Active Drainage vs. Passive Drainage in MRM

The aim of the study is to compare between active drainage and passive drainage in post-operative seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy in female patient with breast carcinoma as regard of: Primary Outcomes: 1. Daily drain output (measured in mL/day). 2. Duration of the drain in place. 3. Amount of seroma aspiration after the drain removal. 4. Number of days till the last seroma aspiration. Secondary Outcomes: 1. Flap necrosis. 2. Surgical site infection. 100 female divided into two equal groups: * Group A: Active drainage group (50 patients). * Group B: Passive drainage group (50 patients). After MRM ,drain output was measured daily using a graduated jar by nurse during hospital stay which was a one to two days in an average and then by patient himself. All the data was recorded on a paper sheet. In passive drain, breast and axilla outcomes were combined together as one read to be equal to one active drain gar. Twice per week, I checked this reading by myself and reported any complications).

Sex

Female

Inclusion Criteria:

* Female patient diagnosed with breast carcinoma planned for MRM

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Previous breast surgery.

  * Active infection.
  * Recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (Stage IV).
  * Un-controlled diabetes mellitus (HbA1C \>7).
  * Coagulopathy disease.
  * Use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications.
  * Bilateral breast cancer.
  * Loss to follow-up within one month of drain removal.
  * Pregnancy.
  * Male breast cancer patients.