Clinical Study of SHR-A1811 With or Without Letrozole in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Early-Stage HR-Positive, HER2-Low Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Female, aged ≥18 years and ≤70 years;
2. Histopathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer with no prior systemic anticancer therapy for breast cancer;
3. Histopathologically confirmed HR-positive (ER ≥1% and/or PR ≥1%) with HER2-low expression (defined as IHC 1+/2+ and FISH negative);
4. Stage II-III breast cancer (cT2-cT4 or N+, cM0) according to the 8th edition AJCC Breast Cancer Staging Manual;
5. At least one measurable target lesion per RECIST V1.1;
6. ECOG performance status score of 0 to 1;
7. Organ function levels must meet the following requirements (no corrective therapy with blood components or growth factors within 14 days prior to first dose):

   1. Bone marrow function: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 10\^9/L, platelets ≥100×10\^9/L, hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L;
   2. Hepatic and renal function: Albumin level ≥ 3.0 g/dL, total bilirubin ≤ 1.5×upper limit of normal(ULN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤1.5×ULN, alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5×ULN, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine ≤ 1.5×ULN or creatinine clearance ≥60 mL/min (calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula);
   3. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ≤ 1.5×ULN;
   4. Echocardiogram (ECHO) showing left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%;
   5. QTcF ≤ 470 msec;
8. Pregnancy tests must be performed within 7 days prior to treatment initiation for premenopausal women of childbearing potential. Serum pregnancy tests must be negative, and participants must not be breastfeeding. All enrolled patients must use adequate barrier contraception throughout the treatment cycle and for 6 months post-treatment;
9. Voluntary participation in the study, signed informed consent, good compliance, and willingness to attend follow-up visits and undergo study-related procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Breast cancer not confirmed by histopathological examination;
2. Bilateral breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, or occult breast cancer;
3. Prior receipt of any form of antitumor therapy (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, etc.);
4. Concurrent administration of any other form of antitumor therapy;
5. History of other malignancies within the past 5 years, except for cured basal cell carcinoma of the skin and cervical carcinoma in situ;
6. Participation in other drug clinical trials within 4 weeks prior to randomization;
7. Administration of live or attenuated vaccines within 4 weeks prior to randomization;
8. Undergone major non-breast cancer-related surgical procedures within 4 weeks prior to randomization, or not yet fully recovered from such procedures;
9. Presence of any active autoimmune disease or history of autoimmune disease with potential for recurrence, including but not limited to: autoimmune hepatitis, uveitis, enteritis, hypophysitis, vasculitis, nephritis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism (subjects controllable solely with hormone replacement therapy may be included); subjects with skin conditions not requiring systemic treatment such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia; controlled type 1 diabetes managed with insulin therapy; or childhood asthma in complete remission requiring no intervention in adulthood may be included; subjects with asthma requiring medical intervention with bronchodilators;
10. History of immunodeficiency disorders, including HIV-positive status, other acquired or congenital immunodeficiency diseases, or history of organ transplantation;
11. Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, including (but not limited to): occurrence of any of the following within 6 months prior to first dosing: congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV), myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction (excluding lacunar infarction), pulmonary embolism, unstable angina, or presence of treatable arrhythmia at screening; Primary cardiomyopathy (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, or unclassified cardiomyopathy); History of clinically significant QTc prolongation, second-degree type II atrioventricular block or third-degree atrioventricular block, or QTc interval (F method) \>470 msec (females); atrial fibrillation (EHRA classification ≥2b); uncontrolled hypertension deemed unsuitable for study participation by the investigator;
12. Subjects with known or suspected interstitial pneumonia; other conditions within three months prior to first dosing that may interfere with interfering with drug-related pulmonary toxicity monitoring or management, including but not limited to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia/obstructive bronchiolitis, pulmonary embolism, severe asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive/restrictive lung disease, or any autoimmune, connective tissue, or inflammatory disease affecting the lungs, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, or sarcoidosis, or prior history of total lung replacement;
13. Active hepatitis B (HBsAg positive and HBV DNA ≥ 500 IU/mL), hepatitis C (HCV antibody positive and HCV RNA above upper limit of normal range), or cirrhosis; or severe infections requiring antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals for control;
14. Known hereditary or acquired bleeding or thrombotic tendencies (e.g., hemophilia, coagulation disorders, etc.);
15. Known allergy or contraindication to the study drug or its excipients;
16. Pregnant or lactating female patients; female patients of childbearing potential with a positive baseline pregnancy test; or female patients of childbearing potential unwilling to use effective contraception throughout the study period;
17. Concomitant conditions judged by the investigator to pose a serious threat to patient safety or interfere with study completion (including but not limited to uncontrolled severe hypertension, severe diabetes, active infections, etc.);
18. History of defined neurological or psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy or dementia, or any other condition deemed by the investigator to make the patient unsuitable for this study.