Validation of the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L for Paediatric Patients in China

Inclusion Criteria:

* Children (Patients)

  1. Age: 5-16 years old.
  2. Diagnosis: Clinically confirmed diagnosis of one of the following conditions:

     Pneumonia (hospitalized due to community-acquired pneumonia); Central Nervous System (CNS) Solid Tumours (receiving active treatment or in post-treatment follow-up); Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) (diagnosed with acute or chronic ITP).
  3. Health Status: Cognitively and physically capable of completing HRQoL assessments (for self-complete versions).
  4. Language Proficiency: Able to understand and communicate in Mandarin Chinese.
  5. Consent: Written informed consent obtained from the primary caregiver and verbal or written assent from the child (if age-appropriate).
* Caregivers (Parents/Family Caregivers)

  1. Primary Caregiver: Must be a parent or a long-term family caregiver (e.g., grandparent, older sibling, aunt, or uncle).
  2. Involvement: Directly responsible for the daily care and medical decision-making of the child.
  3. Language Proficiency: Able to understand and complete both the self-complete and proxy-reported HRQoL assessments in Mandarin Chinese.
  4. Consent: Willing to provide informed consent for participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children (Patients)

  1. Severe Cognitive or Developmental Impairment: Diagnosed with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, or any neurological condition that prevents understanding and completing HRQoL assessments.
  2. Severe Physical Disability:

     Conditions that make it impossible to respond to surveys (e.g., advanced neuromuscular disease, severe paralysis).
  3. Comorbidities: Presence of another major chronic illness that could significantly affect HRQoL measurement (e.g., severe congenital heart disease, uncontrolled epilepsy).
  4. Recent Participation in Similar Studies:

     If the child has participated in another HRQoL validation study within the past 6 months.
  5. Inability to Complete Study Follow-Up: Expected to be transferred to another hospital or relocated during follow-up.
* Caregivers (Parents/Family Caregivers)

  1. Not the Primary Caregiver:
  2. Individuals who do not have daily caregiving responsibilities for the child.

     Cognitive Impairment or Severe Health Conditions:
  3. Caregivers with severe mental illness, dementia, or a medical condition that affects their ability to complete surveys.
  4. Language Barrier: Unable to understand and complete HRQoL assessments in Mandarin Chinese.
  5. Refusal to Participate: Caregivers who decline to provide informed consent.