Donor Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Treating Patients With Leukemia, Lymphoma, or Nonmalignant Hematologic Disorders

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Diagnosis of 1 of the following hematologic malignancies:

  * Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)\*

    * With or without history of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
    * Patients in first complete remission (CR) (no greater than 5% blasts in marrow) with translocations t(8;21) and inv(16) are allowed provided they failed first-line induction therapy
    * Patients in first CR (no greater than 5% blasts in marrow) with translocations t(15;17) are allowed provided at least 1 of the following is true:

      * Failed first-line induction therapy
      * Molecular evidence of persistent disease
    * No patients in first CR and with Down syndrome
  * Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)\*, meeting 1 of the following criteria:

    * Not in first CR (no greater than 5% blasts in marrow)
    * In first CR and high risk as defined by 1 of the following:

      * Hypoploidy (no more than 44 chromosomes)
      * Pseudodiploidy with translocations or molecular evidence of t(9;22), 11q23, or t(8;14) (excluding B-ALL) or +MLL gene rearrangement
      * One of the following elevated WBC levels:

        * WBC greater than 100,000/mm\^3 if 6 to 12 months of age
        * WBC greater than 200,000/mm\^3 if between 10 and 17 years of age
        * WBC greater than 20,000/mm\^3 if 18 years of age and over (adult \[over 18 years of age\] patient stratum closed to accrual)
      * Failed to achieve CR after 4 weeks of induction therapy
    * B-ALL that is not in first CR or that meets at least 1 of the high-risk criteria specified above

      * No translocation t(8;14)
      * No blasts with surface immunoglobulins
      * CD10 negative
  * Undifferentiated leukemia\*
  * Infant leukemia\*
  * Biphenotypic leukemia\*
  * Chronic myelogenous leukemia, meeting 1 of the following criteria:

    * Accelerated phase
    * Chronic phase

      * At least 1 year from diagnosis without an identified matched unrelated bone marrow donor AND unresponsive to or unable to tolerate interferon
    * Blast crisis\* (greater than 30% promyelocytes plus blasts in the marrow)
  * One of the following MDS:

    * Refractory anemia
    * Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts
    * Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)
    * RAEB in transformation
    * Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
  * Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  * Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma beyond first CR or failed primary induction therapy

    * Tumor displays chemosensitivity (greater than 50% reduction in mass size after the most recent therapy) NOTE: \*Patients in third or greater medullary relapse or refractory disease (other than primary induction failures) or blast crisis receive the study busulfan/melphalan conditioning regimen)

OR

* Diagnosis of one of the following nonmalignant diseases :

  * Acquired severe aplastic anemia (stratum closed to accrual)

    * Unresponsive to medical therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin and/or cyclosporine
  * Inborn errors of metabolism, including, but not limited to the following:

    * Hurler's syndrome
    * Adrenoleukodystrophy
    * Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
    * Globoid cell leukodystrophy
    * Metachromatic leukodystrophy
    * Fucosidosis
    * Mannosidosis
  * Fanconi anemia documented by increased chromosomal fragility assays and meeting 1 of the following criteria (stratum closed to accrual):

    * Severe pancytopenia

      * Absolute neutrophil count less than 500/mm\^3
      * Platelet count less than 20,000/mm\^3
      * Hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL
    * Morphologic evidence of MDS with clonal chromosomal abnormalities
    * Leukemia transformation
  * Other marrow failure syndromes, including any of the following (stratum closed to accrual):

    * Blackfan-Diamond syndrome that is unresponsive to medical therapy
    * Kostmann's congenital agranulocytosis unresponsive to medical therapy
    * Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
    * Thrombocytopenia absent radius
  * Combined immune deficiencies including, but not limited to the following:

    * Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
    * Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
    * Leukocyte adhesion defect
    * Chediak-Higashi disease
    * X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
    * Adenosine deaminase deficiency
    * Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
    * X-linked SCID
    * Common variable immune deficiency
    * Nezeloff's syndrome
    * Cartilage hair hypoplasia
    * Reticular dysgenesis
* No active CNS leukemia (cerebrospinal fluid with WBC greater than 5/mm\^3 and malignant cells on cytospin)
* No SCID patients who do not require cytoreduction
* No dyskeratosis congenita
* No primary myelofibrosis
* No grade 3 or greater myelofibrosis
* Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients must not have any of the following:

  * Abnormal brain MRI
  * Neurologic symptoms
  * Lymphocytes and monocytes greater than 7/mm\^3 in the cerebrospinal fluid
* No available 5/6 or 6/6 HLA-matched related donor

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

* 55 and under (over 18 closed to accrual)

Performance status

* Karnofsky 70-100% OR
* Lansky 50-100% (patients under 16 years old)

Life expectancy

* Not specified

Hematopoietic

* See Disease Characteristics

Hepatic

* SGOT less than 5 times upper limit of normal
* Bilirubin less than 2.5 mg/dL

Renal

* Creatinine normal for age OR
* Creatinine clearance or glomerular filtration rate greater than 50% of lower limit of normal

Cardiovascular

* LVEF greater than 40% at rest and must improve with exercise\* OR
* Shortening fraction greater than 26%\* NOTE: \*If symptomatic

Pulmonary

* DLCO greater than 45% of predicted\* (corrected for hemoglobin)
* FEV\_1 and FEC greater than 45% of predicted (corrected for hemoglobin) OR
* Room air oxygen saturation greater than 85%\* NOTE: \*If symptomatic

Other

* Not pregnant or nursing
* Negative pregnancy test
* Fertile patients must use effective contraception
* No uncontrolled viral, bacterial, or fungal infection
* HIV negative

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

* See Disease Characteristics
* More than 12 months since prior allogeneic stem cell transplantation with cytoreductive preparative therapy
* More than 6 months since prior autologous stem cell transplantation

Chemotherapy

* See Biologic therapy

Endocrine therapy

* Not specified

Radiotherapy

* Not specified

Surgery

* Not specified

Other

* No prior enrollment on this study
* No continuous life support (e.g., mechanical ventilation) within 1 year after study transplantation (for patients with inborn errors of metabolism)