Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Gastric Retention in Patients Undergoing Sedated Gastroscopy

Arms (1)

1. label

   Model Development Cohort, External Validation Cohort

   description

   Model Development Cohort Definition: 3,000 patients used to identify risk factors and build the prediction mode. External Validation Cohort Definition: 2,000 independent patients from multiple centers to test the model's accuracy.

Primary outcomes (1)

1. measure

   Incidence of delayed gastric emptying (defined as endoscopic gastric residual volume ≥ Grade 2) assessed by standardized endoscopic grading system

   timeFrame

   Patients will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average about 2 hours

   description

   Measurement Tool: Standardized endoscopic gastric residual volume grading system ： Grade 0：Stomach completely clean, no visible residue； Grade 1：Small amount of clear liquid (\<1.5 mL/kg or \<100 mL), no solid components； Grade 2：Liquid ≥1.5 mL/kg (or ≥100 mL) or small solid fragments (\<5 mm)； Grade 3：Large amount of liquid (\>200 mL) or significant solid residue (≥5 mm fragments) Grade 4：Visible undigested food chunks or intact food pieces Data Collection: Two physicians independently assessed gastric residue (liquid/solid), measuring volume using a graduated suction bottle, with video recordings archived for third-party review. Statistical Methods: The incidence (%) of gastric retention (≥Grade 2) was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed risk factors, and ROC curves evaluated the model's predictive performance (AUC).