Cancer Family
Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000229Explore in graph →
4,259 active trials43 approved drugs556 evidence items
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000229Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,218 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRAF G596R2 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12443Several BRAF mutant cell lines were analyzed in response to treatment with increasing concentrations of cetuximab (0-300nM). Cell-growth and impact on signalling was measured: ERK signalling by wester… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 1 | accepted | EID4729In an in vitro study, an NCI-H508 cell line expressing BRAF G596R demonstrated insensitivity to vemurafenib treatment compared to HT29 cells expressing BRAF V600E (a known vemurafenib sensitizing muta… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22180495 · Yang et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF K6011 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID7475Data from 117 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring various BRAF mutations and 540 patients with mCRC harboring BRAF wild type were analyzed. BRAF mutation type was categorized t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30967421 · Schirripa et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF L5971 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID7476Data from 117 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring various BRAF mutations and 540 patients with mCRC harboring BRAF wild type were analyzed. BRAF mutation type was categorized t… (full text at CIViC) PMID 30967421 · Schirripa et al., 2019 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Mutation12 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID7158In the Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial, ISRCTN27286448, patients who presented with advanced colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to chemotherapy (oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine; arm A… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID7159A meta analysis was performed using data from 21 published studies (n = 9885 patients) to assess prognostic value of BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer. When evaluating 14 studies (n = 7778 patients)… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24112392 · Clancy et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| BRAF N486_P490del1 | ||||||||
| Trametinib | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7730In a case report, a patient with pancreatic cancer harboring BRAF N486-P490del was treated with trametinib. Within 4 weeks of initiating therapy, her serum CA19-9 had fallen from 36,000 to 8,100 U/mL,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29903880 · Aguirre et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF Non-V6001 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID3046This study of 9,643 patients characterized clinical implications of non-V600 BRAF mutations in metastatic CRC. Of the patients with metastatic CRC that underwent NGS testing, 208 patients had non-V60… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28486044 · Jones et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V6009 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab + VemurafenibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1598Patients with BRAF-V600 mutated cancers were identified (n=122) and subsequently underwent targeted therapy. 27 patients with colorectal cancer were treated with vemurafenib and cetuximab (N=24 with B… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26287849 · Hyman et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dabrafenib + TrametinibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID1415In clinical trial NCT01072175, 43 patients with BRAF V600 metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) received mutant BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib. Only 12% of patients showed partia… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26392102 · Corcoran et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| BRAF V600E23 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 5 | accepted | EID103V600E is associated with adverse pathological features of colorectal cancer. This can be concluded as a marker of poor prognosis. PMID 24594804 · Chen et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID7156Patients with completely resected colorectal adenocarcinoma (Stage II-III) were treated with fluorouracil and leucovorin +/- ironotecan. Of the 1,307 FFPE samples tested, V600E was observed in 31 Stag… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20008640 · Roth et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | ||||||
Data updated 14 minutes agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Prognostic |
| B |
| Supports Poor Outcome |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID6302This was a retrospective clinical study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received first line chemotherapy (made up of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU + oxaliplatin, 5-FU + irinotecan,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID6307This was a retrospective clinical study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received first line chemotherapy (made up of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU + oxaliplatin, 5-FU + irinotecan,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6305This was a retrospective clinical study of 97 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received bevacizumab in conjunction with first-line chemotherapy (composed of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU +… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6306This was a retrospective clinical study of 92 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received cetuximab in conjunction with salvage chemotherapy (refractory to at least one line of treatment). Salv… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID1704A cohort of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from 85 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was created. PDX were treated with cetuximab and mechanisms of resistance investigated. None of the xeno… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22586653 · Bertotti et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2187This was a retrospective study of 350 patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab + chemotherapy who had individual response data and whose tumors were K… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1404A quantitative synthesis was performed on nine studies comparing treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with cetuximab or panitumumab and chemotherapy, versus chemotherapy alone, or with other targ… (full text at CIViC) PMID 25673558 · Pietrantonio et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Irinotecan | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6304This was a retrospective clinical study of 44 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received FOLFIRI (5-Fluorouacil + Folinic acid + irinotecan) first-line therapy alone or with bevacizumab. It as… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Oxaliplatin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6303This was a retrospective clinical study of 100 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received FOLFOX (oxaliplatin + 5-fluorouracil + folinic acid) first-line therapy alone or with monoclonal antib… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Regorafenib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | submitted | EID13264In a retrospective cohort of patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib, the four patients whose tumors harbored BRAF mutations all had progressive disease and expe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33224274 · Lee et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 2 | rejected | EID143143 patients with BRAF V600 mutant colorectal cancer were treated with dabrafenib and trametinib. 24 patients had stable disease, 4 patients achieved partial response and one patient (not previously tr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26392102 · Corcoran et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + EncorafenibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID6046In a Phase Ib Dose-Escalation Study of Encorafenib and Cetuximab, Twenty-six patients with refractory BRAF V600 mutant metastatic CRC (mCRC) were treated with a selective RAF kinase inhibitor (encoraf… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28363909 · van Geel et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Alpelisib + Cetuximab + EncorafenibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID6047In a phase Ib dose-escalation study of encorafenib, cetuximab and alpelisib, twenty-eight patients with refractory BRAF V600-mutant metastatic CRC (mCRC) were treated with a selective RAF kinase inhib… (full text at CIViC) PMID 28363909 · van Geel et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID88In metastatic colorectal cancer patients with wildtype KRAS, BRAF mutations were associated with poor progression free survival regardless of treatment (panitumumab with best supportive care or best s… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23325582 · Peeters et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Vemurafenib | Cholangiocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID5905Eight patients with BRAF V600 (7 with V600E, 1 with V600 unknown) mutated cholangiocarcinoma received vemurafenib. Only one patients showed partial response and duration of response of this patient wa… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26287849 · Hyman et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1576Patients with BRAF-V600 mutated cancers were identified (n=122) and clinical response to vemurafenib was evaluated. Of the 10 patients with colorectal cancer (80% BRAF V600E, 20% V600 unknown status)… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26287849 · Hyman et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + Irinotecan + VemurafenibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7355A randomized clinical trial was done with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (50 in the control group, 49 in the experimental group) with BRAF V600 mutations and RAS wild type that were enro… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| B |
| Supports Poor Outcome |
| 4 |
| accepted |
EID7157The CRYSTAL Phase III Trial evaluated efficacy of irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRI) with or without Cetuximab for colorectal cancer patients who presented with unresectable metastatic… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21502544 · Van Cutsem et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1552In a study of 908 patients with colorectal cancer, 45 patients had BRAF V600E mutations and 589 patients were BRAF wild type. BRAF V600E mutations were more likely to be proximal tumors (68.9%, 20.7%… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27404270 · Amaki-Takao et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID2116In a study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received 5-FU-based first-line chemotherapy, those with BRAF V600E mutations had reduced progression-free survival (4.3mo vs. 12.5mo, HR:4.9, 95… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | C | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 2 | accepted | EID2362This study examined outcomes of 240 rectum cancer patients treated with total mesorectal excision therapy. Tumor samples were obtained at the time of surgery and genotyped for BRAF exon 15 mutations. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19903786 · He et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (oncogenic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13065CRISPR-mediated correction of endogenous BRAF p.V600E to wild type in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids abolished constitutive MEK/ERK signaling, restored epidermal growth factor dependence,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40687798 · El Bouazzaoui et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13066Intestinal induction of the murine BrafV637E allele (human equivalent BRAF p.V600E) resulted in persistent intestinal hyperplasia, followed by development of murine serrated precursor lesions, serrate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 29235923 · Bond et al., 2018 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13069In Villin-Cre;BRAF p.V600E mice, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis cooperated with BRAF p.V600E to induce cecal tumor formation, with cecal adenomas developing in 83% of mice 3 months after… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38188365 · Gao et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13071In murine colonic organoids, BRAF p.V600E induced transient proliferation, disrupted epithelial organization, and activated a fetal-like dedifferentiation transcriptional program. Co-expression of TP5… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32792685 · Reischmann et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Oncogenic | D | Supports Oncogenicity | 3 | submitted | EID13072In an inducible mouse model, intestinal expression of BRAF p.V600E induced persistent crypt hyperplasia, altered epithelial differentiation, and transcriptional programs associated with proliferation,… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37735514 · Rzasa et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2120Of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab-based first-line therapy, those with BRAF V600E mutations had reduced progression-free survival compared to those with wildtype BRAF (… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab + Capecitabine + OxaliplatinCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2121In a study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab, those with BRAF V600E mutations had reduced progression-free survival (5.9mo vs. 12.2mo, P=… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19571295 · Tol et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Binimetinib + Cetuximab + EncorafenibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID7260In a phase III trial, patients with BRAF V600E mutated metastatic colorectal cancer received triplet combination with encorafenib + binimetinib + cetuximab in a second or third-line setting. In the sa… (full text at CIViC) | civic |
| Bevacizumab + Capecitabine + VemurafenibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID98This in vivo study examined the efficacy of various treatments on athymic nude mice xenografted with colorectal cancer HT29 cells, which harbor BRAF V600E. The authors sought to understand whether the… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22180495 · Yang et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID126This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer. Of those, 30 patients harbored BRAF V600E, were KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, a… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3736In metastatic colorectal cancer patients with wildtype KRAS status who received cetuximab therapy, those with a BRAF V600E mutation had reduced progression-free survival (8.0wk vs. 31.4wk, P=0.001, lo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19884556 · Laurent-Puig et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3737In metastatic colorectal cancer patients with wildtype KRAS status who received cetuximab therapy, those with a BRAF V600E mutation had reduced progression-free survival (8.0wk vs. 31.4wk, P=0.001, lo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3740In a retrospective study of 53, KRAS exon 2 wild-type, metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring BRAF G466A (n=1), G469A (n=2), D594G (n=1), or V600E (n=2) mutations were reported to b… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26989027 · Hsu et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 3 | rejected | EID12446Cell growth of several BRAF mutant cell lines were analyzed in response to treatment with increasing concentrations of cetuximab (0-300nM). Cell lines with activating BRAF mutations were insensitive, … (full text at CIViC) PMID 28783719 · Yao et al., 2017 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab + Capecitabine + Cetuximab + OxaliplatinCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | submitted | EID8646In a study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine, oxaliplatin, bevacizumab, and cetuximab those with BRAF V600E mutations had reduced progression-free survival (6.6mo vs. … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19571295 · Tol et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + Encorafenib + NivolumabCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID12624In a single-arm phase 1/2 trial in microsatellite stable BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer (NCT04017650; n = 26), combination encorafenib + cetuximab + nivolumab achieved an ORR of 50 % among ev… (full text at CIViC) PMID 40882637 · Morris et al., 2025 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab/Encorafenib Regimen | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 5 | submitted | EID11436In this trial, 665 patients having metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly assigned in 1:1:1 ratio to receive encorafenib plus cetuximab plus binimetinib, encorafenib plus cetuximab, investigators'… (full text at CIViC) PMID 33503393 · Tabernero et al., 2021 · Open in CIViC | civic |