Clinical trial · Observational
Smoking Cessation Before Bronchoscopy or CT-guided Puncture
Smoking Cessation Before Intervention in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules Requiring Further Diagnosis
- Source
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- Retrieved
- Sep 8, 2026
- Layer
- normalized (units and labels harmonized; values unchanged)
- Run
- ING-CLINICALTRIALS-20260908-000001
Summary
Brief summary (as posted)
Nicotine is the most common preventable cause of death and is responsible for over seven million deaths worldwide. If current trends continue, tobacco will kill more than eight million people worldwide every year by 2030. Smoking tobacco products is the most important risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Passive smoking is also a major cause of lung cancer. Since July 2024, smokers and former smokers have been able to receive a low-radiation CT scan under certain conditions to detect lung cancer at an early stage. It is therefore to be expected that the number of diagnoses of pulmonary lesions or nodules will increase in the near future. The risk of developing and dying from tobacco-related diseases is reduced once nicotine cessation begins. Screening all patients for tobacco use, e-cigarette use, and providing behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy to quit smoking are among the most valuable preventive services we can offer in healthcare. Nicotine dependence can be estimated using the so-called Fagerström test. An additional evaluation of nicotine behavior can be carried out by testing cotinine in urine, a method that is used, for example, in the listing for lung transplantation. Cotinine is a degradation product of nicotine that can be detected in the urine of smokers and passive smokers. Cotinine levels in urine depend on the frequency and quantity of nicotine consumption. The half-life of cotinine is 16 to 22 hours, which means that half of the cotinine is excreted from the body after this time. Another marker that can be used as a measure of tobacco consumption is carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb). This is hemoglobin with carbon monoxide at the binding site for oxygen. The reference range for carboxyhaemoglobin is 0.4 - 1.6 %. In smokers, values of 3-10 % are still considered normal. In our department, the smoking status of patients is assessed upon first contact. Support options for smoking cessation are offered and, upon request, initiated. Previous studies have shown that smoking is a risk factor for complications after thoracic surgical procedures and that patients who underwent thoracic surgery quit smoking almost twice as often compared to patients who did not undergo surgery. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study regarding smoking cessation before intervention in patients with nodules needing clarification (bronchoscopy or CT-guided puncture). Therefore, the aim of the study is to support and monitor smoking cessation before intervention in patients with nodules needing further diagnosis (bronchoscopy or CT-guided puncture).
Conditions
Conditions (2)
Free-text conditions as registered, with the CancerIndex entity they were reconciled to and the match type.
| Condition (as posted) | Mapped entity | Match | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary Nodule, Solitary | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
| Smoking Behaviors | — | UNRESOLVED | — |
Interventions
Interventions (0)
Data not yet available
Design
Arms and outcomes
Arms (2)
- label
- Smoking cessated
- description
- Patients who have stopped smoking since they were informed that they have a pulmonary lesion that needs clarification or after the diagnosis of cancer was communicated.
- label
- Smoking not cessated
- description
- Patients who have not stopped smoking since they were informed that they have a pulmonary lesion that needs clarification or after the diagnosis of cancer was communicated.
Primary outcomes (1)
- measure
- Smoking Cessation
- timeFrame
- From enrollment to the end of the observation period 3 months later
- description
- Patients who visit our outpatient clinic for the purpose of investigating a pulmonary lesion that requires clarification, are asked during the medical history if they are active smokers. If the answer is yes, patients are strongly advised to stop smoking immediately. Support options for smoking cessation are presented and, if desired, a connection to a smoking cessation counseling program offered by the Federal Institute for Public Health ("rauchfrei ticket") is established. In addition, nicotine dependence is assessed using the Fagerström test, COHb is determined by blood gas analysis, and cotinine is determined in urine. The same parameters will bei measured after 2-4 weeks and 3 months. As primary outcome measure, the number of patients who are likely to be smoke-free at the end of the observation period will be assessed.
Eligibility
Eligibility (as posted)
- Sex
- All
- Minimum age
- 18 Years
Show eligibility criteria text
Inclusion Criteria: * The patient is an active smoker by the time of the initial presentation in our pneumological outpatient clinic for the clarification of a suspicious nodule Exclusion Criteria: * Current or past medically relevant illness or treatment that could affect the evaluability of the study. * Expected lack of willingness to actively participate in study-related measures.
References
Publications (8)
- BACKGROUNDMustoe MM, Clark JM, Huynh TT, Tong EK, Wolf TP, Brown LM, Cooke DT. Engagement and Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Quitline Intervention in a Thoracic Surgery Clinic. JAMA Surg. 2020 Sep 1;155(9):816-822. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1915. PMID 32609348
- BACKGROUNDWong C, Mohamad Asfia SKB, Myles PS, Cunningham J, Greenhalgh EM, Dean E, Doncovio S, Briggs L, Graves N, McCaffrey N. Smoking and Complications After Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Mar 3;8(3):e250295. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0295. PMID 40053349
- BACKGROUNDMarrufo AS, Kozower BD, Tancredi DJ, Nuno M, Cooke DT, Pollock BH, Romano PS, Brown LM. Thoracic Surgeons' Beliefs and Practices on Smoking Cessation Before Lung Resection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019 May;107(5):1494-1499. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.11.055. Epub 2018 Dec 23. PMID 30586576
- BACKGROUNDPatnode CD, Henderson JT, Coppola EL, Melnikow J, Durbin S, Thomas RG. Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):280-298. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.23541. PMID 33464342
- BACKGROUNDMaciosek MV, Coffield AB, Edwards NM, Flottemesch TJ, Goodman MJ, Solberg LI. Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: results of a systematic review and analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2006 Jul;31(1):52-61. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.012. PMID 16777543
- BACKGROUNDJha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V, Rostron B, Thun M, Anderson RN, McAfee T, Peto R. 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 24;368(4):341-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1211128. PMID 23343063
- BACKGROUNDAnthonisen NR, Skeans MA, Wise RA, Manfreda J, Kanner RE, Connett JE; Lung Health Study Research Group. The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Feb 15;142(4):233-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-4-200502150-00005.