TACE in Combination With Tislelizumab and Lenvatinib for Advanced HCC (CHANCE2602)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or patients who meet the clinical diagnostic criteria for primary liver cancer;
2. Age ≥18 years at the time of HCC diagnosis;
3. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C;
4. No prior systemic therapy for HCC (including chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, or immunotherapy);
5. Received treatment with tislelizumab and lenvatinib, with the interval between the first administration of the two drugs ≤1 week;
6. In the experimental group, TACE was performed within 3 months before or after treatment with tislelizumab and lenvatinib;
7. After TACE, patients received at least one cycle of combination therapy with tislelizumab and lenvatinib, including cTACE and DEB-TACE;
8. Child-Pugh class A5 to B7;
9. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) score of 0-1;
10. At least one measurable intrahepatic lesion according to RECIST 1.1 criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomatoid HCC, or combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma histological types;
2. Complete obstruction of the main portal vein with insufficient collateral compensation;
3. Uncontrollable ascites or hepatic encephalopathy;
4. Incomplete clinical data or missing essential information;
5. Presence of other primary malignant tumors in addition to the diagnosis of liver cancer;
6. Participation in other interventional studies prior to treatment;
7. Other conditions deemed unsuitable for inclusion by the investigators.