Safety and Efficacy of BAFF-R CART for Refractory Neuroimmune Diseases

Inclusion Criteria:

1\. Assessed by the investigator as having a refractory neuroimmune disease;

Refractory neuroimmune diseases were defined as:

1. Poor symptom control on at least three immunosuppressive agents for more than one year;
2. Clinical evidence of at least two relapses within 12 months or three relapses within 24 months and one relapse within 12 months prior to screening.

2\. Male study participants must agree to use contraception during the treatment period for 1 year after receiving study treatment, and sperm donation is prohibited throughout the study period;

3\. In the case of females with childbearing potential, need to agree to use contraception during the treatment period and for at least 1 year after receiving study treatment. Participants must have a negative serum pregnancy test result at screening and a confirmed negative urine pregnancy test result prior to first CART treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any medical or psychiatric condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may jeopardize the study participant or affect the study participant's ability to participate in this study;
2. A history of drug or alcohol abuse within the 12 months prior to baseline, or any condition that in the opinion of the investigator is associated with poor adherence;
3. Women who are breastfeeding or pregnant, or who plan to become pregnant at any time during the 12-month time period following treatment with CART, or a history of spontaneous or induced abortion within 4 weeks prior to screening;
4. Study participants with a clinically relevant active infection (e.g., sepsis, pneumonia, or abscess) or serious infection (resulting in hospitalization or requiring antibiotic therapy) within 4 weeks prior to baseline;
5. The study participant has received a live attenuated vaccination within 8 weeks prior to baseline; or is scheduled to receive a live vaccination (including COVID-19 vaccine) within 8 weeks after treatment;
6. Study participants who have received prior treatment with rituximab within 6 months prior to baseline;
7. Study participants had received tolizumab, eculizumab within 3 months prior to baseline;
8. Study participants who have received intravenous human immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, undergone immunotherapy within 4 weeks prior to baseline;
9. Known concomitant serious underlying diseases, such as hepatic and renal impairment, hematologic disorders, previous severe cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, diabetes mellitus, poor control of blood pressure and blood glucose;
10. Comorbid mental illness, suicidal ideation (affirmative answer (yes) to question 4 or question 5 of the Colombian Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) indicating a suicide attempt within the last 6 months);
11. Any of the following laboratory abnormalities during the screening period (a repeat measurement may be taken during the screening period prior to randomization to confirm results); (1) Elevated liver enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); (2) Total bilirubin \> 1.5 times the ULN; (3) Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<45 mL/min/1.73 m2; (4) CD19 + B cell count \<40 cells/µL;
12. Presence of a history of tuberculosis infection, high risk of acquired tuberculosis infection;
13. known immunodeficiency diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection;
14. Viral hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity during the screening period;
15. Receiving blood transfusion therapy 4 weeks prior to baseline or during the screening period;
16. Any other condition that the investigator deems inappropriate for participation in the study.