Clinical trial · Observational
Sex-Specific Machine Learning Models to Predict Distant Metastasis in Liver Cancer
Gender-Specific Prediction Models for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis: A Machine Learning-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Retrieved
- Sep 8, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Run
- ING-CLINICALTRIALS-20260908-000001
Summary
Brief summary (as posted)
This study looked at whether male and female patients with liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) have different risks of the cancer spreading to distant parts of the body (distant metastasis). Liver cancer is much more common in men than in women, and women often have better survival rates. However, it was unclear if the factors that predict this spread are the same for both sexes. To answer this question, researchers analyzed information from a large, national cancer database (SEER) from 2004 to 2022, including 19,019 patients diagnosed with liver cancer. They studied factors like age, race, tumor stage, treatment received, and where patients lived. The team used advanced computer models (machine learning) to build separate prediction tools for men and women to estimate their risk of distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis.
Conditions
Conditions (3)
Free-text conditions as registered, with the CancerIndex entity they were reconciled to and the match type.
| Condition (as posted) | Mapped entity | Match | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | ONTOLOGY_EXACT | 0.98 |
| Liver Cancer | Malignant Liver Neoplasm | CURATED_EXACT | 0.92 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis | Liver Neoplasm | PROBABILISTIC | 0.70 |
Interventions
Interventions (0)
Data not yet available
Design
Arms and outcomes
Arms (1)
- label
- MALE and Female HCC Patients
- description
- A cohort of male patients (n=14,575) diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 2004 and 2022, identified from the SEER database. This group was analyzed separately to identify sex-specific determinants and build a prediction model for distant metastasis.；A cohort of female patients (n=4,444) diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 2004 and 2022, identified from the SEER database. This group was analyzed separately to identify sex-specific determinants and build a prediction model for distant metastasis.
Primary outcomes (1)
- measure
- Presence of Distant Metastasis at Diagnosis
- timeFrame
- At completion of data analysis (2024).
- description
- The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the best-performing machine learning model for predicting distant metastasis in the male cohort, evaluated on the internal testing set.
Secondary outcomes (1)
- measure
- Presence of distant metastasis at initial diagnosis
- timeFrame
Eligibility
Eligibility (as posted)
- Sex
- All
- Minimum age
- 18 Years
- Maximum age
- 100 Years
Show eligibility criteria text
Inclusion Criteria: * Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). * Diagnosis year between 2004 and 2022, inclusive. * Case identified within the 22 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Exclusion Criteria: * Missing information on race, marital status, tumor grade, or surgical status. * Non-first primary malignancy or presence of multiple primary tumors. * Incomplete TNM staging data.
References
Publications (0)
Data not yet available