Cancer Family
Malignant Digestive System Neoplasm
CI-CAN-00000229Explore in graph →
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Cancer Family
CI-CAN-00000229Explore in graph →
Variants & evidence
1,218 evidence items mapped to this entity or its descendants, grouped by molecular profile, then therapy. 50 items per page.
| Therapy | Cancer | Type | Level | Direction · significance | Rating (1–5) | Status | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KRAS G12C24 | ||||||||
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3962In a retrospective study of 30 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=13) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were associated with an absen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16618717 · Lièvre et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3963In a retrospective study of 113 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan (34/83) were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17998284 · De Roock et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | rejected | EID3964In a retrospective study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (32/92) treated with cetuximab as salvage therapy (second-line therapy or higher) in combina… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3965In a retrospective study of 59 metastatic, chemotherapy-refractory, colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (n=22) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were assoc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17375050 · Di Fiore et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3966In a retrospective study of 89 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=24) treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18202412 · Lièvre et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3968In a retrospective study of 572 advanced colorectal cancer patients, patients treated with cetuximab and best supportive care with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (81/164) were associated with reduced response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18946061 · Karapetis et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3969In a phase 3 clinical study of 1,198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI were associated with reduced overal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21502544 · Van Cutsem et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3970In a phase 2 clinical study of 344 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 (n=52) were associated with reduced … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19114683 · Bokemeyer et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3971In a retrospective study of 95 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS activating mutation (n=33) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were reportedly non-respo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20010090 · Yen et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3972In a phase 3 clinical study (NCT00154102) of 1198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI (n=105) were associate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19339720 · Van Cutsem et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colon Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3981In a phase 3 clinical study,�BRAF wild-type stage III colon cancer patients harboring KRAS G12C mutation (n=82) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were associated with decreased dis… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24687927 · Yoon et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + ChemotherapyCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID3967This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic, chemotherapy refractory colorectal cancer. Of those, 16 patients harbored KRAS G12C, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dactolisib + SelumetinibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID2212In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors harboring BRAF, KRAS, NRAS or PIK3CA mutations and implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Erlotinib + GefitinibSubstitutes | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID1216In a study of 448 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with EGFR-TKIs and tested for EGFR and KRAS mutations, 69 tested positive for KRAS mutations. In 38 EGFR wildtype patients treated with … (full text at CIViC) PMID 23313110 · Fiala et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Palbociclib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | — | submitted | EID3975In an in vitro study, SW837 cell line expressing KRAS G12C mutation were associated with sensitivity to palbociclib treatment as compared to cells treated with DMSO control. Sensitivity was determine… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27167191 · Lee et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2253In a retrospective study of 427 metastatic colorectal patients, KRAS mutations were observed in 43% of the tumor samples. Patients with mutations in codon 12 or 13 of KRAS were associated with reduced… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18316791 · Amado et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2254KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 16953233 · Oliveira et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2255KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 2547513 · Bos, 1989 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID2256KRAS mutations have been reported in 30-50% of colorectal carcinomas. PMID 8462792 · Benhattar et al., 1993 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Regorafenib Anhydrous | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | 2 | accepted | EID3973In an in vitro study, a human colon adenocarcinoma SW48 cell line expressing KRAS G12C mutation demonstrated resistance to regorafenib treatment (IC50: 386.22 nM vs. 114.28 nM, P<0.01) compared to SW4… (full text at CIViC) PMID 26161928 · Camaj et al., 2015 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sotorasib | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11680In this phase 1/2 trial the safety and efficacy of sotorasib was assessed in patients with KRAS G12C mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer who had previously received at least one line of systemic ther… (full text at CIViC) PMID 36546651 · Strickler et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab + SotorasibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13300Seven KRAS G12C mutant colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines and two KRAS G12C mutant non-small lung cancer (NSLC) lines were treated with the KRAS G12C inhibitor AMG510 (sotorasib). After 24 hours, all … (full text at CIViC) PMID 32430388 · Amodio et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab + SotorasibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | A | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | accepted | EID12264In this phase 3 trial, patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer harbouring KRAS G12C mutations were assigned to one of three groups. The first group received 960 mg of sotorasib (KRA… (full text at CIViC) PMID 37870968 · Fakih et al., 2023 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Sunitinib | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3974In an in vitro study, colorectal cancer SW48 cell line expressing KRAS G12C mutation demonstrated reduced sensitivity to sunitinib treatment (IC50: 7.2uM vs. 2.6uM, P<0.05) compared to SW48 cells expr… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23455880 · Modest et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| ERBB2 V842I + KRAS G12CERBB2KRAS1 | ||||||||
| ARS-1620 + NeratinibCombination | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID11573When tested in MIAPaCa2 (PDAC cell line and KRAS G12C) cells, Neratinib and ARS-1620 strongly inhibit AKT and MAPK phosphorylation (Figure 6F). Also, MIAPaCa2 cell line with the variant in exposure to… (full text at CIViC) PMID 31046123 · Li et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D25 | ||||||||
| (prognostic) | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | accepted | EID1300In 219 patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a multivariate analysis identified KRAS G12D mutations as an independent predictor of poorer prognosis both in patients that have rece… (full text at CIViC) PMID 27010960 · Bournet et al., 2016 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (diagnostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Diagnostic | B | Supports Positive | 4 | submitted | EID8031Jens Neumann et al analyzed 1018 cases of metastatic colorectal cancer. They focused on KRAS mutation of codons 12 and 13. Direct genomic sequencing was applied to detect the KRAS mutation. After the … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19679400 · Neumann et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| (prognostic) | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Prognostic | ||||||
Data updated 17 hours agoSource updated unknownsource: civic (CC0)
Evidence levels, directions and ratings are those assigned by CIViC curators. "Submitted" items have not completed curation review. This is not treatment guidance.
| B |
| Supports Better Outcome |
| 3 |
| accepted |
EID1215In 119 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab-based first-line chemotherapy, KRAS G12D mutations (N=44) were associated with longer overall patient survival when compared to othe… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22948721 · Modest et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC |
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| 〃 | Malignant Exocrine Pancreas Neoplasm | Prognostic | B | Supports Poor Outcome | 3 | accepted | EID1311In 171 patients with tumors of the exocrine pancreas, a KRAS G12D mutation (N=60) was associated with shorter overall survival than being wild-type for KRAS (N=21; Hazard Ratio: 95% CI between 1.14 an… (full text at CIViC) PMID 23565280 · Rachakonda et al., 2013 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Prognostic | D | Supports Poor Outcome | 4 | submitted | EID7171KRAS mutations are found in ∼90% of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. all mice with Kras G12D activation and Pten homozygous deletion succumbed to cancer by 3 weeks of age PMID 20807812 · Hill et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Akt Inhibitor MK2206 | Pancreatic Carcinoma | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | accepted | EID937Among 33 patients treated with pan-AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in this phase 1 study, one patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and PTEN loss and a KRAS G12D mutation experienced a decrease of approximatel… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22025163 · Yap et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Bevacizumab + Binimetinib + HydroxychloroquineCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Sensitivity Response | 2 | submitted | EID10797Case report of a 41-year-old female with T4N2M1 sigmoid adenocarcinoma with KRAS G12D mutation. After progression on FOLFOX, XELOX plus bevacizumab and capecitabine plus bevacizumab. After progression… (full text at CIViC) PMID 32999660 · Orlov et al., 2020 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Cetuximab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2207This was a retrospective study of 691 cetuximab treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Of those, 76 patients harbored KRAS G12D, were BRAF, NRAS and PIK3CA wt, and had individual response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | B | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3938In a retrospective study of 23 EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with KRAS codon G12 or G13 mutations (n=6) treated with cetuximab were associated with decreased partial … (full text at CIViC) PMID 17363584 · Benvenuti et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3933In a retrospective study of 30 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=13) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were associated with an absen… (full text at CIViC) PMID 16618717 · Lièvre et al., 2006 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3934In a retrospective study of 113 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan (34/83) were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17998284 · De Roock et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | rejected | EID3935In a retrospective study of 168 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (32/92) treated with cetuximab as salvage therapy (second-line therapy or higher) in combina… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19603024 · Souglakos et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3936In a retrospective study of 59 metastatic, chemotherapy-refractory, colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (n=22) treated with cetuximab and standard chemotherapy were assoc… (full text at CIViC) PMID 17375050 · Di Fiore et al., 2007 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3937In a retrospective study of 89 metastatic irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer patients, patients with a KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutation (n=24) treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy were associated… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18202412 · Lièvre et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3940In a retrospective study of 572 advanced colorectal cancer patients, patients treated with cetuximab and best supportive care with a KRAS exon 2 mutation (81/164) were associated with reduced response… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18946061 · Karapetis et al., 2008 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3941In a retrospective study of 32 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients with KRAS G12D (n=2) mutation treated with cetuximab were reported to be non-responders. None of the 10 partial responder… (full text at CIViC) PMID 18669866 · Perrone et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3942In a phase 3 clinical study of 1,198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI were associated with reduced overal… (full text at CIViC) PMID 21502544 · Van Cutsem et al., 2011 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3943In a phase 2 clinical study of 344 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 (n=52) were associated with reduced … (full text at CIViC) PMID 19114683 · Bokemeyer et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3944In a retrospective study of 95 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS activating mutation (n=33) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were reportedly non-respo… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20010090 · Yen et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3945In a phase 3 clinical study (NCT00154102) of 1198 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, patients harboring KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and treated with cetuximab plus FOLFIRI (n=105) were associate… (full text at CIViC) PMID 19339720 · Van Cutsem et al., 2009 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| 〃 | Malignant Colon Neoplasm | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | — | submitted | EID3960In a phase 3 clinical study,�BRAF wild-type stage III colon cancer patients harboring KRAS G12D mutation (n=378) and treated with cetuximab plus standard chemotherapy were associated with decreased di… (full text at CIViC) PMID 24687927 · Yoon et al., 2014 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Dactolisib + SelumetinibCombination | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | accepted | EID2218In 28 out of 40 (70%) metastatic colorectal cancer tumors harboring KRAS, NRAS, BRAF or PIK3CA mutations and implanted into mice, the therapeutic combination of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the PI3K/… (full text at CIViC) PMID 22392911 · Migliardi et al., 2012 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| KRAS G12D Inhibitor HRS-4642 | Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm | Predictive | D | Supports Sensitivity Response | 4 | submitted | EID12136KRAS mutation G12D is a very frequently mutated KRAS subtype. Compared to KRAS G12C, which responds well to covalent inhibitors, KRAS G12D lacks a reactive residue near the switch-II-binding pocket, m… (full text at CIViC) PMID 38942026 · Zhou et al., 2024 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Adebrelimab + KRAS G12D Inhibitor HRS-4642Combination | Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | Predictive | B | Supports Sensitivity Response | 3 | submitted | EID13294In this phase 1/2 trial the KRAS G12D degrader HRS-4642 in combination with PD-L1 inhibitor adebrelimab was tested in 48 pretreated KRAS G12D-positive pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Patients had … (full text at CIViC) PMID 42748921 · Shi et al., 2026 · Open in CIViC | civic |
| Panitumumab | Malignant Colorectal NeoplasmCURATED_BROADER | Predictive | C | Supports Resistance | 3 | accepted | EID2193One patient participating in a large retrospective study of EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic, treatment refractory colorectal cancer had a tumor which harbored KRAS G12D, was wildtype for NRAS… (full text at CIViC) PMID 20619739 · De Roock et al., 2010 · Open in CIViC | civic |