-wt acral melanoma patient, KIT c.1514A>T point mutation (N505I) has been identified and its in-vitro constitutive activity and sensitivity to imatinib and sorafenib demonstrated. PMID 24317392 · Allegra et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KIT rs170847331 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Acral Lentiginous Melanoma | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 3 | accepted | EID666The rs17084733 variant in the 3' UTR of KIT was correlated with susceptibility to melanoma when comparing 70 melanoma patients to 94 healthy individuals from the same community. This variant was most … (full text at CIViC) PMID 21119596 · Godshalk et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KMT2C Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1696Evaluation of 39 aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas revealed that tumors with a KMT2C mutation were 5x more likely to invade the bone (53% versus 10%; p=0.008). Patients with KMT2C mutatio… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25303977 · Pickering et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Carboplatin + Docetaxel + SorafenibCombination | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1497Retrospective analysis of somatic mutations and copy number changes in 119 patients treated with carboplatin, paclitaxel, ± sorafenib (CPS) in the E2603 trial. CPS therapy was associated with improved… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26307133 · Wilson et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12C1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3982In a retrospective study of 23 patients with BRAF V600 mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) that developed cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma upon treatment with vemurafenib monotherapy,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22256804 · Su et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3961In a retrospective study of 23 patients with BRAF V600 mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) that developed cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma upon treatment with vemurafenib monotherapy,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22256804 · Su et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| MET Overexpression2 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID1581Whole exome sequencing, transcriptome and methylome alterations in 48 melanoma samples with acquired resistance to BRAFi +/- MEKi therapy compared to patient-matched baseline melanoma tissues were ana… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26359985 · Hugo et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1584FFPE tumours from patients enrolled in the BRIM2 (n = 59) and BRIM3 (n = 150) trials of vemurafenib in advanced BRAF mutant (V600E/K) melanoma were analyzed for MET expression (IHC). Pretreatment MET … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23802768 · Jubb et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RAF1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Belvarafenib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID13152A patient with recurrent melanoma harboring a MIPOL1-RAF1 fusion with an intact RAF1 kinase domain received belvarafenib after progression following pembrolizumab with radiotherapy. Belvarafenib was i… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38470950 · Kim et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NF1 Mutation4 | ||||||||
| Mirdametinib + SirolimusCombination | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1469Preclinical study of mouse melanoma both in-vitro and in-vivo. Braf/Nf1-mutant melanomas were less sensitive to vemurafenib than the MEK inhibitor PD0325901. mTOR inhibition with rapamycin had a more … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23171796 · Maertens et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 4 | accepted | EID1470NF1 was identified in an unbiased RNAi screen as mediator of resistance to BRAF inhibition in BRAF mutant melanoma. Knockdown of NF1 led to PLX4720 resistance in-vitro. MEK inhibition with AZD6244 (se… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23288408 · Whittaker et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | ||||||||
| NRAS G13R1 | ||||||||
| Belvarafenib | Acral Lentiginous Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID13214A patient with acral melanoma harboring NRAS G13R received belvarafenib monotherapy after four prior lines of systemic therapy and achieved stable disease as the best RECIST response. The patient rece… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38470950 · Kim et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS Mutation5 | ||||||||
| Amuvatinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID1476Preclinical study in melanoma cell lines. Cell lines (2-5/assay) with NRAS mutation were more sensitive to Amuvatinib (inhibitor targets multiple tyrosine kinases) than BRAF mutant cell lines in growt… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24950457 · Fedorenko et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Binimetinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | accepted | EID2937NEMO is an ongoing, randomised, open-label phase 3 study of patients with advanced, unresectable, AJCC IIIC/IV NRAS-mutant melanoma. 402 patients that were previously untreated or progressed on or aft… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28284557 · Dummer et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | |||||||
| NRAS Q612 | ||||||||
| Binimetinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1226Phase 2 study of MEK162 in patients with advanced melanoma and NRAS or BRAF mutation. 71 patients were enrolled, 6/30 patients with NRAS mutation had a partial response (Gln61Leu 1 Patient, Gln61Lys 9… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23414587 · Ascierto et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selumetinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1473Phase 1 trial in 57 patients with advanced cancers treated with selumetinib. 4 melanoma patients had NRAS Q61 mutations. One patient with NRAS mutation had 70% tumor shrinkage after three cycles of se… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18390968 · Adjei et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| NRAS Q61K4 | ||||||||
| Belvarafenib | Acral Lentiginous Melanoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID13218A patient with acral melanoma harboring NRAS Q61K received belvarafenib as first-line therapy for metastatic disease after progression on adjuvant pembrolizumab and achieved stable disease as the best… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38470950 · Kim et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Selumetinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1475Preclinical study in melanoma cell lines. NRAS Q61K, in addition to the BRAF V600E mutation was associated with resistance to vemurafenib but sensitivity to AZD6244 (selumetinib) in vitro in the acqui… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22194965 · Atefi et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | ||||||
| NRAS Q61R1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3830In an in vitro study of single-cell clones derived from a cutaneous melanoma patient expressing a BRAF V600E mutation (a known sensitizing mutation to vemurafenib) and NRAS Q61R co-mutations, NRAS Q61… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23948972 · Romano et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Trametinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1570Case report of a 47year old female patient with metastatic melanoma (BRAF, NRAS, KIT negative). A PPFIBP2-BRAF fusion was identified from DNA from a brain metastasis (inton 3 of PPFIBP2 fused to intro… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26072686 · Menzies et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| PTEN V317FS1 | ||||||||
| Akt Inhibitor MK2206 + MEK Inhibitor CI-1040Combination | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1534A 26-year old patient presented with vemurafenib resistant BRAF V600E-mutated cutaneous melanoma. Five metastases were evaluated using whole genome sequencing and a 4-bp deletion in PTEN (frameshift m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24504448 · Turajlic et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RAC1 P29S1 | ||||||||
| PLX4720 | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 4 | submitted | EID8056In vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate that RAC1-P29S is capable of promoting cell survival and resistance to treatment, specifically BRAF inhibition. The authors expressed both a 4-hydroxytamo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31257073 · Lionarons et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RAF1 Amplification1 | ||||||||
| Carboplatin + Paclitaxel + SorafenibCombination | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1496Retrospective analysis of somatic mutations and copy number changes in 119 patients treated with carboplatin, paclitaxel, ± sorafenib (CPS) in the E2603 trial. CPS therapy was associated with improved… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26307133 · Wilson et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| RAF1 Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Binimetinib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID13149A 51 year old male patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma harboring a RUFY1::RAF1 fusion received the MEK inhibitor binimetinib after prior pembrolizumab and ipilimumab/nivolumab. During four mont… (full text at CIViC) PMID 35871080 · Moran et al., 2022 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TERT Amplification1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Acral Lentiginous Melanoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID514In patients with acral lentiginous melanoma, those with amplification of TERT had shorter overall survival. PMID 25219713 · Diaz et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TERT Promoter Mutation1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID515In patients with nonacral cutaneous melanoma, those with mutations in the TERT promoter had shorter overall survival than wild-type patients. PMID 25217772 · Griewank et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| TP53 P278S1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID4419In a retrospective study of 23 patients with BRAF V600 mutation (a known vemurafenib sensitizing mutation) that developed cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma upon treatment with vemurafenib monotherapy,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22256804 · Su et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Fusion1 | ||||||||
| Vemurafenib | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1416Foundation One NGS assay and targeted RNAseq identified PAPSS1-BRAF fusion in a melanoma sample. Further BRAF fusions (TRIM24-BRAF) were identified in TCGA and additional samples. Ectopic expression o… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24345920 · Hutchinson et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 17 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Predictive |
| D |
| Supports Resistance |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID1468Preclinical study of mouse melanoma in-vitro and in-vivo. In-vitro treament of Braf-mutant melanomas were 10-fold more sensitive to vermurafenib (PLX4032) treatment than Braf/Nf1-mutant melanomas. In … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23171796 · Maertens et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| AZ628 + VTX-11eSubstitutes | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1471NF1 was identified in an unbiased RNAi screen as mediator of resistance to BRAF inhibition in BRAF mutant melanoma. BRAF V600E/NF1 mutant cell lines were sensitive to ERK inhibition with VTX-11e, mode… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23288408 · Whittaker et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| B |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID1472Phase II study in 71 patients with NRAS or BRAF V600 mutant melanoma treated with MEK162. Six (20%) of 30 patients with NRAS-mutated melanoma had a partial response (three confirmed). PMID 23414587 · Ascierto et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| Binimetinib + RibociclibCombination | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2931Inhibition of CDK4 and 6, regulators of the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint, arrests the cell cycle in the G1 phase, suppresses DNA synthesis, and inhibits cancer cell growth. There is an ongoing phase 1/2… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26987942 · Vu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Docetaxel + TrametinibCombination | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1225Phase 1 trial of trametinib and docetaxel in patients with advanced melanoma lacking BRAF V600 mutations. 15 patients were enrolled (14 BRAF wt). Six patients had a partial response, including four ou… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25542057 · Coupe et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| D |
| Supports Resistance |
| 2 |
| accepted |
EID1474Preclinical study in melanoma cell lines. NRAS Q61K, in addition to the BRAF V600E mutation was associated with resistance to vemurafenib but sensitivity to AZD6244 (selumetinib) in vitro in the acqui… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22194965 · Atefi et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC |
| civic |
| 〃 | Cutaneous MelanomaALIAS | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3838In an in vitro study of single-cell clones derived from a cutaneous melanoma patient expressing a BRAF V600E mutation (a known sensitizing mutation to vemurafenib) and NRAS Q61K co-mutations, NRAS Q61… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23948972 · Romano et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |