Subtype
Malignant Intestinal Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00001137Explore in graph →
1,666 active trials21 approved drugs383 evidence items
- NCIt
- C4572
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Subtype
CI-CAN-00001137Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
823 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KRAS G12C9 | ||||||||
| Palbociclib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID3975In an in vitro study, SW837 cell line expressing KRAS G12C mutation were associated with sensitivity to palbociclib treatment as compared to cells treated with DMSO control. Sensitivity was determine… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27167191 · Lee et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2253In a retrospective study of 427 metastatic colorectal patients, KRAS mutations were observed in 43% of the tumor samples. Patients with mutations in codon 12 or 13 of KRAS were associated with reduced… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18316791 · Amado et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2254KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 16953233 · Oliveira et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2255KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 2547513 · Bos, 1989 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2256KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 8462792 · Benhattar et al., 1993 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Regorafenib Anhydrous | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID3973In an in vitro study, a human colon adenocarcinoma SW48 cell line expressing KRAS G12C mutation demonstrated resistance to regorafenib treatment (IC50: 386.22 nM vs. 114.28 nM, P<0.01) compared to SW4… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26161928 · Camaj et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + SotorasibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13300Seven KRAS G12C mutant colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines and two KRAS G12C mutant non-small lung cancer (NSLC) lines were treated with the KRAS G12C inhibitor AMG510 (sotorasib). After 24 hours, all … (full text at CIViC) PMID 32430388 · Amodio et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab + SotorasibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12264In this phase 3 trial, patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer harbouring KRAS G12C mutations were assigned to one of three groups. The first group received 960 mg of sotorasib (KRA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37870968 · Fakih et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sunitinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3974In an in vitro study, colorectal cancer SW48 cell line expressing KRAS G12C mutation demonstrated reduced sensitivity to sunitinib treatment (IC50: 7.2uM vs. 2.6uM, P<0.05) compared to SW48 cells expr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23455880 · Modest et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D28 | ||||||||
| (diagnostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | submitted | EID8031Jens Neumann et al analyzed 1018 cases of metastatic colorectal cancer. They focused on KRAS mutation of codons 12 and 13. Direct genomic sequencing was applied to detect the KRAS mutation. After the … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19679400 · Neumann et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Supports Better Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1215In 119 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab-based first-line chemotherapy, KRAS G12D mutations (N=44) were associated with longer overall patient survival when compared to othe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22948721 · Modest et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab + Binimetinib + Hydroxychloroquine | ||||||||
| KRAS G12/G139 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID2231In a retrospective study of 427 chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal patients treated with either panitumumab monotherapy or best supportive care (BSC), KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations were obs… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18316791 · Amado et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | D | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID194KRAS mutations were significantly associated with reduced progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. PMID 18202412 · Lièvre et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | |||||||
| KRAS G12 + KRAS G131 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6296This was a retrospective clinical study of 92 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received cetuximab in conjunction with salvage chemotherapy (refractory to at least one line of treatment). Salv… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12 + KRAS G13D1 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | B | Does Not Support Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID6292This was a retrospective clinical study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received first line chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU + oxaliplatin, 5-FU + irinotecan, or 5-FU + … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12 + KRAS G13 + KRAS Q612 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | submitted | EID11056The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID11055The Medical Research Council (MRC) COIN trial consisted of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, inoperable metastatic or locoregional measurable disease, and w… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21641636 · Maughan et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
Data updated 11 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER |
| Predictive |
| C |
| Supports Sensitivity Response |
| 2 |
| submitted |
EID10797Case report of a 41-year-old female with T4N2M1 sigmoid adenocarcinoma with KRAS G12D mutation. After progression on FOLFOX, XELOX plus bevacizumab and capecitabine plus bevacizumab. After progression… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32999660 · Orlov et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC |
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| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2207This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 76 patients harbored KRAS G12D, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, and had individual response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3938In a retrospective study of 23 EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with KRAS codon G12 or G13 mutations (n=6) treated with cetuximab were associated with decreased partial … (full text at CIViC) PMID 17363584 · Benvenuti et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3933In a retrospective study of 30 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=13) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were associated with an absen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16618717 · Lièvre et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3934In a retrospective study of 113 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan (34/83) were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17998284 · De Roock et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | rejected | EID3935In a retrospective study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (32/92) treated with cetuximab as salvage therapy (second-line therapy or higher) in combina… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3936In a retrospective study of 59 metastatic, chemotherapy-refractory, colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (n=22) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were assoc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17375050 · Di Fiore et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3937In a retrospective study of 89 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=24) treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18202412 · Lièvre et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3940In a retrospective study of 572 advanced colorectal cancer patients, patients treated with cetuximab and best supportive care with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (81/164) were associated with reduced response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18946061 · Karapetis et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3941In a retrospective study of 32 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with KRAS G12D (n=2) mutation treated with cetuximab were reported to be non-responders. None of the 10 partial responder… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18669866 · Perrone et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3942In a phase 3 clinical study of 1,198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI were associated with reduced overal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21502544 · Van Cutsem et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3943In a phase 2 clinical study of 344 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 (n=52) were associated with reduced … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19114683 · Bokemeyer et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3944In a retrospective study of 95 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS activating mutation (n=33) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were reportedly non-respo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20010090 · Yen et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3945In a phase 3 clinical study (NCT00154102) of 1198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI (n=105) were associate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19339720 · Van Cutsem et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colon Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3960In a phase 3 clinical study,�BRAF wild-type stage III colon cancer patients harboring KRAS G12D mutation (n=378) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were associated with decreased di… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24687927 · Yoon et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dactolisib + SelumetinibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2218In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors harboring KRAS, NRAS, BRAF or PIK3CA mutations and implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2193One patient participating in a large retrospective study of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored KRAS G12D, was wildtype for NRAS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | accepted | EID2236In a retrospective study of 427 metastatic colorectal patients, KRAS mutations were observed in 43% of the tumor samples. Patients with mutations in codon 12 or 13 of KRAS were associated with reduced… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18316791 · Amado et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2237KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 16953233 · Oliveira et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2238KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 2547513 · Bos, 1989 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2239KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 8462792 · Benhattar et al., 1993 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID6316In this study, a large cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer patients were treated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab). KRAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Regorafenib Anhydrous | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3947In a stage IIA (T3N0M0) sigmoid colorectal cancer patient with multiple lung metastases harboring KRAS G12D mutation, a partial response to regorafenib monotherapy was reported. The patient was treate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26870193 · Kawasaki et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 1 | accepted | EID3946In an in vitro study, a human colon adenocarcinoma SW48 cell line expressing KRAS G12D mutation demonstrated resistance to regorafenib treatment (IC50: 195.01nM vs. 114.28 nM P<0.01) compared to SW48 … (full text at CIViC) PMID 26161928 · Camaj et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sunitinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3948In an in vitro study, colorectal cancer SW48 cell line expressing KRAS G12D mutation demonstrated reduced sensitivity to sunitinib treatment (IC50: 4.9uM vs. 2.6uM, P<0.05) compared to SW48 cells expr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23455880 · Modest et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Therapeutic Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID1898A patient with metastatic colorectal cancer was enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01174121). 24 cultures of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were expanded from 3 lung metastasis resections. After… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27959684 · Tran et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Predictive |
| B |
| Does Not Support Resistance |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID6295This was a retrospective clinical study of 97 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received bevacizumab in conjunction with first-line chemotherapy (composed of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) only, 5-FU +… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC |
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| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID135KRAS mutations were significantly associated with lack of response to cetuximab in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. PMID 18202412 · Lièvre et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID134Chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer harboring KRAS mutations (primarily G12/G13; n=230 out of 253 total KRAS mutant patients) had lower response rates (17/253; 6.7% vs K… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + PanitumumabSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6363Mutational analysis of 109 metastatic colorectal cancer patients was used to examine objective tumor response, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) following treatment with anti-… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19223544 · Sartore-Bianchi et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Irinotecan | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6294This was a retrospective clinical study of 44 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who recieved FOLFIRI (5-Fluorouacil + Folinic acid + irinotecan) first-line therapy alone or with bevacizumab. It as… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Oxaliplatin | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Does Not Support Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID6293This was a retrospective clinical study of 100 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who received FOLFOX (oxaliplatin + 5-fluorouracil + folinic acid) first-line therapy alone or with monoclonal antib… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2004In a retrospective study of 427 chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal patients treated with either panitumumab monotherapy or best supportive care (BSC), KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations were obs… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18316791 · Amado et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |