T Cell Inflamed Gene Expression Profiling Score-guided Anti PD-1 Therapy (Tislelizumab Monotherapy) for Refractory Solid Cancer Patients Unexposed to Immunotherapy

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients aged ≥ 20 years at the time of informed consent.
2. Patients with histologically- or cytologically confirmed advanced or metastatic solid tumor who are no longer benefiting from standard anti-cancer treatment or for whom, in the opinion of site physicians, no such treatment is available or indicated according to local or international guidelines.
3. Centrally confirmed T cell inflamed GEP score ≥ 0.857 assessed by RNA sequencing. For baseline T cell inflamed GEP, an archived tissue sample collected within 2 years from the first dose of study drug must be provided. T cell inflamed gene expression profiling will be assessed at a central laboratory. Patients who have at least 1 target lesion per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Guideline Ver. 1.1 as confirmed by imaging within 28 days before first dose of study drug.
4. ECOG Performance Status Score 0 or 1.
5. Patients with a life expectancy of at least 3 months.
6. Patients with adequate hematological and biological function as indicated by the following screening laboratory values:

   * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5×109/L
   * Platelets ≥ 75×109/L
   * Hemoglobin ≥ 9g/dL or ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (Note: Criteria must be met without a transfusion within 14 days of obtaining the sample)
   * Calculated creatinine clearance ≤ 1.5×upper limit of normal (ULN), or estimated GFR ≥ 60 mL/min by Cockcroft-Gault formula
   * Serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5×ULN (total bilirubin must be \< 3×ULN for patients with Gilbert's syndrome)
   * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and ALT ≤ 3×ULN OR ≤ 5×ULN for patients with liver metastases

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients aged ≥ 20 years at the time of informed consent.
2. Patients with histologically- or cytologically confirmed advanced or metastatic solid tumor who are no longer benefiting from standard anti-cancer treatment or for whom, in the opinion of site physicians, no such treatment is available or indicated according to local or international guidelines.
3. Centrally confirmed T cell inflamed GEP score ≥ 0.857 assessed by RNA sequencing. For baseline T cell inflamed GEP, an archived tissue sample collected within 2 years from the first dose of study drug must be provided. T cell inflamed gene expression profiling will be assessed at a central laboratory. Patients who have at least 1 target lesion per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Guideline Ver. 1.1 as confirmed by imaging within 28 days before first dose of study drug.
4. ECOG Performance Status Score 0 or 1.
5. Patients with a life expectancy of at least 3 months.
6. Patients with adequate hematological and biological function as indicated by the following screening laboratory values:

   * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5×109/L
   * Platelets ≥ 75×109/L
   * Hemoglobin ≥ 9g/dL or ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (Note: Criteria must be met without a transfusion within 14 days of obtaining the sample)
   * Calculated creatinine clearance ≤ 1.5×upper limit of normal (ULN), or estimated GFR ≥ 60 mL/min by Cockcroft-Gault formula
   * Serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5×ULN (total bilirubin must be \< 3×ULN for patients with Gilbert's syndrome)
   * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and ALT ≤ 3×ULN OR ≤ 5×ULN for patients with liver metastases

Key exclusion criteria Patients who meet any of the following criteria at the time of assessment will be excluded.

1. Patients with solid tumors from multiple primary origin (with the exception of completely resected basal cell carcinoma, stage I squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, or superficial bladder cancer, or any other cancer that has not recurred for at least 3 years).
2. Patients with residual adverse effects of prior therapy or effects of surgery that would affect the safety evaluation of the investigational product in the opinion of the investigator or sub-investigator.
3. Patients are expected to require any other form of systemic or localized antineoplastic therapy while on trial (including radiation therapy, and/or surgical resection).
4. Patients who have previously received treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor or CTLA-4 inhibitor e.g. pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, tislelizumab, dostarlimab, spartalizumab tremelimumab or ipilimumab
5. Active leptomeningeal disease or uncontrolled brain metastasis. Patients with equivocal findings or with confirmed brain metastases are eligible for enrollment provided that they are asymptomatic and radiologically stable without the need for corticosteroid treatment for ≥ 4 weeks before first dose of study drug.
6. Patients have a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study in terms of efficacy and safety, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the trial, or are not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.
7. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or possibly pregnant.
8. Patients who have received any other unapproved drug (e.g., investigational use of drugs, unapproved combined formulations, or unapproved dosage forms) within 28 days before first dose of study drug.