Clinical trial · Interventional
Denosumab as an add-on Neoadjuvant Treatment (GeparX)
Investigating Denosumab as an add-on Neoadjuvant Treatment for RANK-positive or RANK-negative Primary Breast Cancer and Two Different Nab-Paclitaxel Schedules ; 2x2 Factorial Design (GeparX)
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Retrieved
- Sep 8, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Run
- ING-CLINICALTRIALS-20260908-000001
Summary
Brief summary (as posted)
Pharmacologic inhibition of RANKL attenuates the development of mammary carcinoma and inhibits metastatic progression in multiple mouse models. In a retrospective analysis it could be demonstrated that elevated expression of RANK was found in 14.5% of patients overall, with a significant predominance in patients with hormone-receptor-negative disease. Expression of RANK was associated with a higher pathological complete response rate but with a shorter disease-free and overall survival. The ABCSG-18 study showed that adjuvant denosumab reduces clinical fractures, improves bone health, and can be administered without added toxicity. It appears therefore reasonable to test denosumab, a clinically available antibody against RANKL in patients with hormone-receptor-negative primary breast cancer as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for its ability to increase pCR rate and improve outcome in relation to the expression of RANK.
Conditions
Conditions (7)
Free-text conditions as registered, with the CancerIndex entity they were reconciled to and the match type.
| Condition (as posted) | Mapped entity | Match | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breast Cancer Female NOS | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
| HER2 Positive Breast Cancer | HER2-Positive Breast Carcinoma | ALIAS | 0.90 |
| Inflammatory Breast Cancer | Breast Inflammatory Carcinoma | ALIAS | 0.90 |
| Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
| Mucinous Breast Cancer Stage II | Breast Mucinous Carcinoma | CURATED_BROADER | 0.78 |
| Tubular Breast Cancer Stage II | Breast Tubular Carcinoma | CURATED_BROADER | 0.78 |
| Tubular Breast Cancer Stage III | Breast Tubular Carcinoma | CURATED_BROADER | 0.78 |
Interventions
Interventions (7)
| Intervention | Type | Mapped drug | Match |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carboplatin | Drug | Carboplatin | ALIAS |
| Cyclophosphamide | Drug | Cyclophosphamide | ALIAS |
| Denosumab | Drug | Denosumab | ALIAS |
| Epirubicin | Drug | Epirubicin | ALIAS |
| nab-Paclitaxel | Drug | Nab-paclitaxel | ALIAS |
| Pertuzumab | Drug | Pertuzumab | ALIAS |
| Trastuzumab | Drug | Trastuzumab | ALIAS |
Design
Arms and outcomes
Arms (4)
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- label
- Denosumab
- description
- Denosumab every 4 weeks for 6 cycles.
- interventionNames
- Drug: Denosumab
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- label
- nab-Paclitaxel weekly
- description
- nab-Paclitaxel weekly for 12 weeks. Patients with HER2-positive tumors receive Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab. Patients with triple-negative tumors receive Carboplatin in parallel to nab-paclitaxel.
- interventionNames
- Drug: nab-Paclitaxel
- Drug: Carboplatin
- Drug: Trastuzumab
- Drug: Pertuzumab
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- label
Eligibility
Eligibility (as posted)
- Sex
- All
- Minimum age
- 18 Years
- Maximum age
- 75 Years
Show eligibility criteria text
Inclusion criteria: * Unilateral or bilateral primary carcinoma of the breast, confirmed histologically by core biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration from the breast lesion alone is not sufficient. Incisional biopsy or axillary clearance is not allowed. In case of bilateral cancer, the investigator has to decide prospectively which side will be evaluated for the primary endpoint. * Tumor lesion in the breast with a palpable size of 2 cm or a sonographical size of 1 cm in maximum diameter. The lesion has to be measurable in two dimensions, preferably by sonography. In case tumor isn't measurable by sonography, then MRI or mammography is sufficient. In case of inflammatory disease, the extent of inflammation can be used as measurable lesion. * Patients must have stage cT1c - cT4a-d disease. * In patients with multifocal or multicentric breast cancer, the largest lesion should be measured. * Centrally confirmed ER-negative and PR-negative status. Central pathology includes also assessment of HER2, Ki-67, TIL and RANK status on core biopsy. ER/PR negative is defined as ≤1% stained cells and HER2-positive is defined as IHC 3+ or in-situ hybridization (ISH) and according to ASCO-CAP guidelines as of 2013. LPBC (lymphocyte predominant breast cancer) is defined as more than 50% stromal tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tissue from core biopsy has therefore to be sent to the GBG central pathology laboratory prior to randomization. Exclusion criteria: * Patients with stages cT1a, cT1b, or any M1. * Prior chemotherapy for any malignancy. * Prior radiation therapy for breast cancer. * History of disease with influence on bone metabolism, such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, primary hyperparathyroidism requiring treatment at the time of randomization or considered likely to become necessary within the subsequent six months. * Use of bisphosphonates or denosumab within the past 1 year. * Significant dental/oral disease, including prior history or current evidence of osteonecrosis/ osteomyelitis of the jaw, active dental or jaw condition which requires oral surgery, non-healed dental/oral surgery, planned invasive dental procedure for the course of the study. * Previous malignant disease being disease-free for less than 5 years (except CIS of the cervix and non-melanomatous skin cancer). * Known or suspected congestive heart failure (\>NYHA I) and / or coronary heart disease, angina pectoris requiring antianginal medication, previous history of myocardial infarction, evidence of transmural infarction on ECG, uncontrolled or poorly controlled arterial hypertension (i.e. BP \>140 / 90 mm Hg under treatment with two antihypertensive drugs), rhythm abnormalities requiring permanent treatment, clinically significant valvular heart disease. * Currently active infection. * Incomplete wound healing. * Definite contraindications for the use of corticosteroids.
References
Publications (3)
- DERIVEDAdams A, Jakob T, Huth A, Monsef I, Ernst M, Kopp M, Caro-Valenzuela J, Wockel A, Skoetz N. Bone-modifying agents for reducing bone loss in women with early and locally advanced breast cancer: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Jul 9;7(7):CD013451. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013451.pub2. PMID 38979716
- DERIVEDBlohmer JU, Link T, Reinisch M, Just M, Untch M, Stotzer O, Fasching PA, Schneeweiss A, Wimberger P, Seiler S, Huober J, Thill M, Jackisch C, Rhiem K, Solbach C, Hanusch C, Seither F, Denkert C, Engels K, Nekljudova V, Loibl S; GBG and AGO-B. Effect of Denosumab Added to 2 Different nab-Paclitaxel Regimens as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients With Primary Breast Cancer: The GeparX 2 x 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2022 Jul 1;8(7):1010-1018. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.1059. PMID 35588050
- DERIVEDDenkert C, Seither F, Schneeweiss A, Link T, Blohmer JU, Just M, Wimberger P, Forberger A, Tesch H, Jackisch C, Schmatloch S, Reinisch M, Solomayer EF, Schmitt WD, Hanusch C, Fasching PA, Lubbe K, Solbach C, Huober J, Rhiem K, Marme F, Reimer T, Schmidt M, Sinn BV, Janni W, Stickeler E, Michel L, Stotzer O, Hahnen E, Furlanetto J, Seiler S, Nekljudova V, Untch M, Loibl S. Clinical and molecular characteristics of HER2-low-positive breast cancer: pooled analysis of individual patient data from four prospective, neoadjuvant clinical trials. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Aug;22(8):1151-1161. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00301-6. Epub 2021 Jul 9. PMID 34252375