Clinical trial · Interventional
Effects of Testicular Self-Examination Training Methods on Students' Behaviors and Health Beliefs
Comparison of the Effects of Testicular Self-Examination Training Methods on Students' Behaviors and Health Beliefs Regarding Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Retrieved
- Sep 26, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Run
- ING-CLINICALTRIALS-20260926-000001
Summary
Brief summary (as posted)
The goal of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to evaluate and compare the effects of different testicular self-examination (TSE) training methods on university students' health beliefs and self-examination behaviors regarding testicular cancer (TC) and TSE. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does receiving brochure-based education or brochure plus audio recordings of TC patient experiences improve students' health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, self-efficacy, and reduced barriers)? * Which educational method is more effective in increasing the frequency and performance of testicular self-examination behaviors compared to a control group? Researchers will compare three groups: * Intervention Group 1: Receives an educational brochure on TC and TSE. * Intervention Group 2: Receives an educational brochure combined with audio recordings of testicular cancer survivor/patient experiences. * Control Group: Receives no specific educational intervention during the study period. Participants will: * Complete baseline questionnaires regarding demographic information, TC/TSE knowledge, health beliefs, and baseline examination practices. * Receive the assigned educational material/session according to their randomized cluster. * Complete follow-up evaluations at 3 months post-intervention to assess changes in health beliefs, knowledge, and TSE behaviors.
Conditions
Conditions (4)
Free-text conditions as registered, with the CancerIndex entity they were reconciled to and the match type.
| Condition (as posted) | Mapped entity | Match | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health Behavior | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
| Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
| Testicular Cancer | Malignant Testicular Neoplasm | CURATED_EXACT | 0.92 |
| Testicular Self-Examination | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
Interventions
Interventions (3)
| Intervention | Type | Mapped drug | Match |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Other | — | UNRESOLVED |
| Educational Brochure | Behavioral | — | UNRESOLVED |
| Educational Brochure and Audio Recording | Behavioral | — | UNRESOLVED |
Design
Arms and outcomes
Arms (3)
- type
- EXPERIMENTAL
- label
- Intervention 2 (Educational Brochure Group)
- description
- Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students between, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). At the end of the sixth week following the pre-test, the educational brochure group received their respective protocol, followed by post-tests comprising the TSE Behavior Determination Form and the TSE Behavior and Educational Tool Satisfaction Form.
- interventionNames
- Behavioral: Educational Brochure
- type
- OTHER
- label
- Control Group (No Intervention)
- description
- Following face-to-face recruitment, obtaining informed consent, and collecting phone numbers from eligible university students, pre-tests-including the Introductory and Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) Characteristics Form along with Champion's Health Belief Model Scale-were administered online via Google Forms via WhatsApp (approximate completion time: 15 minutes). For the control group, no active educational intervention was administered following the pre-test, and only the TSE Behavior Determination Form was applied as a post-test at the end of the sixth week.
Eligibility
Eligibility (as posted)
- Sex
- Male
- Minimum age
- 18 Years
Show eligibility criteria text
Inclusion Criteria: * Being biologically male * Being an active university student enrolled at the university * Being aged 18 years or older * Having native or fluent Turkish literacy (reading and writing) * Having access to a technological device (smartphone, computer, or tablet) with an active internet connection to access digital materials and surveys * Voluntary agreement to participate in the study and providing informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Previous clinical diagnosis of testicular cancer or any other testicular/scrotal malignancy * Having undergone major scrotal or testicular surgery (e.g., orchiectomy) * Prior formal or professional training on testicular self-examination (TSE) within the last 6 months * Inability to complete the educational intervention or follow-up assessments due to sensory or cognitive impairments
References
Publications (0)
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